Topic mining of real-time discussions: what catches the attention of live-streaming esports viewers?

References

• Alavy, K., Gaskell, A., Leach, S., & Szymanski, S. (2010). On the edge of your seat: Demand for football on television and the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. International Journal of Sport Finance, 5(2), 75–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. P., & de Palma, A. (2009). Information congestion. RAND Journal of Economics, 40(4), 688–709. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2009.00085.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. P., de Palma, A., & Thisse, J.-F. (1987). The CES is a discrete choice model? Economics Letters, 24(2), 139–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(87)90239-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. P., de Palma, A., & Thisse, J.-F. (1988). The CES and the logit: Two related models of heterogeneity. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 18(1), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(88)90009-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athey, S., Calvano, E., & Gans, J. S. (2018). The impact of consumer multi-homing on advertising markets and media competition. Management Science, 64(4), 1574–1590. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Q., Hu, Q., Fang, F., Ge, L., & He, L. (2018). Topic detection with Danmaku: A time-sync joint NMF approach. Database and Expert Systems Applications, 428–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98812-2_39
   Google Scholar
• Billings, A. C., & Ruihley, B. J. (2013). Why we watch, why we play: The relationship between fantasy sport and fandom motivations. Mass Communication & Society, 16(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2011.635260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischof, J., & Airoldi, E. (2012). Summarizing topical content with word frequency and exclusivity. In J. Langford, & J. Pineau (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th International Conference in Machine Learning (ICML 12) (pp. 201–208). Omnipress.
   Google Scholar
• Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent Dirichlet allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 993–1022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borland, J., & MacDonald, R. (2003). Demand for sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19(4), 478–502. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/19.4.478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borowy, M., & Jin, D. Y. (2013). Pioneering E-sport: The experience economy and the marketing of early 1980s arcade gaming contests. International Journal of Communication, 7, 2254–2274.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. A., Billings, A. C., Murphy, B., & Puesan, L. (2018). Intersections of fandom in the age of interactive media: Esports fandom as a predictor of traditional sport fandom. Communication & Sport, 6(4), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479517727286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buraimo, B., & Simmons, R. (2015). Uncertainty of outcome or star quality? Television audience demand for English Premier League football. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 22(3), 449–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2015.1010282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Y. (2019). Spectators’ emotional responses in tweets during the Super Bowl 50 game. Sport Management Review, 22(3), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.04.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Gao, Q., & Rau, P.-L. P. (2017). Watching a movie alone yet together: Understanding reasons for watching Danmaku videos. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 33(9), 731–743. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1282187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates, D., & Humphreys, B. R. (2005). Novelty effects of new facilities on attendance at professional sporting events. Contemporary Economic Policy, 23(3), 436–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byi033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, G. B., Fairley, S., Ferkins, L., Kerwin, S., Lock, D., Shaw, S., & Wicker, P. (2018). Esport: Construct specifications and implications for sport management. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, N. R., & Eastin, M. S. (2017). Second screen and sports: A structural investigation into team identification and efficacy. Communication & Sport, 5(3), 288–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479515610152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delia, E. B. (2017). A digital ethnography of fan reaction to sponsorship termination. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(3), 392–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2016.1276208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deloitte. (2019, October 30). The future of esports streaming platforms. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/esports-viewership-platforms.html
   Google Scholar
• Dewenter, R., & Namini, J. E. (2013). How to make soccer more attractive? Rewards for a victory, the teams’ offensiveness, and the home bias. Journal of Sports Economics, 14(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002511412323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douyu. (2021, April 30). DouYu 2020 annual report. https://ir.douyu.com/Annual-Reports
   Google Scholar
• Fan, M., Billings, A., Zhu, X., & Yu, P. (2020). Twitter-based BIRGing: Big data analysis of English national team fans during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Communication & Sport, 8(3), 317–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479519834348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, J., Chen, L., Wen, C., & Prybutok, V. R. (2018). Co-viewing experience in video websites: The effect of social presence on e-loyalty. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 22(3), 446–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2018.1462929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Y., Wang, J., & Yoon, Y. (2020). Online webcast demand vs. Offline spectating channel demand (stadium and TV) in the professional sports league. Sustainability, 12(3), 9906. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239906
   Google Scholar
• Funk, D. C., Mahony, D. F., Nakazawa, M., & Hirakawa, S. (2001). Development of the sport interest inventory (SII): Implications for measuring unique consumer motives at team sporting events. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 3(3), 38–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-03-03-2001-B005
   Google Scholar
• Funk, D. C., Pizzo, A. D., & Baker, B. J. (2018). Esport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentzkow, M. (2014). Trading dollars for dollars: The price of attention online and offline. American Economic Review, 104(5), 481–488. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghose, A., Ipeirotis, P. G., & Li, B. (2012). Designing ranking systems for hotels on travel search engines by mining user-generated and crowdsourced content. Marketing Science, 31(3), 493–520. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1110.0700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfarb, A., & Tucker, C. (2019). Digital economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 57(1), 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, H., Watanabe, N. M., Soebbing, B. P., Brown, M. T., & Nagel, M. S. (2021). Do consumer perceptions of tanking impact attendance at National Basketball Association games? A sentiment analysis approach. Journal of Sport Management, 35(3), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2020-0274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimmer, J., & Stewart, B. M. (2013). Text as data: The promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods in political texts. Political Analysis, 21(3), 267–297. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mps028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallmann, K., & Giel, T. (2018). Esports – Competitive sports or recreational activity? Sport Management Review, 21(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamari, J., & Sjöblom, M. (2017). What is esports and why do people watch it? Internet Research, 27(2), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-04-2016-0085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausman, J. A., & McFadden, D. (1984). A specification test for the multinomial logit model. Econometrica, 52(5), 1219–1240. https://doi.org/10.2307/1910997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heere, B. (2018). Embracing the sportification of society: Defining e-sports through a polymorphic view on sport. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hur, Y., Ko, Y., & Valacich, J. (2007). Motivation and concerns for online sport consumption. Journal of Sport Management, 21(4), 521–539. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.21.4.521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins, B., Li, B., & Rowe, D. (2019). Over-the-top sport: Live streaming services, changing coverage rights markets and the growth of media sport portals. Media, Culture, & Society, 41(7), 975–994. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719857623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins, B., & Sanderson, J. (2017). The primacy of sports television: Olympic media, social networking services and multi-screen viewing during the Rio 2016 games. Media International Australia, 164(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X17707065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• iResearch. (2021). 2021 China’s Game Livestreaming Industry Report. https://www.iresearchchina.com/content/details8_67500.html
   Google Scholar
• Jagarlamudi, J., Daumé IIIH., & Udupa, R. (2012). Incorporating lexical priors into topic models. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Association for Computing Machinery.
   Google Scholar
• James, J. D., & Ross, S. D. (2004). Comparing sport consumer motivations across multiple sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(1), 17–25.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H. S., & Kim, M. (2020). Viewing sports online together? Psychological consequences on social live streaming service usage. Sport Management Review, 23(5), 869–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopalle, P., & Hoffman, D. (1992). Generalizing the sensitivity conditions in an overall index of product quality. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), 530–535. https://doi.org/10.1086/209279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, B., Naraine, M. L., Zhao, L., & Li, C. (2021). A magic “Bullet": Exploring sport Fan usage of on-screen, ephemeral posts during live stream sessions. Communication & Sport, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795211038949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald, R. D. (2017). Future directions in research on demand for sport. XII Gijon Conference on Sports Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Mao, L. (2021). Understanding retail quality of sporting goods stores: A text mining approach. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 22(2), 330–352. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-03-2020-0029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mimno, D., Wallach, H. M., Talley, E., Leenders, M., & McCallum, A. (2011). Optimizing semantic coherence in topic models. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 11, 262–272.
   Google Scholar
• Newzoo. (2021, March 16). Global esports & live streaming market report. https://newzoo.com/products/reports/global-esports-live-streaming-market-report/
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H., & Manchanda, P. (2012). Marketing activity, blogging and sales. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzo, A. D., Na, S., Baker, B. J., Lee, M. A., Kim, D., & Funk, D. C. (2018). Esport vs. Sport: A comparison of spectator motives. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 27(2), 108–123. https://doi.org/10.32731/SMQ.272.062018.04
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, T. Y. (2022). Watching sports on Twitch? A study of factors influencing continuance intentions to watch Thursday Night Football co-streaming. Sport Management Review, 25(1), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1930700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, T. Y., Wang, J. J., Zhang, J. J., & Lu, L. Z. (2020). It is in the game: Dimensions of esports online spectator motivation and development of a scale. European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(4), 458–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1630464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, T. Y., Zhang, J. J., Wang, J. J., & Hulland, J. (2020). Beyond the game: Dimensions of esports online spectator demand. Communication & Sport, 8(6), 825–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479519839436
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, L. (1932). An essay on the nature and significance of economic science. Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rottenberg, S. (1956). The baseball players’ labor market. Journal of Political Economy, 64(3), 242–258. https://doi.org/10.1086/257790
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. H., Frederick, E. L., Pegoraro, A., & Spencer, T. C. (2019). An analysis of colin Kaepernick, Megan Rapinoe, and the national anthem protests. Communication & Sport, 7(5), 653–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479518793625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, Y. (2016). Professionalized consumption and identity transformations in the field of esports. Journal of Business Research, 69(1), 264–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.07.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1971). Designing organizations for an information-rich world. In M. Greenberger (Ed.), Computers, communications and the public interest (pp. 37–72). Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1984). On the behavioral and rational foundations of economic dynamics. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 5(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(84)90025-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, H., & Mills, B. M. (2018). Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, H., Mills, B. M., & Mondello, M. (2019). Local broadcast viewership in Major League Soccer. Journal of Sport Management, 33(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, S. (2003). The economic design of sporting contests. Journal of Economic Literature, 41(4), 1137–1187. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.41.4.1137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tainsky, S., & Jasielec, M. (2014). Television viewership of out-of-market games in league markets: Traditional demand shifters and local team influence. Journal of Sport Management, 28(1), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2012-0341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellis, G. J., & Johnson, J. (2007). The value of quality. Marketing Science, 26(6), 758–773. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1070.0286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirunillai, S., & Tellis, G. J. (2012). Does chatter really matter? Dynamics of user-generated content and stock performance. Marketing Science, 31(2), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1110.0682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirunillai, S., & Tellis, G. J. (2014). Mining marketing meaning from online chatter. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.12.0106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toubia, O., Iyengar, G., Bunnell, R., & Lemaire, A. (2019). Extracting features of entertainment products: A guided latent Dirichlet allocation approach informed by the psychology of media consumption. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022243718820559
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trail, G. T., & James, J. D. (2001). The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24(1), 108–127.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijck, J., & Poell, T. (2013). Understanding social media logic. Media and Communication, 1(1), 2–14. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v1i1.70
   Google Scholar
• Van Zandt, T. (2004). Information overload in a network of targeted communication. RAND Journal of Economics, 35(3), 542–560. https://doi.org/10.2307/1593707
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe, K., & Zhou, Y. (2022). Theory-driven analysis of large corpora: Semisupervised topic classification of the UN speeches. Social Science Computer Review, 40(2), 346–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320907027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe, N. M., Xue, H., Newman, J., & Yan, G. (2022). The attention economy and esports: An econometric analysis of Twitch viewership. Journal of Sport Management, 36(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2020-0383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster, J. G. (2017). Three myths of digital media. Convergence, 23(4), 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517700385
   Google Scholar
• Wegner, C. E., Delia, E. B., & Baker, B. J. (2020). Fan response to the identity threat of potential team relocation. Sport Management Review, 23(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiredian Research Institute. (2022). 2021 report on the analysis of online attention to the esports industry in China. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1724182506432608981
   Google Scholar
• Witkowski, E. (2012). On the digital playing field: How we “do sport” with networked computer games. Games and Culture, 7(5), 349–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412012454222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, A. X., Taneja, H., & Webster, J. D. (2021). Going with the flow: Nudging attention online. New Media & Society, 23(10), 2979–2998. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820941183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., Sang, Y., Zhang, S., & Huang, Y. (2018, January). Danmaku vs. forum comments: Understanding user participation and knowledge sharing in online videos. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Supporting Groupwork (pp. 209–218).
   Google Scholar
• Xiang, Z., Du, Q., Ma, Y., & Fan, W. (2017). A comparative analysis of major online review platforms: Implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, M. (2020). Factors influencing esports viewership: An approach based on the theory of reasoned action. Communication & Sport, 8(1), 92–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479518819482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, N., & Schweidel, D. A. (2020). Capturing changes in social media content: A multiple latent changepoint topic model. Marketing Science, 39(4), 827–846. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2019.1212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar