Understanding Effects of Evolutionary Arias Intensity on Nonlinear Behavior of Hysteretic Systems and Liquefiable Grounds

References

• ASCE/SEI 7-16. 2016. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Asgari, A., M. Oliaei, and M. Bagheri. 2013. “Numerical Simulation of Improvement of a Liquefiable Soil Layer Using Stone Column and Pile-pinning Techniques.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 51:77–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aygün, B., L. Dueñas-Osorio, J. E. Padgett, and R. DesRoches. 2011. “Efficient Longitudinal Seismic Fragility Assessment of a Multispan Continuous Steel Bridge on Liquefiable Soils.” Journal of Bridge Engineering 16 (1): 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, J. R., and C. A. Cornell. 1970. Probability, Statistics, and Decision for Civil Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Berrah, M., and E. Kausel. 1992. “Response Spectrum Analysis of Structures Subjected to Spatially Varying Motions.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 21 (6): 461–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290210601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, J. D., and T. Travasarou. 2007. “Simplified Procedure for Estimating Earthquake-Induced Deviatoric Slope Displacements.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 133 (4): 381–92. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:4(381).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandramohan, R., J. W. Baker, and G. G. Deierlein. 2016. “Quantifying the Influence of Ground Motion Duration on Structural Collapse Capacity Using Spectrally Equivalent Records.” Earthquake Spectra 32 (2): 927–950. https://doi.org/10.1193/122813eqs298mr2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra, A. K. 1995. Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Christopoulos, C., S. Pampanin, and M. J. Nigel Priestley. 2003. “Performance-Based Seismic Response of Frame Structures Including Residual Deformations Part I: Single-Degree of Freedom Systems.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering 7 (1): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460309350443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornell, C. A., F. Jalayer, R. O. Hamburger, and D. A. Foutch. 2002. “Probabilistic Basis for 2000 SAC Federal Emergency Management Agency Steel Moment Frame Guidelines.” Journal of Structure Engineering 128 (4): 526–533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dashti, S., J. D. Bray, J. M. Pestana, M. Riemer, and D. Wilson. 2010. “Centrifuge Testing to Evaluate and Mitigate Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement Mechanisms.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136 (7): 918–29. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dashti, S., and Z. Karimi. 2017. “Ground Motion Intensity Measures to Evaluate I: The Liquefaction Hazard in the Vicinity of Shallow-Founded Structures.” Earthquake Spectra 33 (1): 241–276. https://doi.org/10.1193/103015eqs162m.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Ludovico, M., A. Chiaradonna, E. Bilotta, A. Flora, and A. Prota. 2020. “Empirical Damage and Liquefaction Fragility Curves from 2012 Emilia Earthquake Data.” Earthquake Spectra 36 (2): 507–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elenas, A., and K. Meskouris. 2001. “Correlation Study Between Seismic Acceleration Parameters and Damage Indices of Structures.” Engineering Structures 23 (6): 698–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00074-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgamal, A., J. Lu, and D. Forcellini. 2009. “Mitigation of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Deformation in a Sloping Stratum: 3D Numerical Simulation.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 135 (11): 1672–1682. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurocode 8. 2004. Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.
   Google Scholar
• FEMA-356. 2000. Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Washington DC, USA: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Forcellini, D. 2020. “Probabilistic-Based Assessment of Liquefaction-Induced Damage with Analytical Fragility Curves.” Geosciences 10 (8): 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galasso, C., F. Zareian, I. Iervolino, and R. W. Graves. 2012. “Validation of Ground-Motion Simulations for Historical Events Using SDoF Systems.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 102 (6): 2727–2740. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghayoomi, M., and S. Dashti. 2015. “Effect of Ground Motion Characteristics on Seismic Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction.” Earthquake Spectra 31 (3): 1789–1812. https://doi.org/10.1193/040413EQS089M.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, D., and G. Wang. 2017. “Energy‐Compatible and Spectrum‐Compatible (ECSC) Ground Motion Simulation Using Wavelet Packets.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 46 (11): 1855–1873. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, D., and Z. Wang. 2022. “Wavelet‐Based Stochastic Model for Jointly Simulating Three‐Component Ground Motions.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112 (3): 1483–1501. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husid, R. L. 1969. “Caracteristicas de terremotos – Analisis General.” Revista Del IDEM 8 (1): 21–42.
   Google Scholar
• Iervolino, I., F. De Luca, and E. Cosenza. 2010. “Spectral Shape-Based Assessment of SDOF Nonlinear Response to Real, Adjusted and Artificial Accelerograms.” Engineering Structures 32 (9): 2776–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jibson, R. W. 2007. “Regression Models for Estimating Coseismic Landslide Displacement.” Engineering Geology 91 (2–4): 209–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.01.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayen, R. E., and J. K. Mitchell. 1997. “Assessment of Liquefaction Potential During Earthquakes by Arias Intensity.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 123 (12): 1162–74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:12(1162).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, S. L., and R. A. Mitchel. 2006. “Ground Motion Intensity Measures for Liquefaction Hazard Evaluation.” Earthquake Spectra 22 (2): 413–438. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2194970.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liyanapathirana, D. S., and H. G. Poulos. 2004. “Assessment of Soil Liquefaction Incorporating Earthquake Characteristics.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 24 (11): 867–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2003.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, J., A. Elgamal, and Z. Yang. 2011. OpenSeespl: 3D Lateral Pile–Ground Interaction User Manual (Beta 1.0). San Diego: Department of Structural Engineering, University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2006. OpenSees Command Language Manual. Berkeley: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Molazadeh, M., and H. Saffari. 2018. “The Effects of Ground Motion Duration and Pinching-Degrading Behavior on Seismic Response of SDOF Systems.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 114:333–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.06.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostadan, F., S. Mamoon, and I. Arango. 1996. Effect of Input Motion Characteristics on Seismic Ground Responses. In 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 23–28 June,1996, Acapulco, Mexico
   Google Scholar
• Rinaldin, G., C. Amadio, and M. Fragiacomo. 2017. “Effects of Seismic Sequences on Structures with Hysteretic or Damped Dissipative Behavior.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 97:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterthwaite, F. E. 1941. “Synthesis of Variance.” Psychometrika 6 (5): 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02288586.
   Google Scholar
• Stafford, P. J., S. Sgobba, and G. C. Marano. 2009. “An Energy-Based Envelope Function for the Stochastic Simulation of Earthquake Accelerograms.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 29 (7): 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.01.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, P., D. Huang, and S. Du. 2023. “Improving Soil Liquefaction Prediction Through an Extensive Database and Innovative Ground Motion Characterization: A Case Study of Port Island Liquefied Site.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 165:107696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutharshana, S., and W. Mcguire. 1988. “Non-Linear Response Spectrum Method for Three Dimensional Structures.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 16 (6): 885–900. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travasarou, T., J. D. Bray, and N. A. Abrahamson. 2003. “Empirical Attenuation Relationship for Arias Intensity.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 32 (7): 1133–1155. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trifunac, M. D. 2005. “Power Design Method.” In Proceedings of Earthquake Engineering in the 21st Century to Mark 40th Anniversary of IZIIS-Skopje, 28 August-1 September 2005. Macedonia: Skopje and Ohrid.
   Google Scholar
• Trifunac, M. D., and A. G. Brady. 1975. “A Study on the Duration of Strong Earthquake Ground Motion.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 65 (3): 581–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, G. 2012. “Efficiency of Scalar and Vector Intensity Measures for Seismic Slope Displacements.” Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 6 (1): 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-012-0138-x.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, G., and N. Sitar. 2011. “Static and Dynamic Axial Response of Drilled Piers. II: Numerical Evaluation.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 137 (12): 1143–1153. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., A. Ye, A. Shafieezadeh, and J. E. Padgett. 2019. “Fractional Order Optimal Intensity Measures for Probabilistic Seismic Demand Modeling of Extended Pile-Shaft-Supported Bridges in Liquefiable and Laterally Spreading Ground.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 120:301–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.02.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, B. L. 1938. “The Significance of the Difference Between Two Means When the Population Variances are Unequal.” Biometrika 29 (3–4): 350–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/29.3-4.350.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., D. Li, and W. Du. 2022. “Identification of Optimal Ground-Motion Intensity Measures for Assessing Liquefaction Triggering and Lateral Displacement of Liquefiable Sloping Grounds.” Earthquake Spectra 38 (4): 2707–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930221094344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, Y. 2011. “Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion using Wavelet Packets.” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, Y., and J. W. Baker. 2013. “Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103 (6): 3044–3056. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z., A. Elgamal, and E. Parra. 2003. “Computational Model for Cyclic Mobility and Associated Shear Deformation.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 129 (12): 1119–1127. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:12(1119).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengin, E., N. A. Abrahamson, and S. Kunnath. 2020. “Isolating the Effect of Ground-Motion Duration on Structural Damage and Collapse of Steel Frame Buildings.” Earthquake Spectra 36 (2): 718–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R., D. Huang, N. Liu, and F. Jin. 2022. “Quantifying the Effect of Ground-Motion Nonstationarity on the Nonlinear Dynamic Responses of an Ultra-High Arch Dam.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 155:107194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar