Understanding residential water demand: insights from a survey in a Mediterranean city

References

• Abu-Bakar, H., L. Williams, and S. H. Hallett. 2023. “Contextualising Household Water Consumption Patterns in England: A Socio-Economic and Socio-Demographic Narrative.” Cleaner and Responsible Consumption 8:100104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100104.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Amin, M., K. Mahmud, S. Hosen, and M. A. Islam 2011. “Domestic Water Consumption Patterns in a Village in Bangladesh.” 4th Annual paper meet and 1st Civil Engineering Congress, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• Alharsha, I., F. A. Memon, R. Farmani, and W. A. Hussien. 2022. “An Investigation of Domestic Water Consumption in Sirte, Libya.” Urban Water Journal 19 (9): 922–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2105239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almulhim, A. I., and Y. A. Aina. 2022. “Understanding Household Water-Use Behavior and Consumption Patterns During COVID-19 Lockdown in Saudi Arabia.” Water 14 (3): 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• André, D. M., and J. R. Carvalho. 2014. “Spatial Determinants of Urban Residential Water Demand in Fortaleza, Brazil.” Water Resources Management 28 (9): 2401–2414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0551-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbués, F., M. A. Garcia-Valinas, and E. Martinez-Espiñeira. 2003. “Estimation of Residential Water Demand: A State-Of-The-Art Review.” The Journal of Socio-Economics 32 (1): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(03)00005-2.
   Google Scholar
• Baerenklau, K. A., K. A. Schwabe, and A. Dinar. 2014. “The Residential Water Demand Effect of Increasing Block Rate Water Budgets.” Land Economics 90 (4): 683–699. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.90.4.683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balling Jr., R. C., P. Gober, and N. Jones. 2008. “Sensitivity of Residential Water Consumption to Variations in Climate: An Intraurban Analysis of Phoenix, Arizona.” Water Resources Research 44 (10): W10401. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beal, C., R. A. Stewart, A. Spinks, and K. Fielding. 2011. “Using Smart Meters to Identify Social and Technological Impacts on Residential Water Consumption.” Water Supply 11 (5): 527–533. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.088.
   Google Scholar
• Bich-Ngoc, N., C. Prevedello, M. Cools, and J. Teller. 2022. “Factors Influencing Residential Water Consumption in Wallonia.” Belgium Utilities Policy 74:101281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2021.101281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonoli, A., E. Di Fusco, S. Zanni, I. Lauriola, V. Ciriello, and V. Di Federico. 2019. “Green Smart Technology for Water (Gst4water): Life Cycle Analysis of Urban Water Consumption.” Water 11 (2): 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breyer, B., H. Chang, and H. Parandvash. 2012. “Land-Use, Temperature and Single Family Residential Water Use Patterns in Portland, Oregon and Phoenix, Arizona.” Applied Geography 35 (1–2): 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabral, M., A. Mamade, D. Loureiro, C. Amado, and D. Covas. 2016. “Modeling the Effect of Weather Conditions on Urban Water Demand in Multiple Network Areas: A Practical Approach to Improve Monthly and Seasonal Operation.” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 65 (8): 612–625. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2016.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, H. E., R. M. Johnson, and E. H. Larson. 2004. “Prices, Devices, People, or Rules: The Relative Effectiveness of Policy Instruments in Water Conservation 1.” Review of Policy Research 21 (5): 637–662. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00099.x.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, H., M. R. Bonnette, P. Stoker, B. Crow-Miller, and E. Wentz. 2017. “Determinants of Single Family Residential Water Use Across Scales in Four Western US Cities.” Science of the Total Environment 596–597:451–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, L., and J. A. Krosnick. 2009. “National Surveys via Rdd Telephone Interviewing versus the Internet: Comparing Sample Representativeness and Response Quality.” Public Opinion Quarterly 73 (4): 641–678. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfp075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H., H. Parandvash, and V. Shandas. 2010. “Spatial Variations of Single Family Residential Water Consumption in Portland, Oregon.” Urban Geography 31 (7): 953–972. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.31.7.953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z., H. H. Ngo, and W. Guo. 2013. “A Critical Review on the End Uses of Recycled Water.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 43 (14): 1446–1516. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.647788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohim, E., A. P. A. Garcia, A. Kiperstok, and M. Dias 2009. Consumo de água em Residências de Baixa Renda—Estudo de Caso. 25° Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental. In Portuguese) . Recife, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• Cohim, E., A. Kiperstok, and A. P. Garcia. 2008. “Caracterização do consumo de água em condomínios para população de baixa renda: estudo de caso.” Xxxi Congreso Interamericano Aidis, 12-15 october, Santiago, Chile.
   Google Scholar
• Cominola, A., L. Preiss, M. Thyer, H. R. Maier, P. Prevos, R. A. Stewart, and A. Castelletti. 2023. “The Determinants of Household Water Consumption: A Review and Assessment Framework for Research and Practice.” NPJ Clean Water 6 (1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-022-00208-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantas, C. T., J. R. Ubaldo, A. C. Potier, and M. S. O. Ilha 2006. “Caracterização do uso de água em residências de interesse social em Itajubá.” Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído, 23-25 August, Florianópolis, Brazil, 3337–3344. (in Portuguese).
   Google Scholar
• De Oliver, M. 1999. “Attitudes and Inaction: A Case Study of the Manifest Demographics of Urban Water Conservation.” Environment and Behavior 31 (3): 372–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139169921972155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deoreo, W. B., A. Dietemann, T. Skeel, P. W. Mayer, D. M. Lewis, and J. Smith. 2001. “Retrofit Realities.” Journal of the American Water Works Association 93 (3): 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09153.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutskens, E., K. Ruyter, and M. Wetzels. 2006. “An Assessment of Equivalence Between Online and Mail Surveys in Service Research.” Journal of Service Research 8 (4): 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670506286323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyà-Tortella, B., C. Garcia, W. Nilsson, and D. Tirado. 2019. “Hotel Water Demand: The Impact of Changing from Linear to Increasing Block Rates.” Water 11 (8): 1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domene, E., and D. Saurí. 2006. “Urbanization and Water Consumption: Influencing Factors in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona.” Urban Studies 43 (9): 1605–1623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980600749969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donkor, E. A., T. A. Mazzuchi, R. Soyer, and J. Alan Roberson. 2014. “Urban Water Demand Forecasting: Review of Methods and Models.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 140 (2): 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, L., G. Liu, F. Wang, V. Geissen, C. J. Ritsema, and Y. Tong. 2013. “Water Use Patterns and Conservation in Households of Wei River Basin, China.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 74:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.02.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding, K., S. Russell, A. Spinks, and A. Mankad. 2012. “Determinants of Household Water Conservation: The Role of Demographic, Infrastructure, Behavior, and Psychosocial Variables.” Water Resources Research 48 (10). https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, C., B. S. McIntosh, and P. Jeffrey. 2009. “Classifying Households for Water Demand Forecasting Using Physical Property Characteristics.” Land Use Policy 26 (3): 558–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gam, I., and J. B. Regeb. 2021. “Micro-Economic Analysis of Domestic Water Demand: Application of the Pseudo-Panel Approach.” Environmental Challenges 4:100118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100118.
   Google Scholar
• Ghisi, E., and D. F. Ferreira. 2007. “Potential for Potable Water Savings by Using Rainwater and Greywater in a Multi-Storey Residential Building in Southern Brazil.” Building and Environment 42 (7): 2512–2522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilg, A., and S. Barr. 2006. “Behavioural Attitudes Towards Water Saving? Evidence from a Study of Environmental Actions.” Ecological Economics 57 (3): 400–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grafton, R. Q., M. B. Ward, H. To, and T. Kompas. 2011. “Determinants of Residential Water Consumption: Evidence and Analysis from a 10-Country Household Survey.” Water Resources Research 47 (8): W08537. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009685.
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, G. D., and M. Di Leo. 2003. “Repeated Behavior and Environmental Psychology: The Role of Personal Involvement and Habit Formation in Explaining Water Consumption 1.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 33 (6): 1261–1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01949.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guhathakurta, S., and P. Gober. 2007. “The Impact of the Phoenix Urban Heat Island on Residential Water Use.” Journal of the American Planning Association 73 (3): 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360708977980.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlan, S. L., S. T. Yabiku, L. Larsen, and A. J. Brazel. 2009. “Household Water Consumption in an Arid City: Affluence, Affordance, and Attitudes.” Society & Natural Resources 22 (8): 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802064679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich, M. 2007. Water End Use and Efficiency Project (WEEP) – Final Report, BRANZ Study Report 159. BRANZ Ltd, Judgeford, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Heinrich, M. 2009. “Auckland Water Use Study – Monitoring of Water End Uses.” In: Proceedings of SB10 Conference, New Zealand. Accessed August 10, 2020. https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB18045.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• House-Peters, L., B. Pratty, and H. Chang. 2010. “Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon 1.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association 46 (3): 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00415.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussien, W. A., F. A. Memon, and D. A. Savic. 2016. “Assessing and Modelling the Influence of Household Characteristics on per Capita Water Consumption.” Water Resources Management 30 (9): 2931–2955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1314-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INE. 2021. “Censos 2021: Resultados Definitivos, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Lisbon.” Accessed October 10, 2020. https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011609.
   Google Scholar
• Inman, D., and P. Jeffrey. 2006. “A Review of Residential Water Conservation Tool Performance and Influences on Implementation Effectiveness.” Urban Water Journal 3 (3): 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15730620600961288.
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen, B. S., J. F. Martin, M. W. Pearce, and E. M. Willis. 2013. “Predicting Household Water Consumption with Individual-Level Variables.” Environment and Behavior 46 (7): 872–897. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916513482462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney, D. S., C. Goemans, R. Klein, J. Lowrey, and K. Reidy. 2008. “Residential Water Demand Management: Lessons from Aurora, Colorado 1.” JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44 (1): 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00147.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keshavarzi, A. R., M. Sharifzadeh, A. A. Kamgar Haghighi, S. Amin, Sh. Keshtkar, and A. Bamdad. 2006. “Rural Domestic Water Consumption Behavior: A Case Study in Ramjerd Area, Fars Province, I.R.” Iran, Water Research 40 (6): 1173–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloss-Trebaczkiewicz, H., and E. Osuch-Pajdzinska. 2000. “Decrease of Water Consumption in Polish Towns: Its Causes and Effects.” Journal of Water Supply, Research and Technology 49 (3): 149–157. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2000.0013.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, M., T. Chaminda, R. Honda, and H. Furumai. 2019. “Vulnerability of Urban Waters to Emerging Contaminants in India and Sri Lanka: Resilience Framework and Strategy.” APN Science Bulletin 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2019.799.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, S.-P.1999. “Predicting Intentions to Conserve Water from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Perceived Moral Obligation, and Perceived Water Right.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29: 1058–1071. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00140.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, S.-P. 2006. “Predicting Intention to Save Water: Theory of Planned Behavior, Response Efficacy, Vulnerability, and Perceived Efficiency of Alternative Solutions 1.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 36 (11): 2803–2824. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00129.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, K. L., D. G. Casagrande, S. L. Harlan, and S. T. Yabiku. 2009. “Residents’ Yard Choices and Rationales in a Desert City: Social Priorities, Ecological Impacts, and Decision Tradeoffs.” Environmental Managment 44 (5): 921–937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9353-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D.-J., N.-S. Park, and W. Jeong. 2012. “End-Use Analysis of Household Water by Metering: The Case Study in Korea.” Water Environment Journal 26 (4): 455–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2011.00304.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, A. D. Giurco, and P. Mukheibir. 2016. “Urban Water Conservation Through Customised Water and End-Use Information”.” Journal of Cleaner Production 112 (4): 3164–3175. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.002.
   Google Scholar
• Loh, M., and P. Coghlan. 2003. Domestic water use study : in Perth, Western Australia, 1998-2001. Perth: Water Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, T., and I. K. Smout 2008. “Domestic Water Consumption: A Field Study in Harbin, China.” In 33rd WEDC International Conference, Ghana, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• March, H., and D. Saurí. 2010. “The suburbanization of water scarcity in the Barcelona metropolitan region: sociodemographic and urban changes influencing domestic water consumption.” The Professional Geographer 62 (1): 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330120903375860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marianski, A. K., A. S. Silva, A. S. Vieira, and E. Ghisi. 2014 . Usos Finais de Água em Habitações de Interesse Social no Sul do Brasil.” Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído, 12-14 November, Maceió, Brazil, 2720–2729.
   Google Scholar
• Martínez-Espiñeira, R. 2003. “Estimating Water Demand Under Increasing-Block Tariffs Using Aggregate Data and Proportions of Users per Block.” Environmental & Resource Economics 26 (1): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025693823235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, R., and A. Fortunato. 2007. “Residential water demand under block rates – a Portuguese case study.” Water Policy 9 (2): 217–230. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matos, C., C. A. Teixeira, R. Bento, J. Varajão, and I. Bentes. 2014. “An Exploratory Study on the Influence of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Water End Uses Inside Buildings.” Science of the Total Environment 466–467:467–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matos, C., C. A. Teixeira, A. A. L. S. Duarte, and I. Bentes. 2013. “Domestic Water Uses: Characterization of Daily Cycles in the North Region of Portugal.” Science of the Total Environment 458–460:444–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, P. W., W. B. DeOreo, E. M. Opitz, J. C. Kiefer, W. Y. Davis, B. Dziegielewski, and J. O. Nelson. 1999. Residential End Uses of Water. Denver, CO: American Waterworks Association Research Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, P. W., W. B. DeOreo, E. Towler, and L. Martien 2004. Tampa Water Department Residential Water Conservation Study: The Impacts of High Efficiency Plumbing Fixture Retrofits in Single-Family Homes. (Report). Boulder, Colorado, United States: Aquacraft, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Maykot, J. K., and E. Ghisi. 2020. “Assessment of a Rainwater Harvesting System in a Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil.” Water 12 (2): 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoni, F., S. Alvisi, M. Blokker, S. G. Buchberger, A. Castelletti, A. Cominola, M.-P. Gross, et al. 2023. “Investigating the Characteristics of Residential End Uses of Water: A Worldwide Review.” Water Research 230:119500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoni, F., V. Marsili, S. Alvisi, and M. Franchini. 2022. “Exploring the Impacts of Tourism and Weather on Water Consumption at Different Spatiotemporal Scales: Evidence from a Coastal Area on the Adriatic Sea (Northern Italy).” Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 2 (2): 025005. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac611f.
   Google Scholar
• McCarton, L. S. O’Hogain, and A. Nasr. 2022. “Special Issue: NBS for Resilient Cities and Communities — How Understanding the Micro Components of Domestic Water Consumption Can Provide Multiple Water Uses to Facilitate a Transition to a Circular Economy of Water”.” Nature-Based Solutions 2: 100028. doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100028.
   Google Scholar
• Miguel, C., M. P. Montesinos, J. L. Ayuso, and M. Galisteo. 1999. “A Comprehensive Study of Water Consumption in the City of Córdoba, Spain.” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 48 (2): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.1999.64.
   Google Scholar
• Mini, C., T. S. Hogue, and S. Pincetl. 2014. “Patterns and Controlling Factors of Residential Water Use in Los Angeles, California.” Water Policy 16 (6): 1054–1069. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muloiwa, M., M. O. Dinka, and S. Nyende-Byakika. 2021. “Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption in Peri-Urban South Africa: The Case Study of Thohoyandou in Limpopo Province, South Africa.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation & Development 14 (6): 1546–1559. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2021.1972504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murwirapachena, G. 2021. “Understanding Household Water-Use Behaviour in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa.” Water Policy 23 (5): 1266–1283. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musolesi, A., and M. Nosvelli. 2007. “Dynamics of Residential Water Consumption in a Panel of Italian Municipalities.” Applied Economics Letters 14 (6): 441–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500425642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojeda de la Cruz, A., C. R. Alvarez-Chavez, M. A. Ramos-Corella, and F. Soto-Hernandez. 2017. “Determinants of Domestic Water Consumption in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.” Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (4): 1901–1910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.094.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, L. H., L. C. Sousa, K. A. Silva, and A. Paixão. 2006 . Caracterização do uso da água em habitações unifamiliares de interesse social.” Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia no Ambiente Construído, 23-25 August, Florianópolis, Brazil, 3420–3430.
   Google Scholar
• Otaki, Y., K. Ueda, and O. Sakura. 2017. “Effects of Feedback About Community Water Consumption on Residential Water Conservation.” Journal of Cleaner Production 143:719–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang, Y. E. A. Wentz, B. L. Ruddell, and S. L. Harlan 2014. “A Multi-Scale Analysis of Single-Family Residential Water Use in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 50 (2): 448–467. doi:10.1111/jawr.12133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polebitski, A. S., R. N. Palmer, and P. Waddell. 2011. “Evaluating Water Demands Under Climate Change and Transitions in the Urban Environment.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 137 (3): 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pordata. 2022. “Salário médio mensal dos trabalhadores por conta de outrem: remuneração base e ganho por sexo.” Accessed September 22, 2022. https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/salario+medio+mensal+dos+trabalhadores+por+conta+de+outrem+remuneracao+base+e+ganho+por+sexo-894.
   Google Scholar
• Renwick, M. E., and R. D. Green. 2000. “Do Residential Water Demand Side Management Policies Measure Up? An Analysis of Eight California Water Agencies.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 40 (1): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1999.1102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud, A. 2013. “Assessing the Impact of Price and Non-Price Policies on Residential Water Demand: A Case Study in Wisconsin.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 29 (3): 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2012.721670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, P. 2005. Yarra Valley Water 2004 Residential End Use Measurement Study. Melbourne: Yarra Valley Water.
   Google Scholar
• Rockaway, T. D., P. A. Coomes, J. Rivard, and B. Kornstein. 2011. “Residential Water Use Trends in North America.” Journal American Water Works Association 103 (2): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2011.tb11403.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sant’ana, D., and P. Mazzega. 2018. “Socioeconomic Analysis of Domestic Water End-Use Consumption in the Federal District, Brazil.” Sustainable Water Resources Management 4 (4): 921–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0186-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saurí, D. 2020. “The Decline of Water Consumption in Spanish Cities: Structural and Contingent Factors.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 36 (6): 909–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1634999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schleich, J., and T. Hillenbrand. 2009. “Determinants of Residential Water Demand in Germany.” Ecological Economics 68 (6): 1756–1769 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.11.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivakumaran, S., and T. Aramaki. 2010. “Estimation of Household Water End Use in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.” Water International 35 (1): 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060903533476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, R. A., R. M. Willis, K. Panuwatwanich, and O. Sahin. 2013. “Showering Behavioural Response to Alarming Visual Display Monitors: Longitudinal Mixed Method Study.” Behaviour & Information Technology 32 (7): 695–711. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.577195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoker, P., and R. Rothfeder. 2014. “Drivers of Urban Water Use.” Sustainable Cities and Society 12:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A., S. White, K. Beatty, and A. Gregory. 2005. “Results of the Largest Residential Demand Management Program in Australia.” Water Supply 5 (3–4): 249–256. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0106.
   Google Scholar
• Veiga, F., A. Kalbusch, and E. Henning. 2022. “Drivers of Urban Water Consumption in Brazil: A Countrywide, Cross-Sectional Study.” Urban Water Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2041049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wentz, E. A., and P. Gober. 2007. “Determinants of Small-Area Water Consumption for the City of Phoenix, Arizona.” Water Resources Management 21 (11): 1849–1863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9133-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, R. M., R. A. Stewart, D. P. Giurco, M. Z. Talebpour, and A. Mousavinejad. 2013. “End Use Water Consumption in Households: Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors and Efficient Devices.” Journal of Cleaner Production 60:107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, R. M., R. A. Stewart, K. Panuwatwanich, B. Capati, and D. Giurco. 2009. “Gold Coast Domestic Water End Use Study.” Water Journal of Australian Water Association 36 (6): 79–85.
   Google Scholar
• Willis, R. M., R. A. Stewart, K. Panuwatwanich, P. R. Williams, and A. L. Hollingsworth. 2011. “Quantifying the Influence of Environmental and Water Conservation Attitudes on Household End Use Water Consumption.” Journal of Environmental Management 92 (8): 1996–2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, J. S., Q. Zhang, and Y. D. Chen. 2010. “Statistical Modeling of Daily Urban Water Consumption in Hong Kong: Trend, Changing Patterns, and Forecast.” Water Resources Research 46 (3): W03506. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008147.
   Google Scholar
• Xenochristou, M., Z. Kapelan, and C. Hutton. 2020. “Using Smart Demand Metering Data and Customer Characteristics to Investigate Influence of Weather on Water Consumption in the UK.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146 (2): 04019073. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, J., S. Simonit, A. P. Kinzig, and C. Perrings. 2014. “Estimating the Price Elasticity of Residential Water Demand: The Case of Phoenix, Arizona.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 36 (2): 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppt054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ywashima, L. A., M. A. S. Campos, E. Piaia, D. M. P. Luca, and M. S. O. Ilha. 2006 . Caracterização do uso de água em residenciais de interesse social em Paulínia, Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia no Ambiente Construído, 23-25 August, 3470–3479.
   Google Scholar