Comparative study on combustion and emission characteristics of gas-to-liquid with diesel on a burner and a naturally aspirated compression ignition engine

References

• Abu-Jrai, A., J. Rodríguez-Fernández, A. Tsolakis, A. Megaritis, K. Theinnoi, R. F. Cracknell, and R. H. Clark. 2009. Performance, combustion and emissions of a diesel engine operated with reformed EGR. Comparison of diesel and GTL fueling. Fuel 88 (6):1031–41. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu-Jrai, A., A. Tsolakis, K. Theinnoi, R. Cracknell, A. Megaritis, M. L. Wyszynski, and S. E. Golunski. 2006. Effect of gas-to-liquid diesel fuels on combustion characteristics, engine emissions, and exhaust gas fuel reforming. comparative study. Energy & Fuels 20 (6):2377–84. doi:10.1021/ef060332a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baranowski, C. J., A. M. Bahmanpour, and O. Kröcher. 2017. Catalytic synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME): A review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 217:407–420. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bermúdez, V., J. M. Lujan, B. Pla, and W. G. Linares. 2011. Comparative Study of Regulated and Unregulated Gaseous Emissions During NEDC in a Light-duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Fischer Tropsch and Biodiesel Fuels. Biomass and Bioenergy 35 (2):789–98. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.10.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, P., C. Zhang, Z. Jing, Y. Peng, J. Jing, and H. Sun. 2021. Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel blending in petrochemical diesel on combustion and emissions of a common-rail diesel engine. Fuel 305:121587. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chansauria, P.; R. K. Mandloi 2018. Effects of ethanol blends on performance of spark ignition engine-A review. Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2): 4066–77.
   Google Scholar
• Demirbas, A., and K. Dincer. 2008. Sustainable green diesel: A futuristic view, Energy sources. Part A: Recovery. Utilization, and Environmental Effects 30 (13):1233–41. doi:10.1080/15567030601082829.
   Google Scholar
• Dewitt, M. J., E. Corporan, J. Graham, and D. Minus. 2008. Effects of aromatic type and concentration in Fischer−Tropsch fuel on emissions production and material compatibility. Energy Fuels 22 (4):2411–18. doi:10.1021/ef8001179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, L., S. Li, Y. Xiao, H. Chen, X. Chen, and M. Yanlei. 2021. Influence of the addition of titanium oxide nanoparticles to Fischer-Tropsch diesel synthesised from coal on the combustion characteristics and particulate emission of a diesel engine. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Part B 145 (1):411–24. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2020.11.030.
   Google Scholar
• Hassaneen, A., A. Munack, Y. Ruschel, O. Schroeder, and J. Krahl. 2012. Fuel economy and emission characteristics of gas-to-liquid (GTL) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) as alternative fuels for diesel engines. Fuel 97:125–30. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heywood, J. B. 1988. Internal combustion engine fundamentals, 491–514. New York: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Hua, Y., S. Liu, R. Li, and L. Mei. 2020. Experimental study of regulated and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine using coal-based fuels. Fuel 280:118658. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, H., W. Yuan, W. Li, J. Yang, Z. Zhou, L. Zhao, L. Yuyang, and Q. Fei. 2023. Combustion chemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 96:101076. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar Agarwal, A., A. Pratap Singh, A. Agarwal, J. Jeon, C. Sik Lee, and S. Park. 2016. Spatial combustion analysis of biodiesel fueled engine using combustion chamber endoscopy and modeling. Renewable Energy 98:292–303. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapuerta, M., O. Armas, J. J. Hernández, and A. Tsolakis. 2010. Potential for reducing emissions in a diesel engine by fueling with conventional biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch diesel. Fuel 89 (10):3106–13. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leckel, D. 2009. Diesel production from Fischer−Tropsch: The past, the present, and New concepts. Energy Fuels 23 (5):2342–58. doi:10.1021/ef900064c.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, G., Y. Lee, K. Choi, and D. Jeong. 2010. Emission characteristics of diesel, gas to liquid, and biodiesel-blended fuels in a diesel engine for passenger cars. Fuel 89 (12):3840–46. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murugesan, A., C. Umarani, R. Subramanian, and N. L. Nedunchezhian. 2009. Bio-diesel as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines—A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (3):653–662. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2007.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, M. N., J. E. Hustad, and M. A. Arefin. 2020. The influence of Fischer–Tropsch-biodiesel–diesel blends on energy and exergy parameters in a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Energy Reports 6:832–840. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2020.04.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, H., M. Biruduganti, K. Stork 2005. Comparing the performance of SunDiesel and conventional diesel in a light-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3776.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, H., R. Carlson, and M. Wang. 2008. Comparing the performance of GTL/ULSD blends in older and newer diesel passenger cars. SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1810.
   Google Scholar
• Oguma, M., S. Goto, K. Oyama, K. Sugiyama, and M. Mori. 2002. The possibility of gas to liquid (GTL) as a fuel of direct injection diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1706.
   Google Scholar
• Park, S. H., and C. S. Lee. 2014. Applicability of dimethyl ether (DME) in a compression ignition engine as an alternative fuel. Energy Conversion and Management 86:848–863. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parravicini, M., C. Barro, and K. Boulouchos. 2021. Experimental characterization of GTL, HVO, and OME based alternative fuels for diesel engines. Fuel 292 (2):120177. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120177.
   Google Scholar
• Pastor, J. V., A. García, C. Micó, and F. Lewiski. 2020. An optical investigation of Fischer-Tropsch diesel and oxymethylene dimethyl ether impact on combustion process for CI engines. Applied Energy 260:114238. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaberg, P., J. Botha, M. Schnell, H.-O. Hermann, N. Pelz, and R. Maly. 2005. Emissions performance of GTL diesel fuel and blends with optimized engine calibrations. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2187.
   Google Scholar
• Semelsberger, T. A., R. L. Borup, and H. L. Greene. 2006. Dimethyl ether (DME) as an Alternative Fuel. Journal of Power Sources 156 (2):497–511. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speight, J. G. 2011. Hydrocarbons from synthesis gas. Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes. 281–323. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7506-8632-7.10008-8.
   Google Scholar
• Verhelst, S., J. W. G. Turner, L. Sileghem, and J. Vancoillie. 2019. Methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 70:43–88. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2018.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., H. Hao, X. Li, K. Zhang, and M. Ouyang. 2009. Performance of euro III common rail heavy duty diesel engine fueled with gas to liquid. Applied Energy 86 (10):2257–61. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, T., Z. Huang, W. G. Zhang, J. H. Fang, and Q. Yin. 2007. Physical and chemical properties of GTL−Diesel fuel blends and their Effects on performance and emissions of a multicylinder DI compression ignition engine. Energy Fuels 21 (4):1908–14. doi:10.1021/ef0606512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, Z., N. Ladommatos, and H. Zhao. 2000. The effect of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates on diesel engine emissions. Proceeding Institute Mechanical Engineering Part D: Journal of Auto Engineering 214 (3):307–32. doi:10.1243/0954407001527448.
   Google Scholar