References
- Ahmad, T. I., M. A. Nawaz, K. Kiran, V. Dagar, M. A. Bhatti, and A. Hussain. 2023. Dirty versus clean fuel for cooking in Pakistan: Regional mapping and correlates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30 (10):26458–71. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23757-4.
- Asad Shabbir, A. S., B. B. Shrestha, M. H. Ali, and S. W. Adkins. 2019. History and management-southern Asia. In Parthenium weed: Biology, ecology and management, ed. S. Adkins, A. Shabbir and K. Dhileepan, 231–52. UK: CAB International Wallingford UK.
- Asghar, R., M. H. Sulaiman, Z. Mustaffa, N. Ullah, and W. Hassan. 2022. The important contribution of renewable energy technologies in overcoming Pakistan’s energy crisis: Present challenges and potential opportunities. Energy & Environment 0958305X221134110. doi:10.1177/0958305X221134110.
- ASTM D3172. 2013. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 5 August 2023. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&input_search_filter=ASTM&item_s_key=00017337&item_key_date=780731&input_doc_number=ASTMD3172&input_doc_title=&org_code=ASTM
- ASTM D3174. 2012. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 5 August 2023. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&input_search_filter=ASTM&item_s_key=00017339&item_key_date=790331&input_doc_number=ASHCONTENTINCOAL3174&input_doc_title=&org_code=ASTM
- ASTM D3175. 2020. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 5 August 2023. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&input_search_filter=ASTM&item_s_key=00017340&item_key_date=791030&input_doc_number=VOLATILEMATTERINCOAL&input_doc_title=&org_code=ASTM
- ASTM D3302/D3302M. 2022. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 5 August 2023. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?document_name=ASTMD3302%2FD3302M&item_s_key=00526620
- ASTM D4239. 2018. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 5 August 2023. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&input_search_filter=ASTM&item_s_key=00018438&item_key_date=810231&input_doc_number=SULFURCONTENTINCOAL&input_doc_title=&org_code=ASTM
- ASTM D5373-16. 2021. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 29 November 2023. https://www.astm.org/d5373-16.html
- ASTM D5865/D5865M. 2019. ASTM international (ASTM). Accessed 5 August 2023. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&item_s_key=00790441&item_key_date=800630&input_doc_number=GROSSCALORIFICVALUE&input_doc_title=
- Balraj, A., J. Krishnan, K. Selvarajan, and K. Sukumar. 2021. Potential use of biomass and coal-fine waste for making briquette for sustainable energy and environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (45):63516–22. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10312-2.
- Butt, J. A., Y. Nergis, A. Hussain, A. Khan, and M. Sharif. 2023. Co-combustion of rice husk with thar lignite coal and their effects on gaseous emissions for environmental friendly and sustainable energy production. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 16 (3):161. doi:10.1007/s12517-023-11247-x.
- Guo, Z., F. Guo, Y. Guo, Z. Miao, Y. Feng, J. Wu, and Y. Zhang. 2022. Preparation of barbecue charcoal using residue produced after biomass gasification and pollutant emission test during combustion. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10 (1):107074. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.107074.
- Guo, Z., J. Wu, Y. Zhang, F. Wang, Y. Guo, K. Chen, and H. Liu. 2020. Characteristics of biomass charcoal briquettes and pollutant emission reduction for sulfur and nitrogen during combustion. Fuel 272:117632. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117632.
- Islam, A., S. H. Teo, C. H. Ng, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap, S. Y. T. Choong, and M. R. Awual. 2023. Progress in recent sustainable materials for greenhouse gas (NOx and SOx) emission mitigation. Progress in Materials Science 132:101033. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101033.
- Jion, M. M. M. F., J. N. Jannat, M. Y. Mia, M. A. Ali, M. S. Islam, S. M. Ibrahim, S. C. Pal, A. Islam, A. Sarker, and G. Malafaia. 2023. A critical review and prospect of NO2 and SO2 pollution over Asia: Hotspots, trends, and sources. Science of the Total Environment 876:162851. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162851.
- Khan, A. U., Q. M. Jan, M. Abas, K. Muhammad, Q. M. Ali, and D. Zimon. 2023. Utilization of biowaste for sustainable production of coal briquettes. Energies 16 (20):7025. doi:10.3390/en16207025.
- Li, G., R. Hu, Y. Hao, T. Yang, L. Li, Z. Luo, L. Xie, N. Zhao, C. Liu, C. Sun, et al. 2023. CO2 and air pollutant emissions from bio-coal briquettes. Environmental Technology & Innovation 29:102975. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2022.102975.
- Liu, H., I. Khan, A. Zakari, and M. Alharthi. 2022. Roles of trilemma in the world energy sector and transition towards sustainable energy: A study of economic growth and the environment. Energy Policy 170:113238. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113238.
- Liu, Y., W. Tan, S. Liang, and X. Pan. 2024. Study on the co-combustion behavior of semi-coke and typical biomass: Combustion, NO emission and ash characteristics analysis. Fuel 358:130068. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130068.
- Malkani, M. S., and Z. Mahmood. 2017. Mineral resources of Pakistan: Provinces and basins wise. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir 25:1–179.
- Mehta, C., and U. R. Badegaonkar. 2023. Sustainable management of crop residues in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan: Challenges and solutions. South and South-West Asia Development Papers. Accessed 23 November 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12870/6173
- Miao, Z., P. Zhang, M. Li, Y. Wan, and X. Meng. 2023. Briquette preparation with biomass binder. Energy Sources 45 (4):9834–44. doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1682722.
- Ramalingam, G., A. K. Priya, L. Gnanasekaran, S. Rajendran, and T. K. A. Hoang. 2024. Biomass and waste derived silica, activated carbon and ammonia-based materials for energy-related applications–A review. Fuel 355:129490. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129490.
- Rawat, S., and S. Kumar. 2022. Critical review on processing technologies and economic aspect of bio-coal briquette production. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 52 (8):855–71. doi:10.1080/10826068.2021.2001754.
- Shabbir, A., M. P. Zalucki, K. Dhileepan, N. Khan, and S. W. Adkins. 2023. The Current and potential distribution of parthenium weed and its biological control agent in Pakistan. Plants 12 (6):1381. doi:10.3390/plants12061381.
- Sunnu, A. K., K. A. Adu-Poku, and G. K. Ayetor. 2023. Production and characterization of charred briquettes from various agricultural waste. Combustion Science and Technology 195 (5):1000–21. doi:10.1080/00102202.2021.1977803.
- Trubetskaya, A., J. J. Leahy, E. Yazhenskikh, M. Müller, P. Layden, R. Johnson, K. Ståhl, and R. F. D. Monaghan. 2019. Characterization of woodstove briquettes from torrefied biomass and coal. Energy 171:853–65. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.064.
- Vedachalam, S., N. Baquerizo, and A. K. Dalai. 2022. Review on impacts of low sulfur regulations on marine fuels and compliance options. Fuel 310:122243. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122243.
- Vershinina, K., V. Dorokhov, D. Romanov, and P. Strizhak. 2023. Ignition, combustion, and mechanical properties of briquettes from coal slime and oil waste, biomass, peat and starch. Waste and Biomass Valorization 14 (2):431–45. doi:10.1007/s12649-022-01883-x.
- Wei, Z., Z. Cheng, and Y. Shen. 2024. Recent development in production of pellet fuels from biomass and polyethylene (PE) wastes. Fuel 358:130222. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130222.