Integration through crossing circles natives’ opportunity pools and diversification of friendships in a transforming Europe

References

• Alba, R. 2020. The Great Demographic Illusion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alba, R., and V. Nee. 1997. “Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration.” International Migration Review 31 (4): 826–874. doi:10.1177/019791839703100403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allport, G. W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. 1997. “Immigration.” Acculturation, and Adaptation. Applied Psychology 46 (1): 5–34. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. 2001. “A Psychology of Immigration.” Journal of Social Issues 57 (3): 615–631. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell, D. L., and D. T. Lichter. 2004. “Homogamy among Dating, Cohabiting, and Married Couples.” The Sociological Quarterly 45 (4): 719–737. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02311.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. 1974. “Presidential Address: Parameters of Social Structure.” American Sociological Review 39 (5): 615–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. 1994. Structural Contexts of Opportunities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M., and J. E. Schwartz. 1984. Crosscutting Social Circles: Testing a Macrostructural Theory of Intergroup Relations. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Breidahl, K. N. 2017. “Scandinavian Exceptionalism? Civic Integration and Labour Market Activation for Newly Arrived Immigrants.” Comparative Migration Studies 5 (2). doi:10.1186/s40878-016-0045-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breznau, N., and M. A. Eger. 2016. “Immigrant Presence, Group Boundaries, and Support for the Welfare State in Western European Societies.” Acta Sociologica 59 (3): 195–214. doi:10.1177/0001699316645168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castles, S., H. d. Haas, and M. J. Miller. 2014. The age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, edited by S. Castles. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Crowder, K. 2000. “The Racial Context of White Mobility: An Individual-Level Assessment of the White Flight Hypothesis.” Social Science Research 29 (2): 223–257. doi:10.1006/ssre.1999.0668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg, M., K. Edmark, and H. Lundqvist. 2012. “Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution.” Journal of Political Economy 120 (1): 41–76. doi:10.1086/665800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drouhot, L. G., and V. Nee. 2019. “Assimilation and the Second Generation in Europe and America: Blending and Segregating Social Dynamics Between Immigrants and Natives.” Annual Review of Sociology 45: 177–199. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunbar, R. I. 1992. “Neocortex Size as a Constraint on Group Size in Primates.” Journal of Human Evolution 22 (6): 469–493. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey, W. H. 1979. “Central City White Flight: Racial and Nonracial Causes.” American Sociological Review 44 (3): 425–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. M. 1964. Assimilation in American Life the Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (6): 1360–1380. doi:10.1086/225469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hainmueller, J., and D. J. Hopkins. 2014. “Public Attitudes Toward Immigration.” Annual Review of Political Science 17: 225–249. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-102512-194818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häußermann, H. 2007. “Ihre Parallelgesellschaften, Unser Problem.” Leviathan 35 (4): 458–469. doi:10.1007/s11578-007-0027-1.
   Google Scholar
• Hedegaard, T. F., and C. A. Larsen. 2022. “Public Opinion about Migrant-selection in Northern Europe.” In Migrants and Welfare States: Balancing Dilemmas in Northern Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstra, B. 2022. “Interethnic Weak Ties Online and out-Group Attitudes among Dutch Ethnic Majority Adolescents.” European Societies 24 (4): 463–492. doi:10.1080/14616696.2022.2077974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, K. K., C. Fernández, and G. Brochmann. 2017. “Nationhood and Scandinavian Naturalization Politics: Varieties of the Civic Turn.” Citizenship Studies 21 (5): 606–624. doi:10.1080/13621025.2017.1330399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez, T. 2017. The Other Side of Assimilation: How Immigrants are Changing American Life. Oakland: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kalmijn, M. 1998. “Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 395–421. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogan, I. 2006. “Labor Markets and Economic Incorporation among Recent Immigrants in Europe.” Social Forces 85 (2): 697–721. doi:10.1353/sof.2007.0014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogan, I. 2007. Working Through Barriers: Host Country Institutions and Immigrant Labour Market Performance in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kongshøj, K.. 2021. Inter-and Intragenerational Cleavages in National Identity in Denmark. National Identity and Social Cohesion 93. Colchester: ECPR Press
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, C. A. 2016. Den danske republik. Foranderinger i danskernes nationale forestillinger (The Danish Republic: Changes in the Danes' national Perceptions Trans.). Hans Reitzel.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, J. F., and C. A. Larsen. 2022. Herkomst blandt 0–16-årige bosat i Danmark: Stigende etnisk diversitet og koncentration fra 1985 til 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, R. L. 2019. Dissecting the local: Territorial Scale and the Social Mechanisms of Place.
   Google Scholar
• Marsden, P. V. 1987. “Core Discussion Networks of Americans.” American Sociological Review 52 (1): 122–131. doi:10.2307/2095397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson, M., L. Smith-Lovin, and J. M. Cook. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 21 (1): 415–444. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415.
   Google Scholar
• Meuleman, B., E. Davidov, and J. Billiet. 2009. “Changing Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach.” Social Science Research 38 (2): 352–365. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.09.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mize, T. D. 2019. “Best Practices for Estimating, Interpreting, and Presenting Nonlinear Interaction Effects.” Sociological Science 6: 81–117. doi:10.15195/v6.a4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouw, T., and B. Entwisle. 2006. “Residential Segregation and Interracial Friendship in Schools.” American Journal of Sociology 112 (2): 394–441. doi:10.1086/506415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen Arendt, J., C. Dustmann, and H. Ku. 2022. Refugee Migration and the Labor Market: Lessons from 40 Years of Post-arrival Policies in Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Paluck, E. L., S. A. Green, and D. Green. 2018. The Contact Hypothesis Reevaluated. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/W2JKF
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., and L. R. Tropp. 2005. “Intergroup Contact: When Does It Work, and Why?” In On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years After Allport, edited by J. F. Dovidio, P. S. Glick, and L. A. Rudman, 262–277. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., and L. R. Tropp. 2006. “A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 (5): 751–783. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, Z., and D. T. Lichter. 2007. “Social Boundaries and Marital Assimilation: Interpreting Trends in Racial and Ethnic Intermarriage.” American Sociological Review 72 (1): 68–94. doi:10.1177/000312240707200104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qvist, H. Y., and J. Y. Qvist. 2021. “Mixed Union Formation Among 1.5 and Second-generation Immigrants in Denmark: The Role of Cultural Proximity and Opportunity Structures.” SocArXiv. doi:10.31235/osf.io/pb5mk.
   Google Scholar
• Ruedin, D. 2020. “Do we Need Multiple Questions to Capture Feeling Threatened by Immigrants?” Political Research Exchange 2 (1): Article 1758576. doi:10.1080/2474736X.2020.1758576.
   Google Scholar
• Rybak, A., and F. T. McAndrew. 2006. “How do we Decide Whom our Friends are? Defining Levels of Friendship in Poland and the United States.” The Journal of Social Psychology 146 (2): 147–163. doi:10.3200/SOCP.146.2.147-163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, B. H., K. Dixon, and S. Udvari. 2007. “Closeness and Competition in the Inter-Ethnic and co-Ethnic Friendships of Early Adolescents in Toronto and Montreal.” The Journal of Early Adolescence 27 (1): 115–138. doi:10.1177/0272431606294822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmel, G. [1908] 1992. Soziologie. Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung. Ders.Gesamtausgabe.Bd, 11.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S., F. Van Tubergen, I. Maas, and D. A. McFarland. 2016. “Ethnic Composition and Friendship Segregation: Differential Effects for Adolescent Natives and Immigrants.” American Journal of Sociology 121 (4): 1223–1272. doi:10.1086/684032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titzmann, P. F., and R. K. Silbereisen. 2009. “Friendship Homophily among Ethnic German Immigrants: A Longitudinal Comparison Between Recent and More Experienced Immigrant Adolescents.” Journal of Family Psychology 23: 301–310. doi:10.1037/a0015493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbrugge, L. M. 1977. “The Structure of Adult Friendship Choices.” Social Forces 56 (2): 576–597. doi:10.2307/2577741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten, M., and B. Martinovic. 2016. “Dual Identity, in-Group Projection, and out-Group Feelings among Ethnic Minority Groups.” European Journal of Social Psychology 46 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windzio, M., and E. Bicer. 2013. “Are we Just Friends? Immigrant Integration Into High-and low-Cost Social Networks.” Rationality and Society 25 (2): 123–145. doi:10.1177/10434631134812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar