Suitability Analysis of Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Western and Central Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plains

References

• Abrahamson, N. A., and W. J. Silva. 2008. “Summary of the Abrahamson and Silva NGA GRound Motion Relations.” Earthquake Spectra 24 (1): 67–97. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2924360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahamson, N. A., W. J. Silva, and R. Kamai. 2014. “Summary of the ASK14 Ground Motion Relation for Active Crustal Regions.” Earthquake Spectra 30 (3): 1025–1055. https://doi.org/10.1193/070913EQS198M.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akkar, S., and J. Bommer. 2010. “Empirical Equations for the Prediction of PGA, PGV, and Spectral Accelerations in Europe, the Mediterranean Region, and the Middle East.” Seismological Research Letters 81 (2): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.2.195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anbazhagan, P., K. Bajaj, S. S. R. Moustafa, and N. S. N. Al-Arifi. 2015. “Maximum Magnitude Estimation Considering the Regional Rupture Character.” Journal of Seismology 19 (3): 695–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-015-9488-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arango, M. C., M. W. Free, Z. A. Lubkowski, J. W. Pappin, R. M. W. Musson, G. Jones, and E. Hodge. (2012). “Comparing Predicted and Observed Ground Motions from UK Earthquakes.” In 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon.
   Google Scholar
• Bajaj, K., and P. Anbazhagan. 2019. “Regional Stochastic GMPE with Available Recorded Data for Active Region – Application to the Himalayan Region.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 126:105825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauval, C., H. Tasan, A. Laurendeau, E. Delavaud, F. Cotton, P. Gueguen, and N. Kuehn. 2012. “On the Testing of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations Against Small Magnitude Data.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 102 (5): 1994–2007. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bommer, J. J., J. Douglas, F. Scherbaum, F. Cotton, H. Bungum, and D. Fah. 2010. “On the Selection of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Seismic Hazard Analysis.” Seismological Research Letters 81 (5): 783–793. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.5.783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bommer, J. J., and F. Scherbaum. 2008. “The Use and Misuse of Logic-Trees in PSHA.” Earthquake Spectra 24 (4): 997–1009. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2977755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boore, M. D., and G. M. Atkinson. 2008. “Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for the Average Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, and 5%-Damped PSA at Spectral Periods Between 0.01 s and 10.0s.” Earthquake Spectra 24 (1): 99–138. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2830434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boore, D. M., J. P. Stewart, E. Seyhan, and G. M. Atkinson. 2014. “NGA-West2 Equations for Predicting PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped PSA for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra 30 (3): 1057–1085. https://doi.org/10.1193/070113EQS184M.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bykova, V. V. 2016. “On the Selection of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations During the Assessment of Seismic Hazard in Stable Continental Regions.” Seismic Instruments 52 (2): 135–143. https://doi.org/10.3103/S074792391602002X.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, K. W., and Y. Bozorgnia. 2008. “NGA Ground Motion Model for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% Damped Linear Elastic Response Spectra for Periods Ranging from 0.01 to 10s.” Earthquake Spectra 24 (1): 139–171. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2857546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, K. W., and Y. Bozorgnia. 2014. “NGA-West2 Ground Motion Model for the Average Horizontal Components of Pga, Pgv, and 5% Damped Linear Acceleration Response Spectra.” Earthquake Spectra 30 (3): 1087–1115. https://doi.org/10.1193/062913EQS175M.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou, B., and R. R. Youngs. 2008. “An NGA Model for the Average Horizontal Component of Peak Ground Motion and Response Spectra.” Earthquake Spectra 24 (1): 173–215. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2894832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou, B. S. J., and R. R. Youngs. 2014. “Update of the Chiou and Youngs Nga Model for the Average Horizontal Component of Peak Ground Motion and Response Spectra.” Earthquake Spectra 30 (3): 1117–1153. https://doi.org/10.1193/072813EQS219M.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotton, F., F. Scherbaum, J. J. Bommer, and H. Bungum. 2006. “Criteria for Selecting and Adjusting Ground-Motion Models for Specific Target Applications: Applications to Central Europe and Rock Sites.” Journal of Seismology 10:137–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-005-9006-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cover, T. M., and J. A. Thomas. 2006. Elements of Information Theory. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta, S., P. Pande, D. Ganguly, Z. Iqbal, K. Sanyal, N. V. Venaktraman, S. Dasgupta, et al. 2000. Seismotectonic Atlas of India and Its Environs. Geological Survey of India. Calcutta: Geological Survey of India.
   Google Scholar
• Delavaud, E., F. Scherbaum, N. Kuehn, and C. Riggelsen. 2009. “Information- Theoretic Selection of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Seismic Hazard Analysis: An Applicability Study Using California Data.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 99 (6): 3248–3263. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, J. 2007. “On the Regional Dependence of Earthquake Response Spectra.” ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology 44:71–99.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, J. 2022. “Ground Motion Prediction Equations 1964-2021.” http://www.gmpe.org.uk.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, A. W. F. 1992. Likelihood. Expanded ed. Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graizer, V., and E. Kalkan. 2016. “Summary of GK15 Ground-Motion Prediction Equation for Predicting PGA and 5% Damped SA from Shallow Crustal Continental Earthquakes.” Bulletin of Seismological Society of America 106 (2): 687–707. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, I. D. 2006. “Delineation of Probable Seismic Sources in India and Neighbourhood by a Comprehensive Analysis of Seismotectonic Characteristics of the Region.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 26 (8): 766–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.12.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, I. D., and M. D. Trifunac. 2018. “Empirical Scaling Relations for Pseudo Relative Veocity Spectra in Western Himalaya and Northeastern India.” Soil Dynamics and Earhquake Engineering 106:70–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintersberger, E., F. Scherbaum, and S. Hainzl. 2007. “Update of Likelihood-Based Ground-Motion Model Selection for Seismic Hazard Analysis in Western Central Europe.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 5 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9018-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idriss, I. M. 2008. “An NGA Empirical Model for Estimating the Horizontal Spectral Values Generated by Shallow Crustal Earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra 24 (1): 217–242. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2924362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idriss, I. M. 2014. “An NGA-West2 Empirical Model for Estimating the Horizontal Spectral Values Generated by Shallow Crustal Earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra 30 (3): 1155–1177. https://doi.org/10.1193/070613EQS195M.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kale, O., and S. Akkar. 2013. “A New Procedure for Selecting and Ranking Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs): The Euclidean Distance-Based Ranking (EDR) Method.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103 (2A): 1069–1084. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanno, T., A. Narita, N. Morikawa, H. Fujiwara, and Y. Fukushima. 2006. “A New Attenuation Releation for Strong Ground Motion in Japan Based on Recorded Data.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 96 (3): 879–897. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayal, J. R. 2010. “Himalayan Tectonic Model and the Great Earthquakes: An Appraisal.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 1 (1): 51–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475701003625752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayal, J. R. 2014. “Seismotectonics of the Great and Large Earthquakes in Himalaya.” Current Science 106 (2): 188–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayal, J. R., S. Baruah, D. Hazarika, and A. Das. 2022. “Recent Large and Strong Earthquakes in the Eastern Himalayas: An Appraisal on Seismotectonic Model.” Geological Journal 57 (12): 4929–4938. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowsari, M., B. Halldorsson, B. Hrafnkelsson, and S. Jonsson. 2019. “Selection of Earthquake Ground Motion Models Using the Deviance Information Criterion.” Soil Dynam Earthq Engg 117:288–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.11.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni, R. B., R. R. Youngs, and K. J. Coppersmith. 1984. “Assessment of Confidence Intervals for Results of Seismic Hazard Analysis.” 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 263–270.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, A., S. Singh, S. Mitra, K. F. Priestley, and S. Dayal. 2016. “The 2015 April 25 Gorkha (Nepal) Earthquake and Its Aftershocks: Implications for Lateral Heterogeneity on the Main Himalayan Thrust.” Geophysical Journal International 208 (2): 992–1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naresh, B., Venkatesh, K., and L. K. Mishra. (2021) “The Seismotectonic Setting of Indo-Gangetic Plain and Its Importance.” Seismic Hazards and Risk: Select Proceedings of 7th ICRAGEE 2020 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering) 116:187–196.
   Google Scholar
• Nath, S. K., K. Thingbaijam, S. Maity, and A. Nayak. 2012. “Ground-Motion Predictions in Shilong Region, North-East India.” Journal of Seismology 16 (3): 475–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9285-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak, M., and T. G. Sitharam. 2019. “Estimation and Spatial Mapping of Seismicity Parameters in Western Himalaya, Central Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic Plain.” Journal of Earth System Science 128 (3): 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1080-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nh, H., and A. Kumar. 2020. “Ground Motion Prediction Equation for North India, Applicabale for Different Site Classes.” Soil Dynamics and Earhquake Engineering 139:106425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherbaum, F., F. Cotton, and P. Smit. 2004. “On the Use of Response Spectral-Reference Data for the Selection and Ranking of Ground-Motion Models for Seismic-Hazard Analysis in Regions of Moderate Seismicity: The Case of Rock Motion.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94 (6): 2164–2185. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherbaum, F., E. Delavaud, and C. Riggelsen. 2009. “Model Selection in Seismic Hazard Analysis: An Information- Theoretic Perspective.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 99 (6): 3234–3247. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, M. L., J. Douglas, H. Bungum, and J. Kotadia. 2009. “Groung Motion Prediction Equations Based on Data from the Himalayan and Zagros Region.” Journal of Earthquaje Engineering 13 (8): 1191–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460902859151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S. K., D. Srinagesh, D. Srinivas, D. Arroyo, R. K. Chadha, X. PC, G. Suresh, and G. Suresh. 2017. “Strong Ground Motion in the Indo-Gangetic Plains During the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Sequence and Its Prediction During Future Earthquakes.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107 (3): 1293–1306. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, S., and S. Selvan. 2022. “An Improved Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of Tripura, India.” Pure and Applied Geophysics 179 (12): 4371–4393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-03176-9.
   Google Scholar
• Slejko, D., and A. Rebez. 2002. “Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment and Deterministic Ground Shaking Scenarios for Vittorio Veneto (N.E.Italy).” Bollettino de Geofisica Teorica ed Applcata 43:263–280.
   Google Scholar
• Stafford, P. J., F. O. Strasser, and J. J. Bommer. 2008. “An Evaluation of the Applicability of the NGA Models to Ground-Motion Prediction in the Euro-Mediterranean Region.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 6 (2): 149–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9053-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasser, F. O., N. A. Abrahamson, and J. J. Bommer. 2009. “Sigma: Issues, Insights and Challenges.” Seismological Research Letters 80 (1): 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.1.40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessel, P., F. J. Luis, L. Uieda, R. Scharroo, F. Wobbe, W. H. F. Smith, and D. Tian. 2019. “The Generic Mapping Tools Version 6.” Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 20 (11): 5556–5564. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J. X., J. Zhang, A. Asano, Y. Ohno, T. Oouchi, T. Takahashi, H. Ogawa, et al. 2006. “Attentuation Relations of Strong Ground Motion in Japan Using Site Classification Based on Predominant Period.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 96 (3): 898–913. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J. X., S. L. Zhou, P. J. Gao, Y. B. Zhang, J. Zhou, M. Lu, and D. A. Rhoades. 2016. “Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Shallow Crustal and Upper Mantle Earthquakes in Japan Using Site Class and Simple Geometric Attenuation Functions.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 106 (4): 1552–1569. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar