Mortality in Patients Admitted for Concurrent COPD Exacerbation and Pneumonia

References

• Hoyert DL, Xu JQ. Deaths: preliminary data for 2011. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2012; 61(6):1–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J, Arias E. Mortality in the United States, 2013. NCHS Data Brief 2014; 178:1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marrie TJ, Wu L. Factors influencing in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study of patients not initially admitted to the ICU. Chest 2005; 127(4):1260–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holguin F, Folch E, Redd SC, Mannino DM. Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001. Chest 2005; 128(4):2005–2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rello J, Rodriguez A, Torres A, Roig J, Sole-Violan J, Garnacho-Montero J, et al. Implications of COPD in patients admitted to the intensive care unit by community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2006; 27(6):1210–1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Pugh JA, Anzueto A. COPD is associated with increased mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2006; 28(2):346–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinos L, Clemente MG, Miranda B, Alvarez C, del BB, Cocina BR, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Infect 2009; 58(6):417–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neupane B, Walter SD, Krueger P, Marrie T, Loeb M. Predictors of inhospital mortality and re-hospitalization in older adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2010; 10:22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liapikou A, Polverino E, Ewig S, Cilloniz C, Marcos MA, Mensa J, et al. Severity and outcomes of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients. Eur Respir J 2012; 39(4):855–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewig S, Birkner N, Strauss R, Schaefer E, Pauletzki J, Bischoff H, et al. New perspectives on community-acquired pneumonia in 388 406 patients. Results from a nationwide mandatory performance measurement programme in healthcare quality. Thorax 2009; 64(12):1062–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snijders D, van der EM, de Graaff C, Boersma W. The influence of COPD on mortality and severity scoring in community-acquired pneumonia. Respiration 2010; 79(1):46–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz De Ona JM, Gomez FM, Celdran J, Puente-Maestu L. [Pneumonia in the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Levels of severity and risk classification]. Arch Bronconeumol 2003; 39(3):101–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pifarre R, Falguera M, Vicente-de-Vera C, Nogues A. Characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2007; 101(10):2139–2144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Gelfer Y, Varshavsky R, Dvoskin B, Leinonen M, et al. Pneumonic vs nonpneumonic acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2002; 122(4):1264–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steer J, Gibson GJ, Bourke SC. Predicting outcomes following hospitalization for acute exacerbations of COPD. QJM 2010; 103(11):817–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myint PK, Lowe D, Stone RA, Buckingham RJ, Roberts CM. U.K. National COPD Resources and Outcomes Project 2008: patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations who present with radiological pneumonia have worse outcome compared to those with non-pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Respiration 2011; 82(4):320–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boixeda R, Bacca S, Elias L, Capdevila JA, Vila X, Mauri M, et al. Pneumonia as comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Differences between acute exacerbation of COPD and pneumonia in patients with COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2014; 50(12):514–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huerta A, Crisafulli E, Menendez R, Martinez R, Soler N, Guerrero M, et al. Pneumonic and nonpneumonic exacerbations of COPD: inflammatory response and clinical characteristics. Chest 2013; 144(4):1134–1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loke YK, Kwok CS, Wong JM, Sankaran P, Myint PK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mortality from pneumonia: meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67(5):477–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singanayagam A, Schembri S, Chalmers JD. Predictors of mortality in hospitalized adults with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013; 10(2):81–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jeong SW, Lee JH, Choi KJ. Comparisons of clinical characteristics and outcomes in COPD patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation. Tuberc Respir Disord 2010; 69(1):31–38.
   Google Scholar
• Pflug MA, Tiutan T, Wesemann T, Nullmann H, Heppner HJ, Pientka L, et al. Short-term mortality of adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia: external validation of a modified CURB-65 score. Postgrad Med J 2015; 91(1072):77–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesemann T, Nullmann H, Pflug M, Heppner H, Pientka L, Thiem U. Pneumonia severity, comorbidity and 1-year mortality in predominantly older adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15(1):2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres A, Dorca J, Zalacain R, Bello S, El-Ebiary M, Molinos L, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Spanish multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154(5):1456–1461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim WS, Lewis S, Macfarlane JT. Severity prediction rules in community acquired pneumonia: a validation study. Thorax 2000; 55(3):219–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst P, Gonzalez AV, Brassard P, Suissa S. Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176(2):162–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joo MJ, Au DH, Fitzgibbon ML, Lee TA. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of pneumonia in newly diagnosed COPD. Respir Med 2010; 104(2):246–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino DM, Davis KJ, Kiri VA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hospitalizations for pneumonia in a US cohort. Respir Med 2009; 103(2):224–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holguin F, Folch E, Redd SC, Mannino DM. Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001. Chest 2005; 128(4):2005–2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil SP, Krishnan JA, Lechtzin N, Diette GB. In-hospital mortality following acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(10):1180–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrales-Medina VF, Musher DM, Wells GA, Chirinos JA, Chen L, Fine MJ. Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: incidence, timing, risk factors, and association with short-term mortality. Circulation 2012; 125(6):773–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vila-Corcoles A, Ochoa-Gondar O, Llor C, Hospital I, Rodriguez T, Gomez A. Protective effect of pneumococcal vaccine against death by pneumonia in elderly subjects. Eur Respir J 2005; 26(6):1086–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Yu O, Benson P, Barlow WE, Adams AL, et al. Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults. New England J Med 2003; 348(18):1747–1755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janda S, Young A, FitzGerald JM, Etminan M, Swiston J. The effect of statins on mortality from severe infections and sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care 2010; 25(4):656–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doshi SM, Kulkarni PA, Liao JM, Rueda AM, Musher DM. The impact of statin and macrolide use on early survival in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 2013; 345(3):173–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyseth V, Brekke PH, Smith P, Omland T. Statin use is associated with reduced mortality in COPD. Eur Respir J 2007; 29(2):279–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeto HC, Coleman RK, Gholami P, Hoffman BB, Goldstein MK. Accuracy of computerized outpatient diagnoses in a veterans affairs general medicine clinic. Am J Manage Care 2002; 8(1):37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bossarte R. Overview of VA/DoD Joint Mortality Data Repository and Data From Studies Conducted by the Epidemiology Program. 2-17-2015. 5-6-2015. http://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/for_researchers/cyber_seminars/archives/931-notes.pdf
   Google Scholar