References
- Aiello, G., and K. Parry. 2019. Visual Communication: Understanding Images in Media Culture. London: SAGE.
- Baele, S. J., L. Brace, and T. G. Coan. 2023. “Uncovering the Far-Right Online Ecosystem: An Analytical Framework and Research Agenda.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 46 (9): 1599–1623.
- Crawford, B., F. Keen, and G. Suarez-Tangil. 2021, June 7 to June 10. “Memes, Radicalisation, and the Promotion of Violence on Chan Sites.” The Fifteenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM-21).
- Doerr, N. 2017. “Bridging Language Barriers, Bonding Against Immigrants: A Visual Case Study of Transnational Network Publics Created by far-Right Activists in Europe.” Discourse & Society 28 (1): 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926516676689
- Doerr, N., A. Mattoni, and S. Teune. 2015. “Visuals in Social Movements.” In The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Donatella Della Porta, and Mario Diani, 557–566. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Holt, T. J., J. D. Freilich, and S. M. Chermak. 2022. “Examining the Online Expression of Ideology Among far-Right Extremist Forum Users.” Terrorism and Political Violence 34 (2): 364–384.
- Khazraee, E., and A. N. Novak. 2018. “Digitally Mediated Protest: Social Media Affordances for Collective Identity Construction.” Social Media+ Society 4 (1): 2056305118765740.
- Mahl, D., J. Zeng, and M. S. Schäfer. 2021. “From “Nasa Lies” to “Reptilian Eyes”: Mapping Communication About 10 Conspiracy Theories, Their Communities, and Main Propagators on Twitter.” Social Media+ Society 7 (2): 20563051211017482.
- Mondon, A., and A. Winter. 2020. Reactionary Democracy: How Racism and the Populist Far Right Became Mainstream. New York: Verso Books.
- Moreno-Almeida, C., and P. Gerbaudo. 2021. “Memes and the Moroccan Far-Right.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 26 (4): 882–906. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161221995083
- Munn, L. 2019. “Alt-right Pipeline: Individual Journeys to Extremism Online.” First Monday 24 (6). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i6.10108
- Wahlström, M., A. Törnberg, and H. Ekbrand. 2021. “Dynamics of Violent and Dehumanizing Rhetoric in far-Right Social Media.” New Media & Society 23 (11): 3290–3311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820952795