147
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A new elasmothere genus and species from the middle Miocene of Tongxin, Ningxia, China, and its phylogenetic relationship

ORCID Icon, , &
Article: 2236619 | Received 04 Sep 2022, Accepted 12 Jun 2023, Published online: 18 Aug 2023

References

  • Aguirre, E., & Guerin, C. (1974). Premiere decouverte d’un Iranotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) en Afrique: Kenyatherium bishopi nov. gen. nov. sp. de la formation vallesienne (Miocene superior) de Nakali, Kenya. Estudios geologicos, 30, 229–233.
  • Antoine, P.-O. (2002). Phylogénie et Évolution Des Elasmotheriina (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae). Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 188, 1–359.
  • Antoine, P.-O. (2003). Middle Miocene elasmotheriine Rhinocerotidae from China and Mongolia: taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships. Zoologica Scripta, 32, 95–118, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00106.x
  • Antoine, P.-O., Alférez, F., & Iñigo, C. (2002). A new elasmotheriine (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) from the Early Miocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 1, 19–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00005-2
  • Antoine, P.-O., & Welcomme, J.-L. (2000). A new rhinoceros from the Lower Miocene of the Bugti Hills, Baluchistan, Pakistan: the earliest elasmotheriine. Palaeontology, 43, 795–816, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00150
  • Antunes, M. T. 1979. Hispanotherium fauna in Iberian Middle Miocene; its importance and paleogeographical meaning; pp. 25–33 in Annales Geologiques Pays. Hellèn. VII International Congress on Mediterranean Neogene, 1979. Athens, 27 September–2 October 1978. Laboratoire de Géologie de L’Université.
  • Antunes, M., & Ginsburg, L. (1983). Les rhinocerotides du Miocene de Lisbonne-systematique, ecologie, paleobiogeographie, valeur stratigraphique. Ciencias da Terra (UNL), 7, 17–98.
  • Cerdeño, E. (1992). New remains of the rhinocerotid Hispanotherium matritense at La Retama site: Tagus Basin, Cuenca, Spain. Geobios, 25, 671–679, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-6995(92)80106-N
  • Cerdeño, E. (1996). Rhinocerotidae from the Middle Miocene of the Tung-gur Formation, Inner Mongolia (China). American Museum Novitates, 3184, 1–43.
  • Cerdeño, E., & Nieto, M. (1995). Changes in Western European Rhinocerotidae related to climatic variations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 114, 325–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)00085-M
  • Chen, G. (1977). A new genus of Iranotheriinae of Ningxia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 15, 143–147.
  • Chen, G.-F. (1978). Fossil proboscideans from the Miocene of Zhongning-Tongxin area, Ningxia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 16, 103–110, https://doi.org/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.1978.02.005
  • Chow, M. (1958). New elasmotherine rhinoceroses from Shansi. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2, 131–142.
  • Deng, T. (2001). New remains of Parelasmotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the late Miocene in Dongxiang, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 39, 306–311.
  • Deng, T. (2003). New material of Hispanotherium matritense (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) from Laogou of Hezheng County (Gansu, China), with special reference to the Chinese Middle Miocene elasmotheres. Geobios, 36, 141–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00003-2
  • Deng, T. (2005). New cranial material of Shansirhinus (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) from the Lower Pliocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China. Geobios, 38, 301–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2003.12.003
  • Deng, T. (2007). Skull of Parelasmotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the upper Miocene in the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27, 467–475. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[467:SOPPRF2.0.CO;2]
  • Deng, T. 2008. A new elasmothere (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China. Geobios, 41, 719–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2008.01.006
  • Deng, T., & Downs, W. (2002). Evolution of Chinese Neogene Rhinocerotidae and its response to climatic variations. Acta Geologica Sinica, 76, 139–145.
  • Deng, T., & Wang, X. (2004). New material of the Neogene rhinocerotids from the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 42, 216–229.
  • Deng, T., Wang, S., & Hou, S. (2013). A bizarre tandem-horned elasmothere rhino from the Late Miocene of northwestern China and origin of the true elasmothere. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58, 1811–1817, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5574-4
  • Dollo, L. 1885. Rhinocéros vivants et fossiles. Revue des Questions Scientifiques, 17, 293–300.
  • Fischer, G. (1808). Notice d’un animal fossile de Sibérie inconnu aux naturalists. Programme d’invitation à la séance publique de la Société Impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, 4, 19–20.
  • Geraads, D., Lehmann, T., Peppe, D. J., & McNulty, K. P. (2016). New Rhinocerotidae from the Kisingiri localities (lower Miocene of western Kenya). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36, e1103247, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1103247
  • Geraads, D., McCrossin, M., & Benefit, B. (2012). A new rhinoceros, Victoriaceros kenyensis gen. et sp. nov., and other Perissodactyla from the Middle Miocene of Maboko, Kenya. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 19, 57–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-011-9183-9
  • Geraads, D., & Zouhri, S. (2021). A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 66, 753–765, https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00904.2021
  • Ginsburg, L., Maubert, F., & Telles Antunes, M. (1987). Découverte d’Hispanotherium et de gaindatherium (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) dans 1e Miocène de France. Bulletin du Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Section C, 9, 303–311.
  • Guan, J. (1988). The Miocene strata and mammals from Tongxin, Ningxia and Guanghe, Gansu. Memoirs of Beijing Natural History Museum, 42, 1–21.
  • Guan, J. (1993). Primitive elasmotherines from the middle Miocene, Ningxia (northwestern China). Memoirs of Beijing Natural History Museum, 53, 200–207.
  • Guan, J., & Van der Made, J. (1993). Fossil Suidae from Dingjiaergou near Tongxin, China. Memoirs of the Beijing Natural History Museum, 53, 150–199.
  • Guérin, C. (1980). Les rhinocéros (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocène terminal au Pléistocène supérieur en Europe occidentale. Comparaison avec les espèces actuelles (fascicule 1). Travaux et Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de Lyon, 79, 1–1184.
  • Guérin, C., & Pickford, M. (2003). Ougandatherium napakense nov. gen. nov. sp., le plus ancien Rhinocerotidae Iranotheriinae d’Afrique. Annales de Paléontologie, 89, 1–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3969(03)00004-1
  • Handa, N. (2016). Fossil Rhinoceroses from the Late Miocene of Kenya – Miocene faunal changes of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) in SubSaharan East Africa [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Kagoshima University.
  • Handa, N., Nakatsukasa, M., Kunimatsu, Y., & Nakaya, H. (2017). A new Elasmotheriini (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the upper Miocene of Samburu Hills and Nakali, northern Kenya. Geobios, 50, 197–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2017.04.002
  • Harrison, T., Delson, E., & Jian, G. (1991). A new species of Pliopithecus from the middle Miocene of China and its implications for early catarrhine zoogeography. Journal of Human Evolution, 21, 329–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(91)90112-9
  • Heissig, K. 1972. Paläontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiär von Pakistan. 5. Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) aus den unteren und mittleren Siwalik-Schichten. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, München 152: 1–112.
  • Heissig, K. (1996). The stratigraphical range of fossil rhinoceroses in the Late Neogene of Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. In R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann (Eds.), The evolution of western Eurasian Neogene mammal faunas (pp. 339–347). Columbia University Press.
  • Heissig, K. (1999). Family Rhinocerotidae. In G. E. Rössner, & K. Heissig (Eds.), The Miocene land mammals of Europe (pp. 175–188). Verlag Dr. F. Pfeil.
  • Hernández-Pacheco, F., & Crusafont, M. (1960). Primera caracterización paleontológica del Terciario de Extremadura. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Geologia), 58, 275–282.
  • Huang, W., & Yan, D. (1983). New material of Elasmotherini [sic] from Shennongjia, Hubei. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 21, 223–229, https://doi.org/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.1983.03.006
  • Iñigo, C., & Cerdeño, E. (1997). The Hispanotherium matritense (Rhinocerotidae) from Córcoles (Guadalajara, Spain): its contribution to the systematics of the Miocene Iranotheriina. Geobios, 30, 243–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(97)80232-X
  • Jiangzuo, Q., Li, C., Wang, S., & Sun, D. (2018). Amphicyon zhanxiangi sp. nov., a new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from northern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38, e1539857, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539857
  • Jiangzuo, Q., Wang, S., Li, C., Sun, D., & Zhang, X. (2021). New material of Gobicyon (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae, Haplocyoninae) from Northern China and a review of Aktaucyonini evolution. Papers in Palaeontology, 7, 307–327, https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1283
  • Killgus, H. (1923). Unterpliozäne Säuger aus China. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 5, 251–257.
  • Kosintsev, P., Mitchell, K. J., Devièse, T., van der Plicht, J., Kuitems, M., Petrova, E., Tikhonov, A., Higham, T., Comeskey, D., Turney, C., Cooper, A., van Kolfschoten, T., Stuart, A. J., & Lister, A. M. (2019). Evolution and extinction of the giant rhinoceros Elasmotherium sibiricum sheds light on late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3, 31–38, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0722-0
  • Kretzoi, M. (1942). Bemerkungen zum system der nachmiozänen Nashorn-Gattungen. Földtani Közlöny, 72, 309–318.
  • Mecquenem, R. (1908). Contribution à l’étude Du Gisement des Vertébrés de Maragha et de Ses Environs. E. Leroux, Annales d’Histoire Naturelle.
  • Nakaya, H., Pickford, M., Yasui, K., & Nakano, Y. (1987). Additional large mammalian fauna from the Namurungule Formation, Samburu Hills, northern Kenya. African Study Monographs, suppl. issue 5, 79–129.
  • Owen, R. 1845. A history of British fossil mammals and birds. J. van Voorst.
  • Owen, R. 1848. On the archetype and homologies of the vertebrate skeleton. J. Van Voorst.
  • Qiu, Z., & Xie, J. (1998). Notes on Parelasmotherium and Hipparion fossils from Wangji, Dongxiang, Gansu. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 36, 13–23.
  • Qiu Z., Ye J., & Huo F. (1988). Description of a Kubanochoerus skull from Tongxin, Ningxia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 26, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.1988.01.001
  • Ringström, T. (1923). Sinotherium lagrelii, a new fossil rhinocerotid from Shansi. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of China, 5, 91–93.
  • Ringström, T. (1924). Nashorner der hipparion-fauna nord-chinas. Geological Survey of China, Series C, 11, 1–156.
  • Sanisidro, O., Alberdi, M. T., & Morales, J. (2012). The first complete skull of Hispanotherium matritense (Prado) (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the middle Miocene of the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32, 446–455, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.639420
  • Schvyreva, A. K. (2015). On the importance of the representatives of the genus Elasmotherium (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) in the biochronology of the Pleistocene of Eastern Europe. Quaternary International, 379, 128–134, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.052
  • Sun, D., Deng, T., & Jiangzuo, Q. (2022). The most primitive Elasmotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of northern China. Historical Biology, 34, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1907368
  • Sun, B.-Y., Wang, X.-X., Ji, M.-X., Pang, L.-B., Shi, Q.-Q., Hou, S.-K., Sun, D.-H., & Wang, S.-Q. (2018). Miocene mammalian faunas from Wushan, China and their evolutionary, biochronological, and biogeographic significances. Palaeoworld, 27, 258–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2017.08.001
  • Swofford, D. L. (2002). PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), Version 4. Sinauer Associates.
  • Tong, H., & Moigne, A.-M. (2000). Quaternary Rhinoceros of China. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 19, 257–263.
  • Wang, S., Deng, T., Tang, T., Xie, G., Zhang, Y., & Wang, D. (2015). Evolution of Protanancus (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in East Asia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35, e881830, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.881830
  • Wang, S., Zong, L., Yang, Q., Sun, B., Li, Y., Shi, Q., Yang, X., Ye, J., & Wu, W. (2016). Biostratigraphic subdividing of the Neogene Dingjia’ergou mammalian fauna, Tongxin County, Ningxia Province, and its background for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Sciences, 36, 789–809.
  • Wang, S.-Q., Deng, T., Ye, J., He, W., & Chen, S.-Q. (2017). Morphological and ecological diversity of Amebelodontidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) revealed by a Miocene fossil accumulation of an upper-tuskless proboscidean. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 15, 601–615, https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1208687
  • Wang, X., White, S. C., & Guan, J. (2020). A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 18, 783–803. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066
  • Wang, X., Xie, G., & Dong, W. (2009). A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 680–695, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00491.x
  • Werdelin, L., & Solounias, N. (1991). The Hyaenidae: taxonomy, systematics and evolution. Fossils and Strata, 30, 1–104.
  • Wu, W., Ye, J., & Zhu, B. (1991). On Alloptox (Lagomorpha, Ochoronidae) from the middle Miocene of Tongxin, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Gujizhui Dongwu Xuebao, 29, 204–229.
  • Xiong, W. (2022). New species of Percrocuta (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the early middle Miocene of Tongxin, China. Historical Biology, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2067757
  • Yan D. (1979). Einige der Fossilen Miozänen Säugetiere der Kreis von Fangxian in Der Provinz Hupei. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 17, 189–199, https://doi.org/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.1979.03.002
  • Ye J., & Jia H. (1986). Platybelodon (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene of Tongxin, Ningxia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 24, 139–151, https://doi.org/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.1986.02.005
  • Ye, J., Qiu, Z., & Zhang, G. (1992). Bunolistriodon intermedius (Suidae, Artiodactyla) from Tongxin, Ningxia. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 30, 135–145.
  • Zhai, R. J. (1978). A primitive elasmothere from the Miocene of Lintung. Shensi. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 7, 122–126.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.