185
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Poison Centre Research

Clinical outcomes associated with orphenadrine deliberate self-poisoning: a retrospective poisons centre study

& ORCID Icon
Pages 168-173 | Received 28 Nov 2023, Accepted 21 Feb 2024, Published online: 25 Mar 2024

References

  • Danze LK, Langdorf MI. Reversal of orphenadrine-induced ventricular tachycardia with physostigmine. J Emerg Med. 1991;9(6):453–457. doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(91)90217-4.
  • Mao YC, Hung DZ, Yang CC, et al. Full recovery from a potentially lethal dose of orphenadrine ingestion using conservative treatment: a case report. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010;29(11):961–963. doi: 10.1177/0960327110364642.
  • Garza MB, Osterhoudt KC, Rutstein R. Central anticholinergic syndrome from orphenadrine in a 3 year old. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2000;16(2):97–98. doi: 10.1097/00006565-200004000-00008.
  • Van Herreweghe I, Mertens K, Maes V, et al. Orphenadrine poisoning in a child: clinical and analytical data. Intensive Care Med. 1999;25(10):1134–1136. doi: 10.1007/s001340051024.
  • Cheah KY, Mah KY, Pang LH, et al. A randomized single-dose, two-period crossover bioequivalence study of two fixed-dose paracetamol/orphenadrine combination preparations in healthy volunteers under fasted condition. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020;21(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s40360-020-00416-3.
  • Brocks DR. Anticholinergic drugs used in Parkinson’s disease: an overlooked class of drugs from a pharmacokinetic perspective. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 1999;2(2):39–46.
  • Lee SY, Oh HJ, Kim JW, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of orphenadrine using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006;839(1–2):118–123. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.056.
  • Furlanut M, Bettio D, Bertin I, et al. Orphenadrine serum levels in a poisoned patient. Hum Toxicol. 1985;4(3):331–333. doi: 10.1177/096032718500400316.
  • Downes MA, Robertson TA, Roberts M, et al. Orphenadrine ingestion: a case series. Proceedings of the 2016 Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology Annual Scientific Meeting; 2016 Nov 17–20; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. Singapore: APAMT. 15th APAMT International Scientific Congress; 2016. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349758137_Orphenadrine_ingestion_A_case_series
  • Saracino MA, Petio C, Vitali M, et al. Determination of orphenadrine plasma levels using HPLC with diode array detection and a novel solid-phase extraction procedure in psychiatric patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009;50(3):501–506. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.010.
  • Dainow II. Deaths after overdoses of orphenadrine. Lancet. 1977;2(8039):664. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92536-3.
  • Sangster B, van Heijst AN, Zimmerman AN. Treatment of orphenadrine overdose. N Engl J Med. 1977;296(17):1006. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197704282961721.
  • Elmalem J, Garnier R, Nguyen Huu Chieu R, et al. Acute poisoning by orphenadrine. Ann Med Interne. 1985;136(8):640–645.
  • Gill DG, Sowerby HA. Orphenadrine poisoning in childhood. Practitioner. 1975;214(1282):542–544.
  • Snyder BD, Kane M, Plocher D. Orphenadrine overdose treated with physostigmine. N Engl J Med. 1976;295(25):1435.
  • Blomquist M, Bonnichsen R, Schubert B. Lethal orphenadrine intoxications. A report of five cases. Z Rechtsmed. 1971;68(2):111–114. doi: 10.1007/BF02116214.
  • Millar WM. Deaths after overdoses of orphenadrine. Lancet. 1977;2(8037):566.
  • Robinson AE, Holder AT, McDowall RD, et al. Forensic toxicology of some orphenadrine-related deaths. Forensic Sci. 1977;9(1):53–62. doi: 10.1016/0300-9432(77)90067-x.
  • Wilkinson LF, Thomson BM, Pannell LK. A report on the analysis of orphenadrine in post mortem specimens. J Anal Toxicol. 1983;7(2):72–75. doi: 10.1093/jat/7.2.72.
  • Stoddart JC, Parkin JM, Wynne NA. Orphenadrine poisoning. A case report. Br J Anaesth. 1968;40(10):789–790. doi: 10.1093/bja/40.10.789.
  • Heinonen J, Heikkil J, Mattila MJ, et al. Orphenadrine poisoning. Archiv Toxikol. 1968;23(4):264–272. doi: 10.1007/BF00577533.
  • Bozza-Marrubini M, Frigerio A, Ghezzi R, et al. Two cases of severe orphenadrine poisoning with atypical features. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1977;41(Suppl. 2):137–152.
  • Malizia E, Sarcinelli L, Pascarella M, et al. Cardiotoxicity from orphenadrine intoxication in humans. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1980;4:425–427.
  • De Mercurio D, Chiarotti M, Giusti GV. Lethal orphenadrine intoxication: report of a case. Z Rechtsmed. 1979;82(4):349–353. doi: 10.1007/BF02092047.
  • Clarke B, Mair J, Rudolf M. Acute poisoning with orphenadrine. Lancet. 1985;1(8442):1386. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91803-3.
  • Mendelson G. Central anticholinergic syndrome reversed by tetrahydroaminacrine (THA). Med J Aust. 1975;2(24):906–909. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1975.tb106431.x.
  • Bennett NB, Kohn J. Case report: orphenadrine overdose cerebral manifestations treated with physostigmine. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1976;4(1):67–67. doi: 10.1177/0310057X7600400113.
  • Sangster B. Dangers of orphenadrine in psychiatric patients. Lancet. 1985;2(8449):280. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90334-4.
  • Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3(1):32–35. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3.
  • Buckley N, McManus P. Fatal toxicity of drugs used in the treatment of psychotic illnesses. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172(6):461–464. doi: 10.1192/bjp.172.6.461.
  • Gjerden P, Slørdal L, Bramness JG. The use of antipsychotic and anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs in Norway after the withdrawal of orphenadrine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;68(2):238–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03446.x.
  • Slørdal L, Gjerden P. Orphenadrine. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174(3):275–276. doi: 10.1192/s0007125000262065.
  • Schulz M, Schmoldt A, Andresen-Streichert H, et al. Revisited: therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of more than 1100 drugs and other xenobiotics. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):195. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02915-5.
  • Zandberg P, Sangster B. The influence of physostigmine on respiratory and circulatory changes caused by overdoses of orphenadrine or imipramine in the rat. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1982;50(3):185–195. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1982.tb00961.x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.