Prevalence of poor body image and its correlation with self-esteem and depression in middle-aged women

References

• Shinan-Altman S, Werner P. Subjective age and its correlates among middle-aged and older adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2019;88(1):3–21. doi: 10.1177/0091415017752941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infurna FJ, Gerstorf D, Lachman ME. Midlife in the 2020s: opportunities and challenges. Am Psychol. 2020;75(4):470–485. doi: 10.1037/amp0000591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodin J, Silberstein L, Striegel-Moore R. Women and weight: a normative discontent. Nebr Symp Motiv. 1984;32:267–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall G, Phillips TJ. Estrogen and skin: the effects of estrogen, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(4):555–568. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolognia JL, Braverman IM, Rousseau ME, et al. Skin changes in menopause. Maturitas. 1989;11(4):295–304. doi: 10.1016/0378-5122(89)90026-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrisler JC, Ghiz L. Body image issues of older women. Women Ther. 1993;14(1–2):67–75. doi: 10.1300/J015v14n01_07.
   Google Scholar
• Slevec JH, Tiggemann M. Predictors of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in middle-aged women. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(4):515–524. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runfola CD, Von Holle A, Trace SE, et al. Body dissatisfaction in women across the lifespan: results of the UNC-SELF and gender and body image (GABI) studies. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2013;21(1):52–59. doi: 10.1002/ERV.2201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millstein RA, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, et al. Relationships between body size satisfaction and weight control practices among US adults. Medscape J. 2008;10(5):119. PMID: 18596944; PMCID: 2438482.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson LA, Eyler AA, Galuska DA, et al. Relationship of satisfaction with body size and trying to lose weight in a national survey of overweight and obese women aged 40 and older, United States. Prev Med. 2002;35(4):390–396. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2002.1079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erbil N. Attitudes towards menopause and depression, body image of women during menopause. Alex J Med. 2018;54(3):241–246. doi: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.05.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman EW. Associations of depression with the transition to menopause. Menopause. 2010;17(4):823–827. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181db9f8b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yangin HB, Sözer GA, Sengün N, et al. The relationship between depression and sexual function in menopause period. Maturitas. 2008;61(3):233–237. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.09.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng LN, Yang Y, Feng Y, et al. The prevalence of depression in menopausal women in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Affect Disord. 2019;256:337–343. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami P. Ageing and its effect on body-self image, mood and self esteem of middle age women and older women. IOSR-JHSS. 2013;18(5):53–73. doi: 10.9790/0837-1855373.
   Google Scholar
• Olchowska-Kotala A. Body esteem and self-esteem in middle-aged women. J Women Aging. 2018;30(5):417–427. doi: 10.1080/08952841.2017.1313012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsberg RL, Tinker L, Liu J, et al. Prevalence and correlates of body image dissatisfaction in postmenopausal women. Women Health. 2016;56(1):23–47. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1074636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George T. Menopause: some interpretations of the results of a study among a non-Western group. Maturitas. 1988;10(2):109–116. doi: 10.1016/0378-5122(88)90155-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho SC, Chan SG, Yip YB, et al. Menopausal symptoms and symptom clustering in chinese women. Maturitas. 1999;33(3):219–227. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00056-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George T. Women in a South indian fishing village: role identity, continuity, and the experience of menopause. Health Care Women Int. 1996;17(4):271–279. doi: 10.1080/07399339609516244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Number of households in India with a disposable income of $10,000 or more (1990–present). Source: Euromonitor International National Statistics/UN on the World Economic Forum. n.d. [cited 2022 Jun 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/y7tysq2q
   Google Scholar
• All India Survey on Higher Education. 2019–2020. Department of Higher Education, Government of India. 2022. [cited 2022 Jun 26]. Available from: https://aishe.gov.in/aishe/home
   Google Scholar
• National Family Health Survey -1 (1990–1992). Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Government of India. n.d. [cited 2022 Jun 26]. Available from: http://rchiips.org/nfhs/data/india1/iachap5.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Family Health Survey- 5. 2019–2021. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2022. [cited 2022 Jun 26]. Available from: https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/library/resource/national-family-health-survey-nfhs-5-2019-21-compendium-of-fact-sheets-key-indicators–-india-and-14-statesuts-phase-ii
   Google Scholar
• Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, et al. Executive summary: stages of reproductive aging workshop (STRAW). Fertil Steril. 2001;76(5):874–878. doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02909-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hopwood P, Fletcher I, Lee A, et al. A body image scale for use with cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37(2):189–197. doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00353-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel M, Mellen C, O’Sullivan DM, et al. Impact of pessary use on prolapse symptoms, quality of life, and body image. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(5):499.e1–499.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.01.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segedi LM, Ilić KP, Curcić A, et al. Quality of life in women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2011;68(11):940–947. doi: 10.2298/VSP1111940M.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stead ML, Fountain J, Napp V, et al. Psychometric properties of the body image scale in women with benign gynaecological conditions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004;114(2):215–220. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.10.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra D, De La Garza R, Lacourt TE. Clinical relevance of a body image scale cut point of 10 as an indicator of psychological distress in cancer patients: results from a psychiatric oncology clinic. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(1):231–237. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05491-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. 1965. [cited 2022 Jun 26]. Available from: https://fetzer.org/sites/default/files/images/stories/pdf/selfmeasures/Self_Measures_for_Self-Esteem_ROSENBERG_SELF-ESTEEM.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Beck Depression Inventory, American Psychological Association. n.d. [cited 2022 Jun 26]. Available from: https://www.ismanet.org/doctoryourspirit/pdfs/Beck-Depression-Inventory-BDI.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rhondali W, Chisholm GB, Filbet M, et al. Screening for body image dissatisfaction in patients with advanced cancer: a pilot study. J Palliat Med. 2015;18(2):151–156. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2013.0588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson KL, Janssen I, Appelhans BM, et al. Body image satisfaction and depression in midlife women: the study of women’s health across the nation (SWAN). Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014;17(3):177–187. doi: 10.1007/s00737-014-0416-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren L, Kuh D. Body dissatisfaction in midlife women. J Women Aging. 2004;16(1–2):35–54. doi: 10.1300/J074v16n01_04.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch PB, Mansfield PK, Thurau D, et al. “Feeling frumpy”: the relationships between body image and sexual response changes in midlife women. J Sex Res. 2005;42(3):215–223. doi: 10.1080/00224490509552276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks AA, McCabe MP. Menopausal stage and age and perceptions of body image. Psychol Health. 2001;16:367–379. doi: 10.1080/08870440108405513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JS, Kang S. A study on body image, sexual quality of life, depression, and quality of life in Middle-aged adults. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2015;9(2):96–103. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2014.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Majd HA, et al. The relationship between postmenopausal women’s body image and the severity of menopausal symptoms. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1599. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11643-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamiri-Miandoab N, Kamalifard M, Mirghafourvand M. Relationship of self-esteem with body image and attitudes toward motherhood and pregnancy. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2022;60(10):29–37. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20220330-01.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brechan I, Kvalem IL. Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: mediating role of self-esteem and depression. Eat Behav. 2015;17:49–58. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar