References
- AAA. 2016. An evaluation of data from drivers arrested for driving under the influence in relation to per se limits for cannabis. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. May. https://aaafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/EvaluationOfDriversInRelationToPerSeReport.pdf.
- Blomberg RD, Peck RC, Moskowitz H, Burns M, Fiorentino D. 2009. The Long Beach/Fort Lauderdale relative risk study. J Safety Res. 40(4):285–292. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2009.07.002.
- California. 1996. California Health & Safety Code Division 10, Chapter 6, Article 2, Section 11362.5.
- Colorado. 2012. Colorado Constitution Article XVIII, Section 16.
- Colorado. 2013. Colorado House Bill 13-1325, C.R.S. 42-4-1301(6)(a)(IV).
- Colorado. 2017. Colorado House Bill 17-1515, C.R.S. 24-33.5-520.
- Colorado. 2023. https://oedit.colorado.gov/cannabis-business-office.
- English K. 2021. Research Director, Office of Research and Statistics, personal communication. January 17.
- Gjerde H, Strand M. 2023. Legal limits for driving under the influence of illicit drugs: large variations between jurisdictions. Forensic Sci Int Rep. 8:100336. doi:10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100336.
- Hartman RL, Brown TL, Milavetz G, Spurgin A, Gorelick DA, Gaffney GR, Huestis MA. 2016. Effect of blood collection time on measured Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations: implications for driving interpretation and drug policy. Clin Chem. 62(2):367–377. http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/62/2/367. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2015.248492.
- Hedlund J. 2017. Drug-impaired driving: a guide for what states can do. GHSA and Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility.
- Huestis MA. 2007. Human cannabinoid pharmacokinetics. Chem Biodivers. Aug 4(8):1770–1804. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790152.
- Jones AW, Mørland JG, Liu RH. 2019. Driving under the influence of psychoactive substances—a historical review. Forensic Sci Rev. 31(2):103–140.
- Mehrtens S. 2023. Cannabis grant awarded to 27 small Colorado businesses. The Gazette. August 1. https://denvergazette.com/news/marijuana/colorado-cannabis-grant/article_b9c7a0a4-beae-11ed-9dd4-978184a19f16.html.
- Mura P, Kintz P, Dumestre V, Raul S, Hauet T. 2005. THC can be detected in brain while absent in blood. J of Anal Tox. 29(8):842–843. doi:10.1093/jat/29.8.842.
- Namuswe E, Coleman H, Berning A. 2014. Breath test refusal rates in the United States – 2011 update. Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. DOT HS 811 881 March.
- NIDA. 2023. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving.
- NSDUH. 2014. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/release/2014-national-survey-drug-use-and-health-nsduh-releases.
- NSDUH. 2022. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/release/2022-national-survey-drug-use-and-health-nsduh-releases.
- Rosenthal A, Reed J. 2020. Driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Colorado Department of Criminal Justice.
- Rosenthal A, Reed J. 2022. Driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Colorado Department of Criminal Justice.
- Rosenthal A, Reed J. 2023. Driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Colorado Department of Criminal Justice.
- Sewell RA, Poling J, Sofuoglu M. 2009. The effects of cannabis compared with alcohol on driving. Am J Addict. 18(3):185–193. doi:10.1080/10550490902786934.
- Vandrey R, Herrmann ES, Mitchell JM, Bigelow GE, Flegel R, LoDico C, Cone EJ. 2017. Pharmacokinetic profile of oral cannabis in humans: blood and oral fluid disposition and relation to pharmacodynamic outcomes. J Anal Toxicol. 41(2):83–99. https://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/pubmed/28158482. doi:10.1093/jat/bkx012.
- Waller. 2013. Testimony from Rep. Mark Waller at House Judiciary Committee Hearing on HB13-1114, predecessor to HB13-1325 that established Colorado’s 5 ng/mL THC permissible inference level.
- Wolff K, Brimblecombe R, Forfar JC. 2013. Driving under the influence of drugs. ISBN 978-1-84864-139-6
- Wood E, Salomonsen-Sautel S. 2016. DUID prevalence in Colorado’s DUI citations. J Safety Res. 57(2016):33–38. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2016.03.005.
- Zador PL, Krawchuck SA, Voas RB. 2000. Relative risk of fatal and crash involvement by BAC, age and gender. NHTSA DOT HS 809 050.