Learning to Protect? Identifying Elicitive Approaches in Protection of Civilians Training for UN Peacekeepers

References

• Alchin, A., Gouws, A., and Heinecken, L., 2018. Making a difference in peacekeeping operations: voices of South African women peacekeepers. African Security Review, 27 (1), 1–19. doi:10.1080/10246029.2017.1406381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASPR, 2022, Austrian study centre for peace and conflict resolution ESDC course on Comprehensive Protection of Civilians (CPOC) [online]. Available from: https://www.aspr.ac.at/en/education-training/training-programmes/esdc/esdc-course-on-the-comprehensive-protection-of-civilians#/ [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin G, 2021. From female engagement teams to engagement platoons: the evolution of gendered community engagement in UN peace operations. New York: International Peace Institute.
   Google Scholar
• BCN, 2019a. Barcelona International Peace Centre, call for applications: Protection of Civilians (POC) in peace missions [online]. Available from: https://bcnpeacecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PoC19-Full-course-description.ext_.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• BCN, 2019b. Barcelona International Peace Centre training Course on Protection of Civilians (PoC) in Peace Missions [online]. Available from: https://bcnpeacecenter.org/events/poc-19/ [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy, A.J. and Hunt, C.H., 2015. Twenty-first century UN peace operations: protection, force and the changing security environment. International Affairs, 91 (6), 1277–1298. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellamy, A.J. and Hunt, C.T., 2021. Using force to protect civilians in UN peacekeeping. Survival, 63 (3), 143–170. doi:10.1080/00396338.2021.1930411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellamy, A.J. and Williams, P.D., 2013a. Explaining the national politics of peacekeeping contributions. In: A.J. Bellamy and W.P. D, eds. Providing peacekeepers: the Politics, challenges, and future of United Nations peacekeeping contributions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 417–436.
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy, A.J. and Williams P.D., 2013b. Providing peacekeepers: the politics, challenges, and future of United Nations peacekeeping contributions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benner, T., Mergenthaler, S., and Rotmann, P., 2011. The new world of UN peace operations: learning to build peace? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bode, I. and Karlsrud, J., 2019. Implementation in practice: the use of force to protect civilians in United Nations peacekeeping. European Journal of International Relations, 25 (2), 458–485. doi:10.1177/1354066118796540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boutellis, A., 2020. White paper: impact-driven peacekeeping partnerships for capacity building and training. New York: International Peace Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Carson, L., 2016. Pre-deployment ‘gender’ training and the lack thereof for Australian peacekeepers. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 70 (3), 275–292. doi:10.1080/10357718.2015.1133561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran, D., 2017. More than fighting for peace? Conflict resolution, UN Peacekeeping, and the role of training military personnel. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Day, A. and Hunt, C.T., 2022. Distractions, distortions and dilemmas: the externalities of protecting civilians in United Nations peacekeeping. Civil Wars, 24 (1), 97–116. doi:10.1080/13698249.2022.1995680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl, P. and Balas, A., 2014. Peace operations. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diehl, P., Druckman, D., and Wall, J., 1998. International peacekeeping and conflict resolution: a taxonomic analysis with implications. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41 (1), 33–55. doi:10.1177/0022002798042001002.
   Google Scholar
• Dietrich, W., 2013. Elicitive conflict transformation and the transrational shift in peace politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, H., Petrov, P., and Mahr, E., 2016. Reacting to Conflict: Civilian Capabilities in the EU, UN and OSCE (EU-CIVCAP Report, DL4.1) [online]. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/231415483.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Dorn, A.W. and Libben, J., 2018. Preparing for peace: myths and realities of Canadian peacekeeping training. International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis, 73 (2), 257–281. doi:10.1177/0020702018788552.
   Google Scholar
• Dorn, A.W., Webb, S., and Pâquet, S., 2020. From wargaming to Peacegaming: Digital simulations with peacekeeper roles needed. International Peacekeeping, 27 (2), 289–310. doi:10.1080/13533312.2020.1721287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, L., 2004. Cosmopolitan ethics and Militaries as ‘forces for good. In: L. Elliott and G. Cheeseman, eds. Forces for good: cosmopolitan militaries in the twenty-first century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 7–32.
   Google Scholar
• Fetherston, A.B., 1994. Towards a theory of United Nations peacekeeping. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Flaspöler, A., 2018. African peacekeeping training centres: socialisation as a tool for peace? London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, D., 2005. The military and negotiation: the role of the soldier diplomat. London: Frank Cass.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, F., 2022. Protection as connection: feminist relational theory and protecting civilians from violence in South Sudan. Journal of Global Ethics, 18 (1), 152–170. doi:10.1080/17449626.2022.2052152.
   Google Scholar
• Henigson, H., 2020. Community engagement in UN peacekeeping operations: a people-centered approach to protecting civilians. New York: International Peace Institute.
   Google Scholar
• HMG, 2019. Training peacekeepers at the highest standards. Statement by Ambassador Karen Pierce, UK permanent representative to the UN, at the Security Council open debate on peacekeeping, training and capacity building, 7 May 2019 [online]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/training-peacekeepers-at-the-highest-standards [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Holmes, G., 2018. Situating agency, embodied practices and norm implementation in peacekeeping training. International Peacekeeping, 26 (1), 55–84. doi:10.1080/13533312.2018.1503934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holohan, A., 2019. Transformative training in soft skills for peacekeepers: gaming for peace. International Peacekeeping, 26 (5), 556–578. doi:10.1080/13533312.2019.1623677.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, V.K., 2019. Mandates are only the start: delivering on the authorisation to protect civilians. In: L. Sharland, ed. Special report: evolution of the protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping. Barton: ASPI, pp. 23–33.
   Google Scholar
• Holt, V.K. and Berkman, T.C., 2006. The impossible mandate? Military preparedness, the responsibility to protect and modern peace operations. Washington: Stimson Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Holvikivi, A., 2021. Training the troops on gender: the making of a transnational practice. International Peacekeeping, 28 (2), 175–199. doi:10.1080/13533312.2020.1869540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowell, M., 2017. The unintended consequences of foreign military assistance in Africa: an analysis of peacekeeping training in Kenya. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 12 (1), 102–119. doi:10.1080/17531055.2017.1418187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowell, M., 2018. Peacekeeping in Africa: politics, security and the failure of foreign military assistance. London, I.B: Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• KAIPTC, 2022a. Kofi Annan international peacekeeping training centre call for applications Protection of Civilians Course (PoC) [online]. Available from: https://www.kaiptc.org/kaiptc-course/call-for-applications-protection-of-civilians-course-poc-2022/ [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• KAIPTC, 2022b. Kofi Annan international peacekeeping training centre Protection of Civilians Course (PoC) [online]. Available from: https://www.kaiptc.org/kaiptc-course/protection-of-civilian-in-armed-conflict/ [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• King, A., 2010. Understanding the Helmand campaign: British military operations in Afghanistan. International Affairs, 86 (2), 311–332. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00884.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederach, J.P., 1996. Preparing for peace: conflict transformation across cultures. New York: Syracuse.
   Google Scholar
• Milofsky, A., et al., 2017. Conflict management training for peacekeepers: assessment and recommendations. Washington: USIP.
   Google Scholar
• Neubauer, P., 2022. Making the international work: police training experts as brokers for international missions. International Peacekeeping, 29 (3) 522–547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POTI, 2022, Peace operations training institute Protection of Civilians Course overview [online]. Available from: https://www.peaceopstraining.org/courses/protection-of-civilians/ [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Ramsbotham, O., Woodhouse, T., and Miall, H., 2016. Contemporary conflict resolution. 4th ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Riis Andersen, L., 2018. The HIPPO in the room: the pragmatic push-back from the UN peace bureaucracy against the militarization of UN peacekeeping. International Affairs, 94 (2), 343–361. doi:10.1093/ia/iix239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwickerath, A.K., 2018. Anti-corruption norms in training for United Nations peacekeeping operations. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70 (2), 275–291. doi:10.1007/s10611-017-9731-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardy, T., 2014. The reluctant peacekeeper: France and the use of force in peace operations. Journal of Strategic Studies, 37 (5), 770–792. doi:10.1080/01402390.2014.905472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunney, E., et al., 2017. Report on current training methods for peace building and conflict prevention (EU H2020 Peacetraining.Eu deliverable 3.4) [ online]. Brussels, European Commission. Available from: https://project.peacetraining.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PeaceTraining.eu_D3.4_Report-on-current-training-methods-for-peace-building-and-conflict-prevention_revised.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• UN, 1999. United Nations Security Council resolution 1265 (S/RES/1265). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2000a. United Nations Security Council resolution 1296 (S/RES/1296). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2006a. United Nations Security Council resolution 1674 (S/RES/1674). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2006b. United Nations Security Council resolution 1738 (S/RES/1738). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2009. United Nations Security Council resolution 1894 (S/RES/1894). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2013a. Learning activity: mission-specific group discussion. Specialized Training Materials (STM) - UN Tactical Level Protection of civilians training modules. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2013b. Preface Specialized Training Materials (STM) - UN Tactical Level Protection of civilians training modules. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2013c. Tactical level mission-specific scenario-based exercises on protection of civilians. Module 3 – UNMISS instructor guidance notes and training pack orientation. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2014. United Nations Security Council resolution 2175 (S/RES/2175). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2015a. United Nations Security Council resolution 2222 (S/RES/2222). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2015b. Protection of civilians: implementing guidelines for military components of United Nations peacekeeping missions. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2016. United Nations Security Council resolution 2286 (S/RES/2286). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2017a. Core pre-deployment training materials lesson 2.5 protection of civilians learning evaluation. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2017b. United Nations comprehensive protection of civilians training materials. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2017c. United Nations CPOC scenario base exercise force commander order of operations. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2017d. United Nations CPOC Scenario-based exercise guidance document. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2018. Protection of civilians training needs assessment. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2019a. Policy: the protection of Civilians in United Nations peacekeeping. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2019b. United Nations Security Council resolution 2475 (S/RES/2475). New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2020. Protection of Civilians in United Nations Peacekeeping Handbook. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• UN, 2022. 2021 Seoul UN peacekeeping ministerial: member state pledges. New York: United Nations. Available from: https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/2021_peacekeeping_ministerial_pledge_list_v22_february_2022.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• UNTSI, 2019. United Nations Training School Ireland course prospectus 2019 [online]. Available from: https://www.military.ie/en/who-we-are/army/defence-forces-training-centre/the-military-college/un-training-school-ireland/prospectus-2019_.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, M., et al., 2020. The ‘local turn’ and notions of conflict and peacebuilding – reflections on local peace committees in Burundi and eastern DR Congo. Peacebuilding, 8 (3), 279–299. doi:10.1080/21647259.2019.1633760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall, J.A., Jr. and Druckman, D., 2004. Mediation in peacekeeping missions. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 47 (5), 693–705. doi:10.1177/0022002703252981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolter, S., et al., 2016. Existing peacebuilding and conflict prevention curricula report (EU H2020 Peacetraining.EU deliverable 3.2) [online]. Available from: https://project.peacetraining.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/PeaceTraining.eu_D3.2-Existing-Peacebuilding-and-Conflict-Prevention-Curricula-Report.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Wolter, S. and Tunney, E., Integrated assessment report on Eu’s CPPB capabilities (EU H2020 Peacetraining.Eu Deliverable 3.5) [online]. Available from: https://project.peacetraining.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/PeaceTraining.eu_D3.5-A-Guide-to-Conflict-Prevention-and-Peacebuilding-Training-in-Europe-Insights-on-Training-Design-and-Methods.pdf [Accessed 9 July 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Woodhouse, T. and Ramsbotham, O., 2005. Cosmopolitan peacekeeping and the globalization of security. International Peacekeeping, 12 (2), 139–156. doi:10.1080/01439680500066400.
   Google Scholar