Representing diversity in a liberal democracy: a case study of Australia

References

• Ager, A., and A. Strang. 2008. “Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies 21 (2): 166–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akoglu, H. 2018. “User’s Guide to Correlation Coefficients.” Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 18 (3): 91–93. doi:10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andeweg, R. B., and J. Thomassen. 2005. “Modes of Political Representation: Toward a new Typology.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 30 (4): 507–528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2022. Census of Population and Housing: Cultural Diversity Data Summary, 2021 - Table 4. Ancestry by State and Territory. Released 28 June 2022. Retrieved 30/08/2023 from https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/latest-release.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Electoral Commission. 2011. Compulsory Voting in Australia [Updated 14 February 2011]. Retrieved 24/09/2023 from https://www.aec.gov.au/about_aec/publications/voting/.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Electoral Commission. 2022. Preferential Voting [Updated 28 April 2022]. Retrieved 24/09/2023 from https://www.aec.gov.au/learn/preferential-voting.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Electoral Commission. 2023. House of Representatives to Return to 150 Members [Updated 27 July 2023]. Retrieved 26/09/2023 from https://www.aec.gov.au/media/2023/07-27.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Human Rights Commission. 2018. Leading for Change: A Blueprint for Cultural Diversity and Inclusive Leadership Revisited. Retrieved 31/08/2023 from https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race-discrimination/publications/leading-change-blueprint-cultural-diversity-and-0.
   Google Scholar
• Biddle, N., and I. McAllister. 2022. Explaining the 2022 Australian Federal Election Result. Canberra, Australia: the ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods. Retrieved 23/09/2023 from https://csrm.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/2022/6/Explaining_the_2022_election_result.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bilodeau, A. 2008. “Immigrants’ Voice Through Protest Politics in Canada and Australia: Assessing the Impact of pre-Migration Political Repression.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34 (6): 975–1002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilodeau, A., I. McAllister, and M. Kanji. 2010. “Adaptation to Democracy among Immigrants in Australia.” International Political Science Review 31 (2): 141–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, K. 2016. “Intersections of Exclusion: The Institutional Dynamics of Combined Gender and Ethnic Quota Systems.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 4 (2): 284–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, K., T. Saalfeld, and A. Wüst. 2011. The Political Representation of Immigrants and Minorities. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bloemraad, I. 2015. “Theorizing and Analyzing Citizenship in Multicultural Societies.” The Sociological Quarterly 56 (4): 591–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloemraad, I., and K. Schönwälder. 2013. “Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Representation in Europe: Conceptual Challenges and Theoretical Approaches.” West European Politics 36 (3): 564–579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochsler, D. 2007. “Electoral Rules and the Representation of Ethnic Minorities in Post-Communist Democracies.” European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 7 (1), doi:10.1163/22116117-90001632.
   Google Scholar
• Bochsler, D. 2010. “Electoral Rules and the Representation of Ethnic Minorities in Post-Communist Democracies.” European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 7 (2007/8): 153–180.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, D. E., and D. Stokes. 1969. Political Change in Britain. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, S. 2020. “Government Performance and Dissatisfaction with Democracy in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 55 (2): 170–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, A., P. E. Converse, W. E. Miller, and D. E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, E. 2015. “Ethnic Voting and Accountability in Africa: A Choice Experiment in Uganda.” World Politics 67 (2): 353–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centre of Multicultural Political Engagement, Literacy, and Leadership (COMPELL). 2022. Federal Election 2022 – Results and Data (As of June 28, 2022). Retrieved 23/07/2022 from https://compell.com.au/federal-election-2022/.
   Google Scholar
• Crisp, B. F., B. Demirkaya, L. A. Schwindt-Bayer, and C. Millian. 2018. “The Role of Rules in Representation: Group Membership and Electoral Incentives.” British Journal of Political Science 48: 47–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denemark, D. 2000. “Partisan Pork Barrel in Parliamentary Systems: Australian Constiuency-Level Grants.” The Journal of Politics 62 (3): 896–915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning, T., and L. Harrison. 2010. “Cross-cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Voting: An Experimental Study of Cousinage in Mali.” American Political Science Review 104 (1): 21–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E., and D. Cutts. 2008. “Diversity, Density and Turnout: The Effect of Neighbourhood Ethno-Religious Composition on Voter Turnout in Britain.” Political Geography 27 (5): 530–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geese, L., and D. Schacht. 2019. “The More Concentrated, the Better Represented? The Geographical Concentration of Immigrants and Their Descriptive Representation in the German Mixed-Member System.” International Political Science Review 40 (5): 643–658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, A. 2017. “The Senate.” In The 2016 Australian Federal Election, edited by A. Gauja, P. Chen, J. Curtin, and J. Pietsch. Canberra: ANU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guan, Q. 2019. “Measuring the Spatial Integration of the China-Born Population in Australia, 1981-2016.” Journal of Population Research 36 (4): 319–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbing, J., and E. Theiss-Morse. 2002. Stealth Democracy: Americans’ Beliefs About How Government Should Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hochschild, J., and J. Mollenkopf2009. Bringing Outsiders In: Transatlantic Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation. Ithaca: Cornell University.
   Google Scholar
• Houle, C., C. Park, and P. D. Kenny. 2019. “The Structure of Ethnic Inequality and Ethnic Voting.” The Journal of Politics 81 (1): 187–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, J. D. 2012. “Measuring Ethnic Voting: Do Proportional Electoral Laws Politicize Ethnicity?” American Journal of Political Science 56 (4): 986–1001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hugo, G. 2004. A New Paradigm of International Migration: Implications for Migration Policy and Planning in Australia. (Information, Analysis and Advice for the Parliament Research Paper No. 10). Retrieved 21/03/2023 from https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22library/prspub/3O0C6%22.
   Google Scholar
• Jupp, J. 1995. “From White Australia’ to ‘Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy Towards the Region.” International Migration Review 24 (1): 207–228.
   Google Scholar
• Jupp, J. 2003. How Well Does Australian Democracy Serve Immigrant Australians (Democratic Audit of Australia, Report No. 1). Canberra: Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies, The Australian National University. https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2003-10/apo-nid8539.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, J. 2021. predictrace: Predict the Race and Gender of a Given Name Using Census and Social Security Administration Data. https://github.com/jacobkap/predictrace.
   Google Scholar
• Krobe, C. 2018. “How to Measure the Substantive Representation of Traditionally Excluded Groups in Comparative Research: A Literature Review and new Data.” Journal of Representative Democracy 54 (3): 241–259.
   Google Scholar
• Lien, P., M. Conway, and J. Wong. 2004. The Politics of Asian Americans: Diversity and Community. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Manatschal, A., and J. Bernauer. 2016. “Consenting to Exclude? Empirical Patterns of Democracy and Immigrant Integration Policy.” West European Politics 39 (2), doi:10.1080/01402382.2015.1046669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbridge, J. 2011. “Clarifying the Concept of Representation.” American Political Science Review 105 (3): 621–630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez I Coma, F., and I. Lago. 2021. “Sacrificial Lambs or Candidate Mimicking? Gender-Based Nomination Strategies in Elections.” Party Politics, doi:10.1177/135068821998235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez I Coma, F., and D. McDonnell. 2021. “Australian Parties, not Voters, Drive Under-Representation of Women.” Parliamentary Affairs, doi:10.1093/pa/gsab042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). 2015. The Integration of Immigrants Into American Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, P. 2011. Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, P., and J. Lovenduski. 1995. Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pande, R. 2003. “Can Mandated Political Representation Increase Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India.” American Economic Review 93 (4): 1132–1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantoja, A. D., and G. M. Segura. 2003. “Does ethnicity matter? Descriptive representation in the statehouse and political alienation among Latinos.” Social Science Quarterly 84: 441–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pharr, S. J., R. D. Putnam, and R. J. Dalton. 2000. “A Quarter-Century of Declining Confidence.” Journal of Democracy 11 (2): 5–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, A. 1995. The Politics of Presence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J. 2016. “Trends in Migrant and Ethnic Minority Voting in Australia: Findings from the Australian Election Study.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (14): 2463–2480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J. 2017a. “Explaining the Political Under-Representation of Asian Australians: Geographical Concentration and Voting Patterns.” Political Science 69 (2): 161–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J. 2017b. “Trends in Migrant and Ethnic Minority Voting in Australia: Findings from the Australian Election Study.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (14): 2463–2480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J. 2018. Race, Ethnicity and the Participation Gap: Understanding Australia’s Political Complexion. Toronto: the University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J. 2022. Temporary Migrants from Southeast Asia in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J., B. Graetz, and I. McAllister. 2010. Dimensions of Australian Society: Third Edition. Melbourne: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Pietsch, J., and I. McAllister. 2016. ‘How Strong is the Bond? First and Second-Generation Immigrants and Confidence in Australia Political Institutions.’ In The Political Immigrant, Edited by Antoine Bilodeau, 111-128. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pitkin, H. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: the University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan, K., and T. Espenshade. 2001. “Immigrant Incorporation and Political Participation in the United States.” International Migration Review 35 (3): 870–909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymer, J., X. Bai, and N. Liu. 2020. “The Dynamic Complexity of Australia’s Immigration and Emigration Flows from 1981 to 2016.” Journal of Population Research 37: 213–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymer, J., Y. Shi, Q. Guan, B. Baffour, and T. Wilson. 2018. “The Sources and Diversity of Immigrant Population Change in Australia, 1981–2011.” Demography 55 (5): 1777–1802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehfeld, A. 2011. “The Concepts of Representation.” American Political Science Review 105 (3): 631–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruedin, D. 2016. The Political Participation of Immigrants. Ruedin, Didier, The Political Participation of Immigrants. Retrieved 8/10/23 from doi:10.2139/ssrn.2713468.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, M., and A. Haslam. 2005. “The Glass Cliff: Evidence That Women are Over-Represented in Precarious Leadership Positions.” British Journal of Management 16: 81–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, M., A. Haslam, and C. Kulich. 2010. “Politics and the Glass Cliff: Evidence That Women are Preferentially Selected to Contest Hard-to-win Seats.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 34 (1): 56–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon Institute. 2022. Mapping Social Cohesion 2022. Retrieved 31/08/2023 from https://scanloninstitute.org.au/mapping-social-cohesion-2022.
   Google Scholar
• Teney, C., D. Jacobs, A. Rea, and P. Delwit. 2010. “Ethnic Voting in Brussels: Voting Patterns among Ethnic Minorities in Brussels (Belgium) During the 2006 Local Elections.” Acta Politica 45 (3): 273–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillie, J. 2004. “Social Capital of Organisations and Their Members: Explaining the Political Integration of Immigrants in Amsterdam.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30 (3): 529–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzioumis, K. 2018. “Demographic Aspects of First Names.” Scientific Data 5: 180025. doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Association of Australia. 2021. Why Does the BLM Movement Matter in Australia? UNAA Queensland Peace and Security Program. Retrieved 10/10/2023 from https://www.unaa.org.au/2021/11/03/why-does-the-blm-movement-matter-in-australia/.
   Google Scholar