2,233
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Women’s sexual and reproductive health in war and conflict: are we seeing the full picture?

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 2188689 | Received 08 Jan 2023, Accepted 04 Mar 2023, Published online: 17 Mar 2023

References

  • Li Q, Wen M. The immediate and lingering effects of armed conflict on adult mortality: a time-series cross-national analysis the immediate and lingering effects of armed conflict on adult mortality: a time-series cross-national analysis*. J Peace Res. 2005;42:471–4.
  • Ormhaug C, Hernes H. Armed conflict deaths disaggregated by gender. Prio Pap. 2009;23:1–26.
  • Svallfors S. Bodies and battlefields: sexual and reproductive health and rights in the Colombian armed conflict. Stockholm: Stockholm Univeristy; 2021.
  • Singh NS, Aryasinghe S, Smith J, Khosla R, Say L, Blanchet K. A long way to go: a systematic review to assess the utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services during humanitarian crises. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3:e000682.
  • Davies SE, Harman S. Securing reproductive health: a matter of international peace and security. Int Stud Q. 2020;64:277–284.
  • Allen RH. The role of family planning in poverty reduction. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110:999–1002.
  • Canning D, Schultz TP. The economic consequences of reproductive health and family planning. Lancet. 2012;380:165–171.
  • Chi PC, Bulage P, Urdal H, Sundby J. Perceptions of the effects of armed conflict on maternal and reproductive health services and outcomes in Burundi and Northern Uganda: a qualitative study. Int Health Hum Rights. 2015;15:1–15.
  • Fatusić Z, Kurjak A, Grgić G, Tulumovic A. The influence of the war on perinatal and maternal mortality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med off J Eur Assoc Perinat Med Fed Asia Ocean Perinat Soc Int Soc Perinat Obstet. 2005;18:259–263.
  • Mullany LC, Beyrer C, Lee TJ, Lee C, Yone L, Paw P, et al. Access to essential maternal health interventions and human rights violations among vulnerable communities in eastern Burma. PLoS Med. 2008;5:1689–1698.
  • The Burma Medical Association National Health and Education, The Back Pack Health Worker Team. Diagnosis critical: health and human rights in eastern Burma. 2010. p. 1–54.
  • Urdal H, Che CP. War and gender inequalities in health: the impact of armed conflict on fertility and maternal mortality. Int Interact. 2013;39:489–510.
  • Gizelis TI, Cao X. A security dividend: peacekeeping and maternal health outcomes and access. J Peace Res. 2021;58:263–278.
  • Zhang T, Qi X, He Q, Hee J, Takesuem R, Yan Y, et al. The effects of conflicts and self-reported insecurity on maternal healthcare utilisation and children health outcomes in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Healthcare. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2021. p. 842.
  • Korac M. Ethnic nationalism, wars and the patterns of social, political and sexual violence against women: the case of post Yugoslav countries. Identities Glob Stud Cult Power. 1998;5:153–181.
  • Sharlach L. Rape as genocide: Bangladesh, the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda. New Polit Sci. 2000;22:89–102.
  • Salzman TA. Rape camps as a means of ethnic cleansing: religious, cultural, and ethical responses to rape victims in the former Yugoslavia. Hum Rights Q. 1998;20:348–378.
  • Kirby P. How is rape a weapon of war? Feminist international relations, modes of critical explanation and the study of wartime sexual violence. Eur J Int Relat. 2012;19:797–821.
  • Viterna J. Women in war. Women war micro-process. Mobilization El Salv. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.
  • Hedström J. Reproducing revolution: a feminist political economy analysis of the conflict in Kachinland. Melbourne: Monash University; 2018.
  • Sanín FG, Carranza Franco F. Organizing women for combat: the experience of the FARC in the Colombian war. J Agrar Change. 2017;17:770–778.
  • Marks Z. Gender dynamics in rebel groups. Palgrave Int Handb Gend Mil. 2017;437–454.
  • Carsten P, Levinson R, Lewis D, et al. Nigeria military ran secret mass abortion program in war on Boko Haram. Reuters.com [Internet]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/nigeria-military-abortions/
  • Hedström J. Militarized social reproduction: women’s labour and parastate armed conflict. Crit Mil Stud. 2020;8:1–19.
  • Quadrini M. ‘They want to grow their armies’: shan armed groups obstruct family planning efforts. Front Myanmar. 2019 May; p. 1–6.
  • Tin Htet Paing. Families unplanned in Kachin IDP camps. Irrawaddy [Internet]. 2017; Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/families-unplanned-kachin-idp-camps
  • Ikeya C. Transcultural intimacies in British Burma and the straits setttlements: a history of belonging, difference, and empire. In: Laffan M, editor. Belong Bay Bengal relig rites colon migr natl rights. London: Bloomsbury Academic; 2017. p. 117–137.
  • Ko Ko M, Hla Win H, MacQuarrie KLD. Geographical disparities and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Myanmar: analysis of the 2015-2016 Myanmar demographic and health survey. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health. 2018;7:107–113.
  • Loyer AB, Ali M, Loyer D. New politics, an opportunity for maternal health advancement in eastern Myanmar: an integrative review. J Health Pop Nutr. 2014;32:471–485.
  • Ministry of Labour Immigration and Population. The 2014 Myanmar population and housing census: thematic report on maternal mortality. Nay Pyi Taw: The Republic of the Union of Myanmar; 2016. p. 1–30.
  • UNFPA. Sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights country profile: Myanmar [Internet]. UNFPA; 2020. Available from: https://www.unfpa.org/resources/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-reproductive-rights-country-profile
  • Salisbury P. Family planning knowledge, attitudes and practices in refugee and migrant pregnant and post-partum women on the Thailand-Myanmar border – a mixed methods study. Reprod Health. 2016;13. DOI:10.1186/s12978-016-0212-2
  • Druetz T, Browne L, Bicaba F, Mitchell M, Bicaba A. Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5:e002879.
  • Ramadan M, Tappis H, Brieger W. Primary healthcare quality in conflict and fragility: a subnational analysis of disparities using population health surveys. Confl Health. 2022;16. DOI:10.1186/s13031-022-00466-w
  • O’hare BAM, Southall DP. First do no harm: the impact of recent armed conflict on maternal and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa. J R Soc Med. 2007;100:564–570.
  • Kotsadam A, Østby G. Armed conflict and maternal mortality: a micro-level analysis of sub-Saharan Africa, 1989–2013. Soc Sci Med. 2019;239.
  • Jawad M, Hone T, Vamos EP, Roderick P, Sullivan R, Millett C. Estimating indirect mortality impacts of armed conflict in civilian populations: panel regression analyses of 193 countries, 1990–2017. BMC Med. 2020;18:1–11.
  • Jawad M, Hone T, Vamos EP, Cetorelli V, Millett C. Implications of armed conflict for maternal and child health: a regression analysis of data from 181 countries for 2000–2019. PLoS Med. 2021;18:e1003810.
  • Hoffman F. Hybrid warfare revisited. Glob Ecco. 2015;5:34–39.
  • Schulz P, Kreft K Accountability for conflict-related sexual violence introduction: recent developments in redressing conflict-related sexu-al violence. 2022;1–25.
  • Asal V, Nagel RU. Control over bodies and territories: insurgent territorial control and sexual violence. Secur Stud. 2021;30:136–158.
  • Nagel RU, Doctor AC. Conflict-related sexual violence and rebel group fragmentation. J Confl Resolut. 2020;64:1226–1253.
  • Nordås R, Nagel RU. Continued failure to end wartime sexual violence. 2018. DOI:10.1080/13623699.2018.1541625
  • Utzinger J, Mg W. Editorial: armed conflict, war and public health. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:903–906.