1,152
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Assessing injury risks of reclined occupants in a frontal crash preceded by braking with varied seatbelt designs using the SAFER Human Body Model

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 445-453 | Received 21 Nov 2023, Accepted 08 Feb 2024, Published online: 05 Mar 2024

References

  • Baudrit P, Uriot J, Richard O, Debray M. 2023. Investigation of potential injury patterns and occupant kinematics in frontal impact with PMHS in reclined postures. Stapp Car Crash J. 66:1–30. doi:10.4271/2022-22-0001.
  • Boyle KJ, Reed MP, Zaseck LW, Hu J. 2019. A human modelling study on occupant kinematics in highly reclined seats during frontal crashes. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Florence, Italy.
  • Dissanaike S, Kaufman R, Mack CD, Mock C, Bulger E. 2008. The effect of reclined seats on mortality in motor vehicle collisions. J Trauma. 64(3):614–619. doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e318164d071.
  • Ejima S, Zama Y, Ono K, Kaneoka K, Shiina I, Asada H. 2009. Prediction of pre-impact occupant kinematic behavior based on the muscle activity during frontal collision. Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Conference. Stuttgart, Germany.
  • Fahlstedt M, Meng S, Kleiven S. 2022. Influence of strain post-processing on brain injury prediction. J Biomech. 132:110940. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110940.
  • Forman J, Lin H, Gepner B, Wu T, Panzer M. 2019. Occupant safety in automated vehicles-effect of seatback recline on occupant restraint. IJAE. 10(2):139–143., doi:10.20485/jsaeijae.10.2_139.
  • Gepner BD, Perez-Rapela D, Forman JL, Ostling M, Pipkorn B, Kerrigan JR. 2022. Evaluation of GHBMC, THUMS and SAFER Human Body Models in Frontal Impacts in Reclined Postures. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Porto, Portugal.
  • Górniak A, Matla J, Górniak W, Magdziak-Tokłowicz M, Krakowian K, Zawiślak M, Włostowski R, Cebula J. 2022. Influence of a passenger position seating on recline seat on a head injury during a frontal crash. Sensors (Basel). 22(5):2003. doi:10.3390/s22052003.
  • Grébonval C, Trosseille X, Petit P, Wang X, Beillas P. 2021. Effects of seat pan and pelvis angles on the occupant response in a reclined position during a frontal crash. PLoS One. 16(9):e0257292. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257292.
  • Håland Y, Nilson G. 1991. Seat belt pretensioners to avoid the risk of submarining-a study of lap-belt slippage factors. Proceedings of the International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV) conference. Paris, France. p. 1060–1068.
  • Izumiyama T, Nishida N, Yamagata H, Asahi R, Chen X, Ohgi J, Sugimoto S, Fukushima M. 2022. Analysis of individual variabilities for lumbar and pelvic alignment in highly reclined seating postures and occupant kinematics in a collision. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Porto, Portugal.
  • Klein C, Weber J, Gonzalez Garcia M, Lancashire R, Compigne S, Mroz K, Wolkenstein M, Schachner M, Breitfuss D, Ghosh P, et al. 2019. Homologation scenario demonstration using advanced harmonized HBMs (No. D4.3), OSCCAR: Future Occupant Safety For Crashes In Cars. https://www.osccarproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/OSCCAR_D_4.3.pdf.
  • Larsson E, Iraeus J, Fice J, Pipkorn B, Jakobsson L, Brynskog E, Brolin K, Davidsson J. 2019. Active human body model predictions compared to volunteer response in experiments with braking, lane change, and combined manoeuvres. Proceedings of the International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IROCBI) Conference. Florence, Italy.
  • Larsson K-J. 2023. Human body model morphing for assessment of crash rib fracture risk for the population of car occupants. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg. https://research.chalmers.se/publication/535578/file/535578_Fulltext.pdf.
  • Larsson K-J, Blennow A, Iraeus J, Pipkorn B, Lubbe N. 2021. Rib cortical bone fracture risk as a function of age and rib strain: updated injury prediction using finite element human body models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 9:677768. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.677768.
  • Leung YC, Tarriere C, Lestrelin D, Hureau J, Got C, Guillon F, Patel A. 1982. Submarining injuries of 3 Pt. belted occupants in frontal ­collisions―Description, mechanisms and protection. SAE transactions 3521–3553. doi:10.4271/821158.
  • Mahdinia I, Khattak AJ, Haque AM. 2022. How effective are pedestrian crash prevention systems in improving pedestrian safety? Harnessing large-scale experimental data. Accid Anal Prev. 171:106669. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2022.106669.
  • Matsuda T, Yamada K, Hayashi S, Kitagawa Y. 2018. Simulation of occupant posture changes due to evasive manoeuvres and injury predictions in vehicle frontal and side collisions. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Athens, Greece.
  • Matsushita T, Saito H, Sunnevång C, Östling M, Vishwanatha A, Tabhane A. 2019. Evaluation of the protective performance of a novel restraint system for highly automated vehicles (HAV). Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Conference. Eindhoven, Netherlands.
  • Mishra E, Mroz K, Lubbe N. 2023. Repositioning forward-leaning passengers by seatbelt pre-pretensioning. Traffic Inj Prev. 24(8):716–721. doi:10.1080/15389588.2023.2239408.
  • Mishra E, Mroz K, Pipkorn B, Lubbe N. 2022. Effects of automated emergency braking and seatbelt pre-pretensioning on occupant injury risks in high-severity frontal crashes. Front Future Transp. 3:883951. doi:10.3389/ffutr.
  • Mroz K, Lubbe N, Östling M. 2020a. With or without foot support? Influence on reclined SAFER human body model kinematics and loading. https://www.carhs.de/en/conference_proceedings/product/human-modeling-2020-replay.html.
  • Mroz K, Östling M, Klug C, Höschele P, Lubbe N. 2022. Supplementing future occupant safety assessments with severe intersection crashes selected using the SAFER human body model. SAE Int J Trans Safety. 10(2):211–233. doi:10.4271/09-10-02-0011.
  • Mroz K, Östling M, Richardson R, Kerrigan J, Forman J, Gepner B, Lubbe N, Pipkorn B. 2020b. Effect of seat and seat belt characteristics on the lumbar spine and pelvis loading of the SAFER human body model in reclined postures. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Munich, Germany.
  • Mroz K, Östling M, Shin J, Donlon JP, Kerrigan J, Lubbe N. 2023. Chest injury assessment of reclined occupants in frontal impacts with the SAFER human body model in comparison to the THOR and Hybrid-III 50th percentile male ATDs. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Cambridge, UK.
  • Ólafsdóttir JM, Östh J, Brolin K. 2019. Modelling reflex recruitment of neck muscles in a finite element human body model for simulating omnidirectional head kinematics. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Florence, Italy.
  • Östh J, Bohman K, Jakobsson L. 2020. Evaluation of kinematics and restraint interaction when repositioning a driver from a reclined to an upright position prior to frontal impact using active human body model simulations. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Munich, Germany.
  • Östh J, Brolin K, Bråse D. 2015. A human body model with active muscles for simulation of pretensioned restraints in autonomous braking interventions. Traffic Inj Prev. 16(3):304–313. doi:10.1080/15389588.2014.931949.
  • Östh J, Larsson E, Jakobsson L. 2022. Human body model muscle activation influence on crash response. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Porto, Portugal.
  • Östling M, Larsson A. 2019. Occupant activities and sitting positions in automated vehicles in China and Sweden. Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Conference. Eindhoven, Netherlands.
  • Östling M, Lubbe N. 2022. Load-limiting in the lap belt reduces injury risks associated with new seating positions. Int J Crashworthiness. 28(5):591–600. doi:10.1080/13588265.2022.2109882.
  • Östling M, Sunnevång C, Svensson C, Kock H-C. 2017. Potential future seating positions and the impact on injury risks in a Learning Intelligent Vehicle (LIV). Proceedings of the 11th VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit, Berlin, Germany. ISSN 0083-5560.
  • Page Y, Cuny S, Hermitte T, Labrousse M. 2012. A comprehensive overview of the frequency and the severity of injuries sustained by car occupants and subsequent implications in terms of injury prevention. Ann Adv Automot Med. 56:165–174.
  • Pipkorn B, Jakobsson L, Iraeus J, Östh J. 2023. THE SAFER HBM – A human body model for seamless integrated occupant analysis for all road users. Presented at the the 27th International Technical Conference On The Enhanced Safety Of Vehicles (ESV). Yokohama, Japan.
  • Poplin GS, McMurry TL, Forman JL, Hartka T, Park G, Shaw G, Shin J, Joo Kim H, Crandall J. 2015. Nature and etiology of hollow-organ abdominal injuries in frontal crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 78:51–57. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.02.015.
  • Poulard D, Subit D, Donlon J-P, Kent RW. 2015. Development of a computational framework to adjust the pre-impact spine posture of a whole-body model based on cadaver tests data. J Biomech. 48(4):636–643. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.050.
  • Richard O, Uriot J, Trosseille X, Sokolowski M. 2015. Occupant restraint optimisation in frontal crash to mitigate the risk of submarining in out-of-position situation. Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Lyon, France.
  • Richardson R, Donlon JP, Chastain K, Shaw G, Forman J, Sochor S, Jayathirtha M, Kopp K, Overby B, Gepner B. 2019. Test methodology for evaluating the reclined seating environment with human surrogates. Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Eindhoven, Netherlands.
  • Richardson R, Donlon J-P, Jayathirtha M, Forman JL, Shaw G, Gepner B, Kerrigan JR, Östling M, Mroz K, Pipkorn B., 2020. Kinematic and injury response of reclined PMHS in frontal impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 64:83–153. doi:10.4271/2020-22-0004.
  • Saito H, Matsushita T, Pipkorn B, Boström O. 2016. Evaluation of frontal impact restraint system in integrated safety scenario using human body model with PID controlled active muscles. Proceedings of the International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) Conference. Malaga, Spain.
  • Scanlon JM, Kusano KD, Gabler HC. 2015. Analysis of driver evasive maneuvering prior to intersection crashes using event data recorders. Traffic Inj Prev. 16 (sup2):S182–S189. doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1066500.
  • Schneider LW, Robbins DH, Pflug MA, Snyder RG. 1983. Development of anthropometrically based design specifications for an advanced adult anthropomorphic dummy family, volume 1. final report. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/259/72268.0001.001.pdf.
  • Schoeneburg R, Baumann K-H, Fehring M, Ag D, Cars M. 2011. The efficiency of PRE-SAFE systems in pre-braked frontal collision situations. Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Washington DC, USA.
  • Shin J, Donlon JP, Richardson R, Espelien C, Sochor S, Gallaher M, Luong V, Gepner B, Forman J, Östling M, et al. 2023. Comparison of thoracolumbar spine kinematics and injuries in reclined frontal impact sled tests between mid-size adult female and male PMHS. Accid Anal Prev. 193:107334., doi:10.1016/j.aap.2023.107334.
  • Somasundaram K, Hauschild H, Driesslein K, Pintar FA. 2023a. Small female occupant response in reclined and upright seated postures in frontal impacts. J Biomech Eng. 146(3):1–35. doi:10.1115/1.4062708.
  • Somasundaram K, Humm JR, Yoganandan N, Hauschild H, Driesslein K, Pintar FA. 2023b. Obese occupant response in reclined and upright seated postures in frontal impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 66:31–68. doi:10.4271/2022-22-0002.
  • Stockman I. 2016. Safety for children in cars: Focus on three point seatbelts in emergency events. Chalmers University of Technology. https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/241824/241824.pdf.
  • Tushak SK, Gepner BD, Forman JL, Hallman JJ, Pipkorn B, Kerrigan JR. 2023. Human lumbar spine injury risk in dynamic combined compression and flexion loading. Ann Biomed Eng. 51(6):1216–1225. doi:10.1007/s10439-022-03126-5.
  • Umale S, Khandelwal P, Humm J, Pintar F, Yoganandan N. 2022. Comparison of small female occupant model responses with experimental data in a reclined posture. Traffic Inj Prev. 23(sup1):S211–S213. doi:10.1080/15389588.2022.2125237.
  • Yoganandan N, Somasundaram K, Pintar F. 2023. Analysis of experimental injuries to obese occupants with different postures in frontal impact. Accid Anal Prev. 193:107294. 107294. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2023.107294.