128
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Perceiving persons and their purposes: teleology, normativity, and personal identity

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 23-48 | Received 24 Jan 2023, Accepted 04 Jan 2024, Published online: 18 Feb 2024

References

  • Albers, C., & Lakens, D. (2017, September 10). When power analyses based on pilot data are biased: Inaccurate effect size estimators and follow-up bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 74, 187–195. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Z4Q
  • Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596–612. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596
  • Bauer, D. J., Preacher, K. J., & Gil, K. M. (2006). Conceptualizing and testing random indirect effects and moderated mediation in multilevel models: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 11(2), 142–163. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.2.142
  • Bench, S., Schlegel, R. J., Davis, W. E., & Vess, M. (2015). Thinking about change in the self and others: The role of self-discovery metaphors and the true self. Social Cognition, 33, 69–185.
  • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality data?. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3–5.
  • Christy, A. G., Kim, J., Schlegel, R. J., Vess, M., & Hicks, J. A. (2017). The reciprocal relationship between perceptions of moral goodness and knowledge of others’ true selves. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 8, 910–917. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617693061
  • Christy, A. G., Schlegel, R. J., & Cimpian, A. (2019). Why do people believe in a “true self”? The role of essentialist reasoning about personal identity and the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(2), 386–416. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000254
  • Christy, A. G., Seto, E., Schlegel, R. J., Vess, M., & Hicks, J. A. (2016). Straying from the righteous path and from ourselves: Moral behavior and perceived self- knowledge. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(11), 1538–1550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216665095
  • De Freitas, J., Cikara, M., Grossmann, I., & Schlegel, R. (2018). Moral goodness is the essence of personal identity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(9), 739–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.05.006
  • De Freitas, J., Sarkissian, H., Newman, G. E., Grossmann, I., De Brigard, F., Luco, A., & Knobe, J. (2017). Consistent belief in good true selves in misanthropes and three interdependent cultures. Cognitive Science, 42(S1), 134–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12505
  • De Freitas, J., Tobia, K. P., Newman, G. E., & Knobe, J. (2017). Normative judgments and individual essence. Cognitive Science, 41(S3), 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12364
  • Dranseika, V., Nichols, S., & Strohminger, N. (2023). Which kind of sameness? Disambiguating two senses of identity with a novel linguistic task. Cognition, 238, 105545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105545
  • Falcon, A. (2023). Aristotle on causality. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Spring 2023 Edition. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2023/entries/aristotle-causality/
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Finlay, M., & Starmans, C. (2022). Not the same same: Distinguishing between similarity and identity in judgments of change. Cognition, 218, 104953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104953
  • Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
  • Gino, F., Kouchaki, M., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). RETRACTED: The moral virtue of authenticity: How inauthenticity produces feelings of immorality and impurity. Psychological Science, 26(7), 983–996. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615575277
  • Goodwin, G. P., Piazza, J., & Rozin, P. (2014). Moral character predominates in person perception and evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 148–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034726
  • Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015141
  • Haslam, N., Bastian, B., & Bissett, M. (2004). Essentialist beliefs about personality and their implications. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(12), 1661–1673. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271182
  • Heiphetz, L., Strohminger, N., & Young, L. L. (2017). The role of moral beliefs, memories, and preferences in representations of identity. Cognitive Science, 41(3), 744–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12354
  • Kelemen, D. (1999a). The scope of teleological thinking in preschool children. Cognition, 70(3), 241–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00010-4
  • Kelemen, D. (1999b). Why are rocks pointy? Children’s preference for teleological explanations of the natural world. Developmental Psychology, 35(6), 1440–1452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.6.1440
  • Kelemen, D. (2003). British and American children’s preferences for teleo-functional explanations of the natural world. Cognition, 88, 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00024-6
  • Kelemen, D., & DiYanni, C. (2005). Intuitions about origins: Purpose and intelligent design in children’s reasoning about nature. Journal of Cognition and Development, 6, 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0601_2
  • Kelemen, D., & Rosset, E. (2009). The human function compunction: Teleological explanation in adults. Cognition, 111(1), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.01.001
  • Kelemen, D., Rottman, J., & Seston, R. (2013). Professional physical scientists display tenacious teleological tendencies: Purpose-based reasoning as a cognitive default. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(4), 1074–1083. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030399
  • Kim, J., Christy, A. G., Rivera, G. N., Hicks, J. A., & Schlegel, R. J. (2021). Is the illusion of authenticity beneficial? Merely perceiving decisions as guided by the true self enhances decision satisfaction. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(1), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620903202
  • Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Bowers, E., & Geldhof, G. J. (2015). Positive youth development: A relational developmental systems model. In W. Overton & P. Moleraar (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science (7th ed., pp. 607–651). Wiley.
  • Mathiowetz, R., & Bauer, D. (2008). Testing indirect effects for lower-level mediation models in HLM. http://www.unc.edu/~dbauer/manuscripts/HLMinstructions.pdf.
  • Newman, G. E., Bloom, P., & Knobe, J. (2014). Value judgments and the true self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213508791
  • Newman, G. E., De Freitas, J., & Knobe, J. (2015). Beliefs about the true self explain asymmetries based on moral judgment. Cognitive Science, 39(1), 96–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12134
  • Park, J., Haslam, N., & Kashima, Y. (2012). Relational to the core: Beliefs about human nature in Japan, Korea, and Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(5), 774–783. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111414417
  • Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., Cheong, Y. F., Congdon, R. T., & du Toit, M. (2011). HLM 7. Scientific Software International Inc.
  • Rose, D. (2015). Persistence through function preservation. Synthese, 192(1), 97–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-014-0555-6
  • Rose, D., Jaramillo, S., Nichols, S., & Horne, Z. (2022). Teleological essentialism across development. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Toronto, Canada (Vol. 44).
  • Rose, D., & Nichols, S. (2019). Teleological essentialism. Cognitive Science, 43(4), e12725. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12725
  • Rose, D., & Nichols, S. (2020). Teleological essentialism: Generalized. Cognitive Science, 44(3), e12818. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12818
  • Rose, D., & Schaffer, J. (2017). Folk mereology is teleological. NOÛS, 51(2), 238–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12123
  • Rose, D., Schaffer, J., & Tobia, K. (2020). Folk teleology drives persistence judgments. Synthese, 197(12), 5491–5509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-01974-0
  • Schachner, A., Zhu, L., Li, J., & Kelemen, D. (2017). Is the bias for function-based explanations culturally universal? Children from China endorse teleological explanations of natural phenomena. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 157, 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.12.006
  • Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., Davis, W. E., Hirsch, K. A., & Smith, C. M. (2013). The dynamic interplay between perceived true self-knowledge and decision satisfaction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 104, 542–558.
  • Schnitker, S. A., King, P. E., & Houltberg, B. (2019). Religion, spirituality, and thriving: Transcendent narrative, virtue, and telos. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12443
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Shields, C. (2016). Aristotle. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/aristotle/.
  • Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2005). Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 845–851. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.845
  • Starmans, C., & Bloom, P. (2018a). If you become evil, do you die? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(9), 740–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.05.009
  • Starmans, C., & Bloom, P. (2018b). Nothing personal: What psychologists get wrong about identity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(7), 566–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.002
  • Strohminger, N., & Nichols, S. (2014). The essential moral self. Cognition, 131(1), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.12.005
  • Strohminger, N., & Nichols, S. (2015). Neurodegeneration and identity. Psychological Science, 26(9), 1469–1479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615592381
  • Taylor, M., Kalbach, C. J., & Rose, D. (in press). Teleology and personal identity. Working paper. Retrieved from https://chriskalbach.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Teleology-and-Personal-Identity-v12.pdf.
  • Wojciszke, B. (2005). Morality and competence in person- and self-perception. European Review of Social Psychology, 16(1), 155–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280500229619

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.