Bigels as novel systems for the delivery active compounds from Centella asiatica

References

• Ramli, S.; Xian, W. J.; Abd Mutalib, N. A. A Review: Antibacterial Activities, Antioxidant Properties and Toxicity Profile of Centella Asiatica. EDUCATUM J. Sci. Math. Technol. 2020, 7(1), 39–47. DOI: 10.37134/ejsmt.vol7.1.5.2020.
   Google Scholar
• Karłowicz-Bodalska, K.; Han, S.; Han, T.; Miranowicz, M.; Bodalska, A. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, syn. Hydrocotyle asiatica L. – Wąkrota azjatycka – znana roślina lecznicza Dalekiego Wschodu. Postępy Fitoterapii. 2013, 4, 225–235.
   Google Scholar
• Bylka, W.; Znajdek-Awiżeń, P.; Studzińska-Sroka, E.; Dańczak-Pazdrowska, A.; Brzezińska, M. Centella Asiatica in Dermatology: An Overview. Phytother. Res. 2014, 28(8), 1117–1124. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arribas-López, E.; Zand, N.; Ojo, O.; Snowden, M. J.; Kochhar, T. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Centella Asiatica on Wound Healing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022, 19(6), 3266. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rattanakom, S.; Yasurin, P. Review: Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Chemical Profile of Centella Asiatica. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 2014, 7(2), 445–451. DOI: 10.13005/bpj/510.
   Google Scholar
• Hashim, P.; Sidek, H.; Helan, M. H. M.; Sabery, A.; Palanisamy, U. D.; Ilham, M. Triterpene Composition and Bioactivities of Centella Asiatica. Molecules. 2011, 16(2), 1310–1222. DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Gautam, A.; Sharma, A.; Batra, A. Centella Asiatica (L.): A Plant with Immense Medicinal Potential but Threatened. Int J. Pharm Sci. Rev. Res. 2010, 4(2), 9–17.
   Google Scholar
• Wasli, A. L.; Wan Ismail, W. A.; Zamery, M. I. Review on Pharmacological and Potential Cosmeceutical Values of Centella Asiatica (Pegaga). IJPNaCS. 2022, 5(1), 13–32. DOI: 10.24191/IJPNaCS.v5i1.02.
   Google Scholar
• Gohil, K. J.; Patel, J. A.; Gajjar, A. K. Pharmacological Review on Centella Asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-All. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 72(5), 546–556. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.78519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankowiak, W.; Schaschner, K. Surowce roślinne w kosmetyce – fitokosmetyki. Kosmetologia Estetyczna. 2013, 4(2), 239–241.
   Google Scholar
• Seevaratnam, V.; Banumathi, P.; Premalatha, M. R.; Sundaram, S.; Arumugam, T. Functional Properties of Centella Asiatica (L.): A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2012, 4(5), 8–14.
   Google Scholar
• Centella Asiatica Monograph. Altern. Med. Rev. 2007, 12[1], 69–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sushma, T.; Sangeeta, G.; Gambir, I. S. Centella Asiatica a Concise Drug Review with Probable Clinical Uses. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 2011, 7, 39–44.
   Google Scholar
• Hamdy, E. PDR for Herbal Medicines, 4th ed.; Thomson Healthcare: 2007; pp. 359–361. Medical Economics Company Inc: Montvale.
   Google Scholar
• Chandrika, U. G.; Prasad Kumarab, P. A. Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica): Nutritional Properties and Plausible Health Benefits. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 2015, 76, 125–157. DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.08.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner, P. T.; White, T. A. C.; McPhail, D. B.; Duthie, G. G. The Relative Contributions of Vitamin C, Carotenoids and Phenolics to the Antioxidant Potential of Fruit Juices. Food Chem. 2000, 68(4), 471–474. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00225-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkhaus, B.; Lindner, M.; Schuppan, D.; Hahn, E. G. Chemical, Pharmacological and Clinical Profile of the East Asian Medical Plant Centella Asiatica. Phytomedicine. 2000, 7(5), 427–448. DOI: 10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80065-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bylka, W.; Znajdek-Awiżeń, P.; Studzińska-Sroka, E.; Brzezińska, M. Centella Asiatica in Cosmetology. Postęp. Derm. Alergol. 2013, 30(1), 46–49. DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.33378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratz-Łyko, A.; Arct, J. Kosmetyczne i dermatologiczne właściwości Centella asiatica. Pol. J. Cosmetol. 2015, 18(1), 25–30.
   Google Scholar
• Randriamapapionona, D.; Diallo, B.; Rakotoniriana, F. Comparative Analysis of Active Constituents in Centella Asiatica Samples from Madagascar: Application for ex situ Conservation and Clonal Propagation. Fitoterapia. 2007, 78(7–8), 482–489. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zainol, M. K.; Abd-Hamid, A.; Yusof, S.; Muse, R. Antioxidative Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds of Leaf, Root and Petiole of Four Accessions of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban. Food Chem. 2003, 81(4), 575–581. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00498-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safety Assessment of Centella Asiatica-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review. 2015. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/centel062015FR.pdf (accessed Apr 11, 2023)
   Google Scholar
• Wyszowska-Kolatko, M. Ocena aktywności biologicznej in vitro wyciągów z wąkroty azjatyckiej. Jagiellonian University: Cracow, 2019. http://www.dl.cm-uj.krakow.pl:8080/dlibra/publication/4316/edition/4315/content (accesed Apr 11, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Caldorera-Moore, M.; Peppas, N. A. Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Intelligent and Responsive Biomaterial-Based Medical Systems. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2009, 61, 1391–1401. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, M. C.; Choi, W. Y.; Seo, Y. C.; Kim, J. S.; Yoon, C. S.; Lim, H. W.; Kim, H. S.; Ahn, J. H.; Lee, H. Y. Enhancement of the Skin-Protective Activities of Centella Asiatica L. Urban by a Nano-Encapsulation Process. J. Biotechnol. 2012, 157(1), 100–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratz-Łyko, A.; Arct, J.; Pytkowska, K. Moisturizing and Antiinflammatory Properties of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Centella Asiatica Extract. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2016, 78(1), 27–33. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.180247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeran, M.; Goyal, S. N.; Suchal, K.; Sharma, C.; Patil, C. R.; Ojha, S. K. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol. 2018, 9, 1–35. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maquart, F. X.; Chastang, F.; Simeon, A.; Birembaut, P.; Gillery, P.; Wegrowski, Y. Triterpenes from Centella Asiatica Stimulate Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Rat Experimental Wounds. Eur. J. Dermatol. 1999, 9(4), 289–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunilkumar, P.; Parameshwaraiah, S.; Shivakumar, H. G. Evaluation of Topical Formulations of Aqueous Extract of Centella Asiatica on Open Wounds in Rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1998, 36(6), 569–572.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mallol, J.; Belda, M. A.; Costa, D.; Noval, A.; Sola, M. Prophylaxis of Striae Gravidarum with a Topical Formulation. A Double Blind Trial. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 1991, 13(1), 51–57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1991.tb00547.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riska, F. P.; Wong, L. W.; Mun’im, A. Effect of a Combination of Extract of Centella Asiatica L. Leaves and Extract of Green Coffee (Coffea Canephora Robusta P.) Beans in a Cream Preparation for Grade 1-3 Cellulite and Slimming. Makara J. Sci. 2013, 17(1), 1–5. DOI: 10.7454/mss.v17i1.1627.
   Google Scholar
• Venesia, N. F.; Fachrial, E. Effectiveness Test of Centella Asiatica Extract on Improvement of Collagen and Hydration in Female White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus Wistar). ASRJETS. 2020, 65(1), 98–107.
   Google Scholar
• Maramaldi, G.; Togni, S.; Franceschi, F.; Lati, E. Anti-Inflammaging and Antiglycation Activity of a Novel Botanical Ingredient from African Biodiversity (Centevita™) Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014, 7, 1–9. DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S49924.
   Google Scholar
• Khuanekkaphan, M.; Noysang, C.; Khobjai, W. Anti-Aging Potential and Phytochemicals of Centella asiatica, Nelumbo nucifera, and Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extracts. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 2020, 11(4), 174–178. DOI: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_79_20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romo, E. M.; Fundora, F. P.; Albajes, C. R.; López, L. E.; Hana, Z. The Effectiveness of Cream with Centella Asiatica and Pinus Sylvestris to Treat Scars and Burns. Clinical Trail. Dermatologia Kliniczna. 2012, 14(2), 105–110.
   Google Scholar
• Kulawik-Pióro, A.; Ptaszek, A.; Kruk, J. Effective Tool for Assessment of the Quality of Barrier Creams -Relationships Between Rheological, Textural and Sensory Properties. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2019, 103, 113–123. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedare, B.; Singh, R. P. Genesis and Development of DPPH Method of Antioxidant Assay. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2011, 48(4), 412–422. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0251-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munteanu, I. G.; Apetrei, C. Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3380. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM Standard E 96/E 96M-05. Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Kulawik-Pióro, A.; Klimaszewska, E.; Ogorzałek, M.; Rożnawska, K.; Ruman, J. Effectiveness of Protective Preparations: Impact of Vegetable Oil Additives to Recipes. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech. 2020, 122(12), 2000130. DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM E1490-19. Standard Guide for Two Sensory Descriptive Analysis Approaches for Skin Creams and Lotions; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Qureshi, S. A.; Solanki, H. A. FT-IR Analysis of the Crude Sample of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb. Leaves, Vidya. J. Gujarat Univ. 2020, 1(1), 24–36.
   Google Scholar
• Dhivya, S. M.; Kalaichelvi, K. UV-Vis Spectroscopic and FTIR Analysis of Sarcostemma Brevistigma. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. 2017, 9(3), 46–49. DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i3.18890.
   Google Scholar
• Vuong, L. D.; Tung Luan, N. D.; Hong Ngoc, D.; Anh, P. T. Application of Ultrasound for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Fresh Leaf Extract of Centella Asiatica and Their Antimicrobial Activity. J. Nano. Energy Power Res. 2014, 3, 1–5. DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X16500186.
   Google Scholar
• Soundra Pandian, G. Ultraviolet Spectrum of Extract of Centella Asiatica (Vallarai) in Edible Oil as Supplement. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2008, 11(4), 425–426. DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23519.
   Google Scholar
• Duan, Y. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrum Characterizations of Quercetin in Aqueous Ethanol Solution with Different pH Values. J. Chem. Pharm. 2014, 6(9), 236–240.
   Google Scholar
• Rebia, R. A.; Binti Sadon, N. S.; Tanaka, T. Natural Antibacterial Reagents (Centella, Propolis, and Hinokitiol) Loaded into Poly[(r)-3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-(R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoate] Composite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials. 2019, 9(12), 1665. DOI: 10.3390/nano9121665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurlaily, A.; Noor Baitee, A. R.; Musalmah, M. Comparative Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Extracts of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban and Its Active Compounds, Asiaticoside and Madecassoside. Med. Health. 2012, 7, 62–72.
   Google Scholar
• Shakeel, A.; Farooq, U.; Gabriele, D.; Marangoni, A. G.; Lupi, F. R. Bigels and Multi-Component Organogels: An Overview from Rheological Perspective. Food Hydrocoll. 2021, 111, 106190. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakeel, A.; Farooq, U.; Iqbal, T.; Yasin, S.; Lupi, F. R.; Gabriele, D. Key Characteristics and Modelling of Bigels Systems: A Review. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2019, 97, 932–953. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, A. J.; Silva, P.; Maciel, F.; Pastrana, L. M.; Cunha, R. L.; Cerqueira, M. A.; Vicente, A. A. Hybrid Gels: Influence of Oleogel/Hydrogel Ratio on Rheological and Textural Properties. Food. Res. Int. 2019, 116, 1298–1305. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, R. M.; Magalhães, W. V.; da Silva Sufi, B.; Padovani, G.; Nazato, L.; Velasco, M. V.; da Silva Lannes, S. C.; Rolim Baby, A. R. Vitamin E-Loaded Bigels and Emulsions: Physicochemical Characterization and Potential Biological Application. Colloids Surf. B. 2021, 201, 111651. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martín-Illana, A.; Notario-Pérez, F.; Cazorla-Luna, R.; Ruiz-Caro, R.; Bonferoni, M. C.; Tamayo, A.; Veiga, M. D. Bigels as Drug Delivery Systems: From Their Components to Their Applications. Drug Discov. Today. 2022, 27(4), 1008–1026. DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, A. R.; Mankoč, B.; BinSintang, M. D.; Lesafferband, A.; Dewettinck, K. Fumed Silica-Based Organogels and ‘Aqueous-organic’ Bigels. R.S.C. Adv. 2015, 5(13), 9703–9708. DOI: 10.1039/C4RA15437A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wróblewska, M.; Szekalska, M.; Hafner, A.; Winnicka, K. Oleogels and Bigels as Topical Drug Carriers for Ketoconazole and Development and in vitro Characterization, Acta Pol. Pharm. Drug Res. 2018, 75(3), 777–786.
   Google Scholar
• Danila, A.; Ibanescu, S.-A.; Zaharia, C.; Muresan, E. I.; Popescu, A.; Danu, M.; Rotaru, V. Eco-Friendly O/W Emulsions with Potential Application in Skincare Products. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2021, 612, 125969. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallegos-Infante, J. A.; Galindo-Galindo, M. D. P.; Moreno-Jiménez, M. R.; Rocha-Guzmán, N. E.; González-Laredo, R. F. Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Quercus Resinosa on the Mechanical Behavior of Bigels. Sci. Pharm. 2022, 90(4), 73. DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90040073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupi, F. R.; Shakeel, A.; Greco, V.; Rossi, C. O.; Baldino, N.; Gabriele, D. A Rheological and Microstructural Characterization of Bigels for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Uses. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2016, 69, 358–365. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, V. K.; Anis, A.; Banerjee, I.; Pramanik, K.; Bhattacharya, M. K.; Pal, K. Preparation and Characterization of Novel Carbopol Based Bigels for Topical Delivery of Metronidazole for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2014, 44, 151–158. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, F. C.; Calixto, G.; Hatakeyama, I. N.; Luz, G. M.; Gremiăo, M. P.; Chorilli, M. Rheological, Mechanical, and Bioadhesive Behavior of Hydrogels to Optimize Skin Delivery Systems. Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2013, 39(11), 1750–1757. DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.734510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wróblewska, M.; Szymańska, E.; Szekalska, M.; Winnicka, K. Different Types of Gel Carriers as Metronidazole Delivery Systems to the Oral Mucosa. Polymers (Basel). 2020, 12(3), 680. DOI: 10.3390/polym12030680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khelifi, I.; Tourrette, A.; Khelifi, D.; Efferth, T.; Hayouni, E. A.; Ksouri, R.; Bouajila, J. In vitro and in silico Studies of Two 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Their Topical Formulation in Bigels. Curr. Drug Deliv. 2021, 18(7), 955–964. DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210618111118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wróblewska, M.; Słyż, J.; Winnicka, K. Rheological and Textural Properties of Hydrogels, Containing Sulfur as a Model Drug, Made Using Different Polymers Types. Polimery. 2019, 64(3), 208–215. DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2019.3.6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varges, P. M.; Costa, C. S.; Fonseca, B. F.; Naccache, M.; De Souza Mendes, P. R. Rheological Characterization of Carbopol® Dispersions in Water and in Water/Glycerol Solutions. Fluids. 2019, 4(1), 3. DOI: 10.3390/fluids4010003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul Hamid, A.; Md-Shah, Z.; Muse, R.; Mohamed, S. Characterization of Antioxidative of Centella Asiatica L Urban. Food Chem. 2002, 77(4), 465–469. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00384-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jhansi, D.; Kola, M. The Antioxidant Potential of Centella Asiatica: A Review. JMPS. 2019, 7(2), 18–20.
   Google Scholar
• Hashim, P. Mini Review Centella Asiatica in Food Beverage Applications and Its Potential Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effect. Int. Food Res. J. 2011, 18(4), 1215–1222.
   Google Scholar
• Malinowska, P. Antioxidant Compounds Used in Cosmetic Industry. Zesz. Nauk. 2011, 178, 30–39.
   Google Scholar
• Marcinkiewicz-Salmonowiczowa, J. Zarys chemii i technologii kosmetyków; Wydawnictwo Politechniki Gdańskiej: Gdańsk, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Lupo, M. P. Antioxidants and Vitamins in Cosmetics. Clin. Dermatol. 2001, 19(4), 467–473. DOI: 10.1016/s0738-081x(01)00188-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel, E. N. Lipid Oxidation; The Oily Press LTD: Dundee, Scotland, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Laguerre, M.; Lecomte, J.; Villeneuve, P. Evaluation of the Ability of Antioxidants to Counteract Lipidoxidation: Existing Methods, New Trends and Challenges. Prog. lipid res. 2007, 46(5), 244–282. DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.05.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idris, F. N.; Mohd Nadzir, M. Comparative Studies on Different Extraction Methods of Centella Asiatica and Extracts Bioactive Compounds Effects on Antimicrobial Activities. Antibiotics. 2021, 10(4), 457. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040457.
   Google Scholar
• Idris, F.; Mohd Nadzir, M. Antimicrobial Activity of Centella Asiatica on Aspergillus Niger and Bacillus Subtilis. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2017, 56, 1381–1386. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756231.
   Google Scholar
• Nasution, Y.; Restuati, M.; Pulungan, A. S.; Pratiwi, N.; Diningrat, D. S. Antimicrobial Activities of Centella Asiatica Leaf and Root Extracts on Selected Pathogenic Micro-Organisms. J. Med. Sci. 2018, 18(4), 198–204. DOI: 10.3923/jms.2018.198.204.
   Google Scholar
• Kędzia, B.; Bobkiewicz-Kozłowska, T.; Furmanowa, M.; Mikołajczak, P.; Hołderna-Kędzia, E.; Okulicz-Kozaryn, I.; Wójcik, J.; Guzewska, J.; Buchwald, W.; Mścisz, A., et al. Studies on the Biological Properties of Extracts from Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban Herb. Hebra. Pol. 2007, 53(1), 34–44.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, J. X.; Ramli, S. Antimicrobial Activity of Different Types of Centella Asiatica Extracts Against Foodborne Pathogens and Food Spoilage Microorganisms. LWT. 2021, 142, 111026. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyingbe, O. S.; Mongalo, N. I.; Makhafola, T. J. In vitro Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb, Warburgia Salutaris (Bertol. F.) Chiov and Curtisia Dentata (Burm. F.) C.A.sm - Medicinal Plants Used in South Africa. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2018, 18(1), 315. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2378-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niamnuy, C.; Charoenchaitrakool, M.; Mayachiew, P.; Devahastin, S. Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban Prepared by Different Drying Methods and Conditions. Dry. Technol. 2013, 31(16), 2007–2015. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2013.839563.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Talib, H.; Ali, N. D. M.; Suhaimi, M. H.; Rosli, S. S. N.; Othman, N. H.; Mansor, N. A. S.; Shah, A. K. S.; Ariffin, N. S.; Al-Khateeb, A. Antimicrobial Effect of Malaysian Vegetables Against Enteric Bacteria. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2016, 6(3), 211–215. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.12.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieberi, B. M.; Omwenga, G. I.; Wambua, R. K.; Samoei, J. C.; Ngugi, M. P. Screening of the Dichloromethane: Methanolic Extract of Centella Asiatica for Antibacterial Activities Against Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella Sonnei, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus Aureus. Hindawi Sci. World J. 2020, 2020, 1–8. DOI: 10.1155/2020/6378712.
   Google Scholar
• Stankovic, M.; Stefanovic, N.; Comic, L.; Topuzovic, N.; Radojević, I.; Solujić, S. Antimicrobial Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Flavonoid Concentrations of Teucrium Species. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 2012, 7(4), 664–671. DOI: 10.2478/s11535-012-0048-x.
   Google Scholar
• Mahboubi, A.; Kamalinejad, M.; Ayatollahi, A. M.; Babaeian, M. Total Phenolic Content and Antibacterial Activity of Five Plants of Labiatae Against Four Foodborne and Some Other Bacteria. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2014, 13(2), 559–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panathula, C. S.; Mahadev, M. D.; Naidu, C. V. Phytochemical Investigations and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban. A Potent Anti-Jaundice Medicinal Plant. Int. J. Phytomedicine. 2014, 6, 195–200.
   Google Scholar
• Polash, S. A.; Sasha, T.; Hossain, M. S.; Sarker, S. R. Investigation of the Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of the Andrographis Paniculata Leaf and Stem Extracts. Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 8(05), 149–162. DOI: 10.4236/abb.2017.85012.
   Google Scholar
• Morganti, P.; Celleno, L.; Vasselli, A. A New Transdermal Delivery Cosmetics System to Control the Skin Localized Lipodystrophy. J. Appl. Cosmetol. 1999, 13, 15–20.
   Google Scholar
• James, J. T.; Dubery, I. A. Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Medicinal Herb Centella Asiatica L. Urban. Molecules. 2009, 14(10), 3922–3941. DOI: 10.3390/molecules14103922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia, F.; Celleno, L. The Dynamics Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) from Hydrated Skin. Skin Res. Technol. 2002, 8(3), 178–186. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0846.2002.10342.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camargo Junior, F. B.; Gaspar, K. R.; Goncalves, P. M.; Campos, M. Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Polysaccharides-Based Formulation on Human Skin. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 2012, 48(3), 547–550. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-82502012000300022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, M.; Joseph, L. Anti-Allergic, Anti-Pruritic and Inflammatory Activities of Centella Asiatica. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2009, 3(6), 554–559. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v6i4.57206.
   Google Scholar