Beyond supply and demand: a new ecological framework for understanding the access of young migrants to sexual and reproductive health services in Sweden

References

• World Health Organization. Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European region: no public health without refugee and migrant health. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2018. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/392773/ermh-eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• Mason-Jones AJ, Nicholson P. Structural violence and marginalisation. The sexual and reproductive health experiences of separated young people on the move. A rapid review with relevance to the European humanitarian crisis. Public Health. 2018;158:156–17. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Migrant health: HIV testing and counselling in migrant populations and ethnic minorities in EU/EEA/EFTA member states. 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Knight M, Kurinczuk JJ, Spark P, Brocklehurst P. Inequalities in maternal health: national cohort study of ethnic variation in severe maternal morbidities. BMJ. 2009;338:b542. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botfield JR, Zwi AB, Newman CE. Young migrants and sexual and reproductive healthcare. In: Handbook of migration and health. Edward Elgar Publishing; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Marston C, King E. Factors that shape young people’s sexual behaviour: a systematic review. Lancet. 2006;368:1581–1586. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69662-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha E. Inequalities and multiple discrimination in access to and quality of healthcare. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Mengesha ZB, Dune T, Perz J. Culturally and linguistically diverse women’s views and experiences of accessing sexual and reproductive health care in Australia: a systematic review. Sex Health. 2016;13:299–310. doi: 10.1071/SH15235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keygnaert I, Ivanova O, Guieu A, Van Parys A-S, Leye E, Roelens K. What is the evidence on the reduction of inequalities in accessibility and quality of maternal health care delivery for migrants? A review of the existing evidence in the WHO European region. Regional Office For Europe: World Health Organization; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Baroudi M, Goicolea I, Hurtig A-K, San-Sebastian M. Social factors associated with trust in the health system in northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13332-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rechel B, Mladovsky P, Ingleby D, Mackenbach JP, McKee M. Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe. Lancet. 2013;381:1235–1245. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62086-8 PubMed PMID: WOS:000317350100034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttigieg S Summary report on the MIPEX health strand and country reports. Geneva: International Organization for Migration; 2016. p. 9290687312.
   Google Scholar
• Paradies Y, Ben J, Denson N, et al. Racism as a determinant of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0138511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamed S, Thapar-Björkert S, Bradby H, Ahlberg BM. Racism in European health care: structural violence and beyond. Qual Health Res. 2020;30:1662–1673. doi: 10.1177/1049732320931430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkhälsomyndigheten. Sexualitet och hälsa bland unga i Sverige – UngKAB15 – en studie om kunskap, attityder och beteende bland unga 16–29 år. Stockholm; 2017. Available from: https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/contentassets/11272529714342b390d40fe3200f48cf/sexualitet-halsa-bland-unga-sverige-01186-2017-1-webb.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Folkhälsomyndigheten. Sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa och rättigheter (SRHR) i Sverige 2017 – Resultat från befolkningsundersökningen SRHR 2017. Stockholm; 2019. Available from: https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/publikationer-och-material/publikationsarkiv/s/sexuell-och-reproduktiv-halsa-och-rattigheter-i-sverige-2017/
   Google Scholar
• Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor (MUCF). FOKUS15. Ungas sexuella och reproduktiva rättigheter: En tematisk kartläggning. Stockholm: Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor; 2015. Available from: https://www.mucf.se/sites/default/files/2016/01/fokus15_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yin Z, Brown AE, Rice BD, Marrone G, Sönnerborg A, Suligoi B, et al. Post-migration acquisition of HIV: estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016. Eurosurveillance. 2021;26:2000161. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.33.2000161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socialstyrelsen. Ojämna villkor för hälsa och vård – Jämlikhetsperspektiv på hälso- och sjukvården. [Unequal conditions for health and healthcare - equity perspective in health health care]. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Danielsson M, Berglund T, Forsberg M, Larsson M, Rogala C, Tydén T. Sexual and reproductive health: health in Sweden: the national public health report 2012. Chapter 9. Scand J Soc Med. 2012;40:176–196. doi: 10.1177/1403494812459600
   Google Scholar
• Folkhälsomyndigheten. Nationell strategi för sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa och rättigheter (SRHR); En god, jämlik och jämställd sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa i hela befolkningen. Folkhälsomyndigheten; 2020. Available from: https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/contentassets/0d489b0821164e949c03e6e2a3a7e6cc/nationell-strategi-sexuell-reproduktiv-halsa-rattigheter.pdf
   Google Scholar
• The Global Migration Group (GMG). Migration and youth: challenges and opportunities 2014. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000227720
   Google Scholar
• Ungdomsmottagningen online (UMO). Vad behöver unga nyanlända? En studie av ensamkommandes och andra unga nyanländas behov när det gäller frågor kring sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa och rättigheter (SRHR) och psykisk hälsa. 2016. Available from: https://www.umo.se/globalassets/umo/block/standardtexter/umo-rapport-vad-behover-unga-nyanlanda.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wagenius CM, San Sebastian M, Gustafsson PE, Goicolea I. Access for all? Assessing vertical and horizontal inequities in healthcare utilization among young people in northern Sweden. Scand J Public Health. 2019;47:1–8. doi: 10.1177/1403494818774965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkinson RA, Keatley E, Glaeser E, Erickson-Schroth L, Fattal O, Nicholson Sullivan M. Persecution experiences and mental health of LGBT asylum seekers. J Homosex. 2017;64:1650–1666. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1253392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keygnaert I, Vettenburg N, Temmerman M. Hidden violence is silent rape: sexual and gender-based violence in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14:505–520. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2012.671961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkhälsomyndigheten. Migration, sexuell hälsa och prevention : två kunskapsöversikter med fokus på risktagande och riskutsatthet i samband med migration. Stockholm: Smittskyddsinstitutet (SMI); 2012. Available from: https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/12840/migration-prevention-sexuell-halsa.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Freccero J, Biswas D, Whiting A, Alrabe K, Seelinger KT. Sexual exploitation of unaccompanied migrant and refugee boys in Greece: approaches to prevention. PLOS Med. 2017;14:e1002438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chynoweth SK, Freccero J, Touquet H. Sexual violence against men and boys in conflict and forced displacement: implications for the health sector. Reprod Health Matters. 2017;25:90–94. doi: 10.1080/09688080.2017.1401895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Sweden (SCB). Invandring till sverige [Migration to Sweden] 2021. Available from: https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/sverige-i-siffror/manniskorna-i-sverige/invandring-till-sverige/
   Google Scholar
• Wernesjö U. Across the threshold: negotiations of deservingness among unaccompanied young refugees in Sweden. J Ethn Migr Stud. 2020;46:389–404. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2019.1584701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herz M. ‘Becoming’a possible threat: masculinity, culture and questioning among unaccompanied young men in Sweden. Identities. 2019;26:431–449. doi: 10.1080/1070289X.2018.1441692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socialstyrelsen & Folkhälsomyndigheten. Underlag till nationell strategi för sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa och rättigheter. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2014. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepoint-dokument/artikelkatalog/kunskapsstod/2014-10-26.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Justitiedepartementet. Förvaltningslag § 13 (2017:900), [Administration Act]. L6 J, editor; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Socialdepartementet. Smittskyddslag (2004:168), 7 kap. Ersättning, [Communicable Diseases Act]. Socialdepartementet, editor; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• FSUM [Föreningen för Sveriges ungdomsmottagningar]. Handbok för Sveriges ungdomsmotagningar. [Handbook of Sweden’s youth clinics]. 2018. Available from: http://www.fsum.nu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/handbok_original_utskrift.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Författningssamling S. Hälso-och sjukvårdslag. SFS. 1982;763. https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/halso-och-sjukvardslag-1982763_sfs-1982-763/
   Google Scholar
• Sverige Regeringen. God och jämlik hälsa – en utvecklad folkhälsopolitik [Good and equal health - a developed public health policy]. In: Socialdepartementet, editor. Regeringens proposition 2017/18:249. Stockholm; 2018. https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/proposition/2018/04/prop.-201718249/
   Google Scholar
• Akhavan S. Midwives’ views on factors that contribute to health care inequalities among immigrants in Sweden: a qualitative study. Int J Equity Health. 2012;11:47. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen SS, Hempler NF, Waldorff FB, Kreiner S, Krasnik A. Is there equity in use of healthcare services among immigrants, their descendents, and ethnic Danes? Scand J Public Health. 2012;40:260–270. doi: 10.1177/1403494812443602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammarström S, Alehagen S, Kilander H. Violence and sexual risk taking reported by young people at Swedish youth clinics. Ujms. 2022;127:127. doi: 10.48101/ujms.v127.7823
   Google Scholar
• Christianson M, Boman J, Essen B. “Men don’t think that far” - interviewing men in Sweden about chlamydia and HIV testing during pregnancy from a discursive masculinities construction perspective. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2017;12:107–115. doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2017.03.007 Epub 2017/05/10. PubMed PMID: 28477922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sollesnes R. Exploring issues that motivate contact with adolescent health. Vård i Norden. 2010;30:4–7. doi: 10.1177/010740831003000202 PubMed PMID: 10083099.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). The 17 goals | sustainable development 2015. Available from: https://sdgs.un.org/goals
   Google Scholar
• Starrs AM, Ezeh AC, Barker G, Basu A, Bertrand JT, Blum R, et al. Accelerate progress—sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the Guttmacher–Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2018;391:2642–2692. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30293-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans DB, Hsu J, Boerma T. Universal health coverage and universal access. Bullet World Health Organ. 2013;91:546–A. doi: 10.2471/BLT.13.125450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalski S. Universal health coverage may not be enough to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health beyond 2014. Glob Public Health. 2014;9:661–668. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2014.920892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Adolescent friendly health services: an agenda for change: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. Available from: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/67923
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Making health services adolescent friendly: developing national quality standards for adolescent friendly health services. Geneva: WHO; 2012. p. p.
   Google Scholar
• Obrist B, Iteba N, Lengeler C, Makemba A, Mshana C, Nathan R, et al. Access to health care in contexts of livelihood insecurity: a framework for analysis and action. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e308. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque J-F, Harris MF, Russell G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12:18. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London (England): Harvard university press; 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Baroudi M Leaving the door ajar : young migrants’ sexual and reproductive health in Sweden [ Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary]. Umeå: Umeå universitet; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Goddard M, Smith P. Equity of access to health care services: theory and evidence from the UK. Soc Sci Med. 2001;53:1149–1162. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00415-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivankova NV, Creswell JW, Stick SL. Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: from theory to practice. Field Methods. 2006;18:3–20. doi: 10.1177/1525822X05282260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroudi M, Hurtig A-K, Goicolea I, San Sebastian M, Jonzon R, Nkulu-Kalengayi FK. Young migrants’ sexual rights in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11672-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroudi M, Nkulu Kalengayi F, Goicolea I, Jonzon R, San Sebastian M, Hurtig A-K. Access of migrant youths in Sweden to sexual and reproductive healthcare: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2022;11:287–298. doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroudi M, San Sebastian M, Hurtig A-K, Goicolea I. The perception of youth health centres’ friendliness: does it differ between immigrant and Swedish-Scandinavian youths? Eur J Public Health. 2020;30:780–785. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroudi M, Goicolea I, Hurtig A-K. The good, the bad, and the why: how do Arabic-speaking migrant men perceive and experience information and services related to sexual and reproductive health in Sweden? J Migr Health. 2023;7:100153. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100153
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erens B, Phelps A, Clifton S, Mercer CH, Tanton C, Hussey D, et al. Methodology of the third British national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (Natsal-3). Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90:84–89. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroudi M, Waenerlund A-K, San Sebastian M, Goicolea I. Assessing the dimensionality of YFHS-Swe: a questionnaire to assess youth-friendliness in differentiated health services. Global Health Action. 2017;10:1380399. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1380399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The Belmont report: ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. Washington; 1978.
   Google Scholar
• World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bullet World Health Organ. 2001;79:373. doi: 10.4414/fms.2001.04031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economic and Social Research Council. ESRC framework for research ethics: updated January 2015. 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Awad GH, Patall EA, Rackley KR, Reilly ED. Recommendations for culturally sensitive research methods. J Educ Psychol Consult. 2016;26:283–303. doi: 10.1080/10474412.2015.1046600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Düvell F, Triandafyllidou A, Vollmer B. Ethical issues in irregular migration research in Europe. Popul Space Place. 2010;16:227–239. doi: 10.1002/psp.590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnette CE, Sanders S, Butcher HK, Rand JT. A toolkit for ethical and culturally sensitive research: an application with indigenous communities. Ethics Soc Welf. 2014;8:364–382. doi: 10.1080/17496535.2014.885987
   Google Scholar
• Branteryd F, Gallo C, Brown E, Svensson K. Crime victims, immigrants and social welfare: creating the racialized other in Sweden. Br J Criminol. 2021;62:948–964. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azab089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sverige Regeringen. En förnyad folkhälsopolitik. In: Socialdepartementet, editor. Regeringens proposition 2007. Stockholm: Regeringen; 2008. p. 110.
   Google Scholar
• Zeeman L, Sherriff N, Browne K, McGlynn N, Mirandola M, Gios L, et al. A review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) health and healthcare inequalities. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29:974–980. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JdO A, FMd S, Proença R, Bastos ML, Trajman A, Faerstein E. Prevalence of sexual violence among refugees: a systematic review. J Revista de saude publica. 2019;53:78. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Schrijver L, Vander Beken T, Krahé B, Keygnaert I, health p. Prevalence of sexual violence in migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees in Europe: a critical interpretive synthesis of the evidence. Int j Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1979. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landberg Å, Jonsson L, Svedin CG Den långa resan - möten med barn som misstänks vara utsatta för människohandel och sexuell exploatering [Elektronisk resurs]. Länsstyrelsen i Stockholms län; 2015. Available from: https://catalog.lansstyrelsen.se/store/39/resource/2015__17
   Google Scholar
• Dahl A-S. Sweden: once a moral superpower, always a moral superpower? Int J. 2006;61:895–908. doi: 10.1177/002070200606100408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlberg BM, Hamed S, Thapar-Björkert S, Bradby H. Invisibility of racism in the global neoliberal era: implications for researching racism in healthcare. Front Sociol. 2019;4:61. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2019.00061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baroudi M, Stoor JP, Blåhed H, Edin K, Hurtig A-K. Men and sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Nordic countries: a scoping review. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e052600. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandahl M, Bodin M, Stern J. In everybody’s interest but no one’s assigned responsibility: midwives’ thoughts and experiences of preventive work for men’s sexual and reproductive health and rights within primary care. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1423. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7792-z Epub 2019/11/02. Epub 2019/11/02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks KH, Stephens J. Reframing internalized racial oppression and charting a way forward. Soc Issues Policy Rev. 2018;12:91–111. doi: 10.1111/sipr.12041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowling A. Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education (UK); 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlgren L, Lindhgren M, Emmelin M, Hällgren Graneheim U, Sahlén KG, Winkvist A. Qualitative methodology for international public health. 3rd ed. Umeå: Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Graetz V, Rechel B, Groot W, Norredam M, Pavlova M. Utilization of health care services by migrants in Europe—a systematic literature review. Br Med Bull. 2017;121:5–18. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldw057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Åkerman E. Challenges and opportunities for sexual and reproductive healthcare services for immigrant women in Sweden. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Bredström A. ‘Love in another country’-‘race’, gender and sexuality in sexual education material targeting migrants in Sweden. Sexualities. 2005;8:517–535. doi: 10.1177/1363460705056624
   Google Scholar
• Krupic F, Hellström M, Biscevic M, Sadic S, Fatahi N. Difficulties in using interpreters in clinical encounters as experienced by immigrants living in Sweden. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25:1721–1728. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fejes A, Dahlstedt M. Popular education, migration and a discourse of inclusion. Stud Educ Adults. 2017;49:214–227. doi: 10.1080/02660830.2018.1463656
   Google Scholar
• Sharif H. “Här i Sverige måste man gå i skolan för att få respekt”: Nyanlända ungdomar i den svenska gymnasieskolans introduktionsutbildning. Uppsala (Sweden): Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Linander I, Goicolea I, Wiklund M, Gotfredsen A, Strömbäck M. Power and subjectivity: making sense of sexual consent among adults living in Sweden. NORA-Nord J Fem Gend Res. 2021;29:110–123. doi: 10.1080/08038740.2021.1903553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson A. The hegemony of the urban/rural divide: cultural transformations and mediatized moral geographies in Sweden. Space Cult. 2013;16:88–103. doi: 10.1177/1206331212452816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daun Å. Swedish mentality. USA: University Park; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ben J, Cormack D, Harris R, Paradies Y, Zeeb H. Racism and health service utilisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0189900. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taguieff P-A. The force of prejudice: on racism and its doubles. Minneapolis (USA): University of Minnesota Press; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Matlin SA, Depoux A, Schütte S, Flahault A, Saso L. Migrants’ and refugees’ health: towards an agenda of solutions. Public Health Rev. 2018;39:1–55. doi: 10.1186/s40985-018-0104-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmot M. Just societies, health equity, and dignified lives: the PAHO equity commission. Lancet. 2018;392:2247–2250. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32349-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solar O, Irwin A. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO Document Production Services; 2010.
   Google Scholar