Metabolic syndrome during female midlife: what are the risks?

References

• Marañon G. Über hypertonie und zuckerkrankheit. Zentralblatt Für Innere Medizin 1922;43:169–76
   Google Scholar
• Kylin ES. Studien ueber das hypertonie-hyperglykaemie-hyperurikaemiesyndrom. Zentralblatt Für Innere Medizin 1923;44:105–27
   Google Scholar
• Ervin RB. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults 20 years of age and over, by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index: United States, 2003–2006. Natl Health Stat Rep 2009;13:1–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998;15:539–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Brussels: IDF Communications; 2006. www.idf.org
   Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on epidemiology and prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120:1640–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. Nutrition and health during mid-life: searching for solutions and meeting challenges for the aging population. Climacteric 2013;16:85–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju SY, Jeong HS, Kim DH. Blood vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome in the general adult population: a dose-response meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:1053–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remely M, Haslberger AG. The microbial epigenome in metabolic syndrome. Mol Asp Med 2017;54:717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand TW, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Ridaura VK, et al. Linking the microbiota, chronic disease, and the immune system. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016;27:831–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong S, Wong CA, Perrin E, et al. Association of physical activity with income, race/ethnicity, and sex among adolescents and young adults in the United States: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2016. JAMA Pediatr 2018;172:732–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Shankar K, Patel S, et al. Chronic hyperinsulinemia promotes meta-inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in adipose tissue: Implications of nitric oxide. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018;477:15–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matta J, Hoertel N, Kesse-Guyot E, et al. Diet and physical activity in the association between depression and metabolic syndrome: Constances study. J Affect Disord 2019;244:25–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, The metabolic syndrome in mid-aged women. In: Cano A, editor. Menopause: A comprehensive approach, Berlin: Springer; 2017, pp 141–158
   Google Scholar
• Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1113–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sowers M, Zheng H, Tomey K, et al. Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:895–901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trikudanathan S, Pedley A, Massaro JM, et al. Association of female reproductive factors with body composition: the Framingham Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:236–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidalgo LA, Chedraui PA, Morocho N, et al. The metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in Ecuador. Gynecol Endocrinol 2006;22:447–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royer M, Castelo-Branco C, Blümel JE, et al. The US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III): prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal Latin American women. Climacteric 2007;10:164–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Alonso AM, Cuadros JL, Chedraui P, et al. Obesity is related to increased menopausal symptoms among Spanish women. Menopause Int 2010;16:105–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pu D, Tan R, Yu Q, et al. Metabolic syndrome in menopause and associated factors: a meta-analysis. Climacteric 2017;20:583–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurka MJ, Vishnu A, Santen RJ, et al. Progression of metabolic syndrome severity during the menopausal transition. J Am Heart Assoc 2016;5:pii:e003609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuadros JL, Fernández-Alonso AM, Chedraui P, et al. Metabolic and hormonal parameters in post-menopausal women 10 years after transdermal oestradiol treatment, alone or combined to micronized oral progesterone. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011;27:156–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomikoski P, Savolainen-Peltonen H. Vasomotor symptoms and metabolic syndrome. Maturitas 2017;97:61–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muka T, Oliver-Williams C, Colpani V, et al. Association of vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms with risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016;11:e0157417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herber-Gast G, Brown WJ, Mishra GD. Hot flushes and night sweats are associated with coronary heart disease risk in midlife: a longitudinal study. BJOG 2015;122:1560–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu KJ, Park HT, Kwon DH, et al. Vasomotor symptoms and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women. Menopause 2015;22:1239–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk GM, Maneva M, Colpani V, et al. The association between vasomotor symptoms and metabolic health in peri- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review. Maturitas 2015;80:140–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llaneza P, García-Portilla MP, Llaneza-Suárez D, et al. Depressive disorders and the menopause transition. Maturitas 2012;71:120–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldbacher EM, Bromberger J, Matthews KA. Lifetime history of major depression predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. Psychosom Med 2009;71:266–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P, Hidalgo L, Chavez D, et al. Menopausal symptoms and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women screened for the metabolic syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007;275:161–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Womack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS, et al. A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Psychosom Med 2016;78:867–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulvahill JS, Nicol GE, Dixon D, et al. Effect of metabolic syndrome on late-life depression: associations with disease severity and treatment resistance. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017;65:2651–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez-Santos C, Saura CB, Lucas JA, et al. Menopause status is associated with circadian- and sleep-related alterations. Menopause 2016;23:682–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR, Escobar GS, et al. Research Group for the Omega Women's Health Project. Circulating leptin, resistin, adiponectin, visfatin, adipsin and ghrelin levels and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with and without the metabolic syndrome. Maturitas 2014;79:86–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Villacreses D, et al. Assessment of insomnia and related risk factors in postmenopausal women screened for the metabolic syndrome. Maturitas 2013;74:154–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin SC, Sun CA, You SL, et al. The link of self-reported insomnia symptoms and sleep duration with metabolic syndrome: a Chinese Population-Based Study. Sleep 2016;39:1261–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:629–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambrinoudaki I, Kazani A, Armeni E, et al. The metabolic syndrome is associated with carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in asymptomatic, nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018;34:78–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meun C, Franco OH, Dhana K, et al. High androgens in postmenopausal women and the risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease: The Rotterdam Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103:1622–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P. Obesity during female midlife. Climacteric 2018;21:1–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, et al. ATTICA Study Group. Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016;26:223–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleimani A, Pourmoghaddas A, Sadeghi M, et al. Risk and age of cardiovascular event in women with metabolic syndrome: menopause age in focus. Metab Syndr. Relat Disord 2018;16:127–34
   Google Scholar
• Bruno G, Merletti F, Biggeri A, et al. Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Casale Monferrato Study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:689–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar N, McConnachie A, Shaper AG, et al. Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome data from two prospective studies. Lancet 2008;371:1927–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P, Jaramillo W, Pérez-López FR, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011;27:685–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sook Lee E, Park SS, Kim E, et al. Association between adiponectin levels and coronary heart disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2013;42:1029–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chedraui P, Escobar GS, Pérez-López FR, et al. Research Group for the Omega Women's Health Project. Angiogenesis, inflammation and endothelial function in postmenopausal women screened for the metabolic syndrome. Maturitas 2014;77:370–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgousopoulou EN, Kouli GM, Panagiotakos DB, et al. Anti-inflammatory diet and 10-year (2002-2012) cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study. Int J Cardiol 2016;222:473–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouli GM, Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, et al. J-shaped relationship between habitual coffee consumption and 10-year (2002-2012) cardiovascular disease incidence: the ATTICA study. Eur J Nutr 2018;57:1677–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Gilbert JJ, et al. Cardiovascular risk in menopausal women and prevalent related co-morbid conditions: facing the post-Women’s Health Initiative era. Fertil Steril 2009;92:1171–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-López FR, Larrad-Mur L, Kallen A, et al. Gender differences in cardiovascular disease: hormonal and biochemical influences. Reprod Sci 2010;17:511–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodard GA, Brooks MM, Barinas-Mitchell E, et al. Lipids, menopause, and early atherosclerosis in Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation Heart Women. Menopause 2011;18:376–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng TP, Feng L, Nyunt MS, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia: follow-up of the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study Cohort. JAMA Neurol 2016;73:456–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng L, Chong MS, Lim WS, et al. Metabolic syndrome and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study-2 findings. JAD 2013;34:649–57
   Google Scholar
• Solfrizzi V, Scafato E, Capurso C, et al. Metabolic syndrome, mild cognitive impairment, and progression to dementia. The Italian Longitudinal Study on aging. Neurobiol Aging 2011;32:1932–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai CK, Kao TW, Lee JT, et al. Increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with components of metabolic syndrome. Medicine 2016;95:e4791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exalto LG, van der Flier WM, van Boheemen CJM, et al. The metabolic syndrome in a memory clinic population: relation with clinical profile and prognosis. J Neurol Sci 2015;351:18–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Haya J, et al. Effects of the Mediterranean diet on longevity and age-related morbid conditions. Maturitas 2009;64:67–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Cano A, Mier-Cabrera J, Balas-Nakash M, et al. Dietary changes associated with improvement of metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women receiving two different nutrition interventions. Menopause 2015;22:758–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva Alexandre T, de Oliveira Duarte YA, Ferreira Santos JL, et al. Sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) versus dynapenia as a risk factor for mortality in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging 2014;18:751–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward E, Gold EB, Johnson WO. Patterns of cardiometabolic health as midlife women transition to menopause: a prospective multi-ethnic study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018. Oct 25. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00941. Epub ahead of print
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acosta-Manzano P, Segura-Jiménez V, Coll-Risco I, et al. Association of sedentary time and physical fitness with ideal cardiovascular health in perimenopausal women: The FLAMENCO project. Maturitas 2019;120:53–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Vecino B, Arija-Blázquez A, Pedrero-Chamizo R, et al. EXERNET Group. Sleep disturbance, obesity, physical fitness and quality of life in older women: EXERNET study group. Climacteric 2017;20:72–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bueno-Notivol J, Calvo-Latorre J, Alonso-Ventura V, et al. Health Outcomes and Systematic Analyses (HOUSSAY) Project. Effect of programmed exercise on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause 2017;24:1404–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-López FR, Martínez-Domínguez SJ, Lajusticia H, et al. Effects of programmed exercise on depressive symptoms in midlife and older women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2017;106:38–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio-Arias JÁ, Marín-Cascales E, Ramos-Campo DJ, et al. Effect of exercise on sleep quality and insomnia in middle-aged women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2017;100:49–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar