471
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Introduction

Civilian Protection in Theory and Practice

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1-15 | Received 17 Aug 2023, Accepted 15 Mar 2024, Published online: 07 May 2024

References

  • Annan, K. and Mousavizadeh, N., 2012. Interventions: a life in war and peace. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Autesserre, S., 2010. The trouble with the Congo: local violence and the failure of international peacebuilding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Beardsley, K., Cunningham, D., and White, P., 2018. Mediation, peacekeeping, and the severity of civil war. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63 (7), 1682–1709. doi:10.1177/0022002718817092.
  • Bellamy, A. and Hunt, C.T., 2015. Twenty-first century UN peace operations: protection, force and the changing security environment. International Affairs, 91 (6), 1277–1298. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12456.
  • Brickhill, J., 2007. Protecting civilians through peace agreements: challenges and lessons of the Darfur peace agreement. ISS Paper 138. Institute for Security Studies.
  • Brockmeier, S. and Rotmann, P., 2016. Civil affairs and local conflict management in peace operations. Berlin: GPPi Policy Report.
  • Chandler, D., 2010. International statebuilding: the rise of post-liberal governance. London: Routledge.
  • Dallaire, R., 2008. Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda. New York: Random House.
  • Day, A., et al., 2020. The political practice of peacekeeping: how strategies for peace operations are developed and implemented. New York: United Nations University.
  • Day, A. and Hunt, C. T., 2022. Distractions, distortions and dilemmas: the externalities of protecting civilians in United Nations peacekeeping. Civil Wars, 24 (1), 97–116, doi: 10.1080/13698249.2022.1995680
  • De Waal, A., 2007. Darfur and the failure of the responsibility to protect. International Affairs, 83 (6), 1039–1054. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00672.x.
  • Duursma, A., 2020a. African solutions to African challenges: the role of legitimacy in mediating civil wars in Africa. International Organization, 74 (2), 295–330. doi:10.1017/S0020818320000041.
  • Duursma, A., 2020b. Making disorder more manageable: the short-term effectiveness of local mediation in Darfur. Journal of Peace Research, 58 (3), 554–567. doi:10.1177/0022343319898241.
  • Duursma, A., 2021. Pinioning the peacekeepers: sovereignty, host-state resistance against peacekeeping missions, and violence against civilians. International Studies Review, 23 (3), 670–695. doi:10.1093/isr/viaa063.
  • Duursma, A., et al., 2023. UN peacekeeping at 75: achievements, challenges, and prospects. International Peacekeeping, 30 (4), 415–476. doi:10.1080/13533312.2023.2263178.
  • Ebo, A. and Haenggi, H., eds., 2020. The United Nations and security sector reform: policy and practice. Geneva: DCAF.
  • Fjelde, H., Hultman, L., and Nilsson, D., 2019. Protection through presence: UN peacekeeping and the costs of targeting civilians. International Organization, 73 (1), 103–131. doi:10.1017/S0020818318000346.
  • Guéhenno, J.-M., 2015. The fog of peace: a memoir of international peacekeeping in the 21st century. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Holt, V. and Berkman, T., 2006. The impossible mandate? Military preparedness, the responsibility to protect and modern peace operations. Washington: Henry L. Stimson Center.
  • Hultman, L., 2013. UN peace operations and protection of civilians: cheap talk or norm implementation? Journal of Peace Research, 50 (59), 59–73. doi:10.1177/0022343312461662.
  • Hultman, L., Kathman, J., and Shannon, M., 2019. Peacekeeping in the midst of war. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Johnson, H.F., 2016. South Sudan: the untold story from independence to the civil war. London: I.B.Tauris.
  • Johnson, H.F., 2019. Protection of civilians in the United Nations: a peacekeeping illusion? In: C. de Coning and M. Peter, eds. United Nations peace operations in a changing global order. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 133–152.
  • Jose, B. and Medie, P.A., 2015. Understanding why and how civilians resort to self-protection in armed conflict. International Studies Review, 17 (4), 515–535. doi:10.1111/misr.12254.
  • Kaplan, O., 2017. Resisting war: how communities protect themselves. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Karlsrud, J., 2015. The UN at war: examining the consequences of peace-enforcement mandates for the UN peacekeeping operations in the CAR, the DRC and Mali. Third World Quarterly, 36 (1), 40–54. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.976016.
  • Krause, J., 2019. Stabilization and local conflicts: communal and civil war in South Sudan. Ethnopolitics, 18 (5), 478–493. doi:10.1080/17449057.2019.1640505.
  • Lundgren, M. Oksamytna, K. and Bove, V. 2022. Politics or performance? Leadership accountability in UN peacekeeping. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 66 (1), 32–60.
  • Mac Ginty, R., 2010. Warlords and the liberal peace: state-building in Afghanistan. Conflict, Security & Development, 10 (4), 577–598. doi:10.1080/14678802.2010.500548.
  • Mamiya, R., 2018. Engaging with nonstate armed groups to protect civilians: a pragmatic approach for UN peace operations. New York: International Peace Institute.
  • Nathan, L., 2007. The failure of the Darfur mediation. Ethnopolitics, 6 (4), 495–511. doi:10.1080/17449050701277863.
  • O’Bryan, T., Rendtorff-Smith, S., and Donati, M., 2017. The role of United Nations peacekeeping operations in addressing local conflicts: a study of practice. New York: United Nations Departments of Peacekeeping Operations and Field Support Policy, Evaluation and Training Division Policy and Best Practices Service.
  • Oksamytna, K., 2023. Advocacy and change in International organizations: communication, protection, and reconstruction in UN. Peacekeeping. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Paddon Rhoads, E., 2016. Taking sides in peacekeeping: impartiality and the future of the United Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Peitz, L. and Reisch, G., 2019. Violence reduction or relocation? Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, 8 (2), 161–181. doi:10.1007/s42597-019-00009-w.
  • Podder, S., 2013. Bridging the ‘conceptual–contextual’ divide: security sector reform in Liberia and UNMIL transition. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 7 (3), 353–380. doi:10.1080/17502977.2013.770242.
  • Podder, S. and Manzillo, G., 2021. Reflection on labour hierarchies in peacekeeping: a study on the operational experiences of military peacekeepers. International Peacekeeping, 28 (5), 701–731. doi:10.1080/13533312.2021.1968840.
  • Richmond, O., 2014. Failed statebuilding. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Sebastián, S. and Gorur, A., 2018. U.N. Peacekeeping and host-state consent: how missions navigate relationships with governments. Washington, DC: Stimson Center.
  • Smidt, H.M., 2019. United Nations peacekeeping locally: enabling conflict resolution, reducing communal violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 64 (2–3), 344–372. doi:10.1177/0022002719859631.
  • Svensson, I., 2007. Bargaining, bias and peace brokers: how rebels commit to peace. Journal of Peace Research, 44 (2), 177–194. doi:10.1177/0022343307075121.
  • United Nations, 2015. Uniting our strengths for peace, politics, partnerships and the people. New York: United Nations. Available from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/795940/files/A_70_95–S_2015_446-EN.pdf?ln=en [Accessed 28 December 2023].
  • United Nations, 2018. Declaration of shared commitments on UN peacekeeping operations, 25 September. Available from: https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/dpko-dfsdeclaration-shared-commitments-unpeacekeeping-1812605e.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2022].
  • United Nations, 2020. Protection of civilians in United Nations peacekeeping handbook. New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations News, 2012. Responsibility to protect: Ban urges action to make UN-backed tool ‘a living reality’, 18 January. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2012/01/400702 [Accessed 5 June 2022].
  • von Billerbeck, S. and Tansey, O., 2019. Enabling autocracy? Peacebuilding and post-conflict authoritarianism in the Democratic Republic of Congo. European Journal of International Relations, 25 (3), 698–722. doi:10.1177/1354066118819724.
  • Williams, P., 2013. Protection, resilience and empowerment: United Nations peacekeeping and violence against civilians in contemporary war zones. Politics, 33 (4), 287–298. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12014.
  • Zanotti, L., 2010. Cacophonies of aid, failed state building and NGOs in Haiti: setting the stage for disaster, envisioning the future. Third World Quarterly, 31 (5), 755–771. doi:10.1080/01436597.2010.503567.