References
- Allen, M., Axelson, K., Caldecott, B., Hale, T., Hepburn, C., Hickey, C., Mitchell-Larson, E., Yadvinder, M., Otto, F., Seddon, N., & Smith, S. (September 2020). The Oxford principles for net zero aligned carbon offsetting. University of Oxford.
- Allen, M., Frame, D., Huntingford, C., Huntingford, C., Jones, C. D., Lowe, J. A., Meinshausen, M., & Meinshausen, N. (2009). Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature, 458(7242), 1163–1166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08019
- Anderson, K., & Peters, G. (2016). The trouble with negative emissions. Science, 354(6309), 182-183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4567
- BEIS. (2021).
- Black, R., Cullen, K., Fay, B., Hale, T., Lang, J., Mahmood, S., & Smith, S. M. (2021). Taking stock: A global assessment of net zero targets. Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit and Oxford Net Zero.
- C40. (2019). Defining carbon neutrality for cities & managing residual emissions - cities perspective & guidance. https://c40-production-images.s3.amazonaws.com/researches/images/76_Carbon_neutrality_guidance_for_cities_20190422.original.pdf
- Cames, M., Harthan, R. O., Füssler, J., & Spalding-Fecher, R. (2016). How additional is the clean development mechanism. Oeko-Inst. EV CLlMA B.
- Carrillo Pineda, A., Chang, A., & Faria, P. (2020). Foundations for science-based net-zero target setting in the corporate sector, Version 1.0. https://sciencebasedtargets.org/resources/legacy/2020/09/foundations-for-net-zero-full-paper.pdf
- Cullenward, D., & Victor, D. G. (2020). Making climate policy work. John Wiley & Sons.
- Day, T., Mooldijk, S., Kuramochi, T., Hsu, A., Lim, E., Yeo, Z. Y., Weinfurter, A., Tan, Y. X., French, I., Namdeo, V., Tan, O., Raghavan, S., & Nair, A. (2020). Navigating the nuances of net-zero targets.
- Dugast, C. (2020). Net zero initiative: A framework for collective carbon neutrality. http://www.carbone4.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Carbone-4-NZI-Guidelines-april-2020-2.pdf
- ECIU. (2020). Net Zero Tracker. Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit. https://eciu.net/netzerotracker
- Forbes. (2020). Global 2000: The world’s largest public companies. https://www.forbes.com/global2000
- Geden, O. (2016). An actionable climate target. Nature Geoscience, 9(5), 340–342. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2699
- Hale, T., Kuramochi, T., Lang, J., Mapes, B., Smith, S., Aiyer, R., Black, R., Boot, M., Chalkley, P., Hans, F., Hay, N., Hsu, A., Höhne, N., Mooldijk, S., & Walsh, T. 2021. Net Zero Tracker. Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, Data-Driven EnviroLab, NewClimate Institute, Oxford Net Zero. https://zerotracker.net
- Huppmann, D., Rogelj, J., Kriegler, E., Krey, V., & Riahi, K. (2018). A new scenario resource for integrated 1.5 °C research. Nature Climate Change, 8(12), 1027–1030. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0317-4
- ISO. (2021). ISO/WD 14068. Greenhouse gas management and related activities — Carbon neutrality. International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/standard/43279.html?browse=tc
- Kreibich, N., & Hermwille, L. (2021). Caught in between: Credibility and feasibility of the voluntary carbon market post-2020. Climate Policy, 21(7), 939–957. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1948384
- Levin, K., Rich, D., Ross, K., Fransen, T., & Elliott, C. (2020). Designing and communicating net-zero targets. https://www.wri.org/publication/designing-and-communicating-net-zero-targets
- Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., & Waterfield, T. (2018). Summary for policymakers. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.
- Matthews, H. D., & Caldeira, K. (2008). Stabilizing climate requires near-zero emissions. Geophysical Research Letters. [Online], 35(4), https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl032388
- Michaelowa, A., Michaelowa, K., Hermwille, L., & Espelage, A. (2021). Towards net zero: Dynamic baselines for international market mechanisms. CIS Working Paper, (107).
- Morseletto, P., Biermann, F., & Pattberg, P. (2017). Governing by targets: Reductio ad unum and evolution of the two-degree climate target. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 17(5), 655–676. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9336-7
- Natural Capital Partners. (2020). The carbon neutral protocol. https://carbonneutral.com/pdfs/The_CarbonNeutral_Protocol_Jan_2020.pdf (2020)
- Pachauri, R. K., et al. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- Pachauri, R. K., Allen, M. R., Barros, V. R., Broome, J., Cramer, W., Christ, R., Church, J. A., Clarke, L., Dahe, Q., Dasgupta, P., Dubash, N. K., Edenhofer, O., Elgizouli, I., Field, C. B., Forster, P., Friedlingstein, P., Fuglestvedt, J., Gomez-Echeverri, L., Hallegatte, S., et al. (2010). History of the 2°C climate target. WIRES Climate Change, 1(4), 598–605. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.62
- Robiou du Pont, Y., Jeffery, M. L., Gütschow, J., Rogelj, J., Christoff, P., & Meinshausen, M. (2017). Equitable mitigation to achieve the Paris Agreement goals. Nature Climate Change, 7(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3186
- Rogelj, J., Geden, O., Cowie, A., & Resinger, A. (2021). Net-zero emissions targets are vague: Three ways to fix. Nature, 591(7850), 365–368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00662-3
- Rogelj, J., Schaeffer, M., Meinshausen, M., Knutti, R., Alcamo, J., Riahi, K., & Hare, W. (2015). Zero emission targets as long-term global goals for climate protection. Environmental Research Letters, 10(10), 105007. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/105007
- SBTI. (2021). Net Zero standard. Science Based Targets Initiative.
- Schneider, L., & Theuer, S. L. H. (2019). Environmental integrity of international carbon market mechanisms under the Paris agreement. Climate Policy, 19(3), 386–400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1521332
- Stabinsky, D. (2021 February). Chasing carbon unicorns: The deception of carbon markets and ‘net zero. Friends of the Earth International. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Friends-of-the-earth-international-carbon-unicorns-english.pdf
- UN DESA. (2019a). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019) World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
- UN DESA. (2019b). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Demographic Yearbook 2018. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/
- UNFCCC. (2021a). Race to zero campaign. https://unfccc.int/climate-action/race-to-zero-campaign
- UNFCCC. (2021b). Defining the ‘starting line’. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Minimum-criteria-for-participation-in-RTZ.pdf
- van Soest, H. L., den Elzen, M. G., & van Vuuren, D. P. (2021). Net-zero emission targets for major emitting countries consistent with the Paris agreement. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20314-w
- World Bank. (2019). World development indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
- WRI. (2018). Climate watch historical emissions data. https://www.climatewatchdata.org/
- Zickfeld, K., Eby, M., Matthews, H. D., & Weaver, A. J. (2009). Setting cumulative emissions targets to reduce the risk of dangerous climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(38), 16129–16134.