References

• Adler, R. F., G. J. Huffman, A. Chang, R. Ferraro, P.-P. Xie, J. Janowiak, B. Rudolf, et al. 2003. “The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-present).” Journal of Hydrometeorology 4: 1147–1167. doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<147:tvgpcp>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, M., K. KAchutaRao, K. Ashok, S. Bhandari, A. Mitra, S. Prakash, R. Srivastava, and A. Turner. 2013. “Observational Challenges in Evaluating Climate Models.” Nature Climate Chang 3: 940–941. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dee, D. P., S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, S. Kobayashi, U. Andrae, et al. 2011. “The ERA-Interim Reanalysis: Configuration and Performance of the Data Assimilation System.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 137: 553–597. doi:10.1002/qj.828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, Y., Q. Bao, and Z. Xie. 2017. “FGOALS Model Simulation of Variation of East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet during Meiyu Period.” Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 41 (D3): 603–617. doi:10.3878/j..1006-9895.1609.16185.
   Google Scholar
• Eyring, V., S. Bony, G. A. Meehl, C. A. Senior, B. Stevens, R. J. Stouffer, and K. E. Taylor. 2016. “Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Experimental Design and Organization.” Geoscientific Model Development 9 (5): 1937–1958. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, Y. H., and D. Guo. 2020. “Projection of the East Asian Westerly Jet under Six Global Warming Targets.” Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 13 (2): 129–135. doi:10.1080/16742834.2020.1715199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, C., and T. Zhou. 2015. “Responses of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High to Global Warming under RCP4.5 And RCP8.5 Scenarios Projected by 33 CMIP5 Models: The Dominance of Tropical Indian Ocean–Tropical Western Pacific SST Gradient.” Journal of Climate 28 (1): 365–380. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00494.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, D., J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, and A. Huang. 2013. “Uncertainties on the Simulated Summer Precipitation over Eastern China from the CMIP5 Models.” Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 118: 9035–9047. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, et al. 1996. “The NCEP/NCAR 40-year Reanalysis Project.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77: 437–470. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:tnyrp>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Z., and R. Lu. 2005. “Interannual Meridional Displacement of the East Asian Upper-tropospheric Jet Stream in Summer.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 22: 199–211. doi:10.1007/BF02918509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Z., Y. Fu, and R. Lu. 2019. “Intermodel Diversity in the Zonal Location of the Climatological East Asian Westerly Jet’s Core in Summer and Association with Rainfall over East Asia in CMIP5 Models.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 36 (6): 614–622. doi:10.1007/s00376-019-8221-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, R. 2004. “Associations among the Components of the East Asian Summer Monsoon System in the Meridional Direction.” Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 82 (1): 155–165. doi:10.2151/jmsj.82.155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, R., and Y. Fu. 2010. “Intensification of East Asian Summer Rainfall Interannual Variability in the Twenty-first Century Simulated by 12 CMIP3 Coupled Models.” Journal of Climate 23: 3316–3331. doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3130.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., H. Xu, and P. Lin. 2015. “Meridional Position Biases of East Asian Subtropical Jet Stream in CMIP5 Models and Their Relationship with Ocean Model Resolutions.” International Journal of Climatology 35: 3942–3958. doi:10.1002/joc.4256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, F., and T. Zhou. 2013. “FGOALS-s2 Simulation of Upper-level Jet Streams over East Asia: Mean State Bias and Synoptic-scale Transient Eddy Activity.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 30 (3): 739–753. doi:10.1007/s00376-012-2212-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, K. E. 2001. “Summarizing Multiple Aspects of Model Performance in a Single Diagram.” Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 106 (D7): 7183–7192. doi:10.1029/2000JD900719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, T., Y. Lu, Y. Fang, X. Xin, L. Li, W. Li, W. Jie, et al. 2019. “The Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM): The Main Progress from CMIP5 to CMIP6.” Geoscientific Model Development 12: 1573–1600. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-1573-2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyser, K., T. Noije, S. Yang, J. Hardenberg, D. O’Donnell, and R. Döscher. 2019. “On the Increased Climate Sensitivity in the EC-Earth Model from CMIP5 to CMIP6.” Geoscientific Model Development Discussions. doi:10.5194/gmd-2019-282.
   Google Scholar
• Xuan, S., Q. Zhang, and S. Sun. 2011. “Anomalous Midsummer Rainfall in Yangtze River-Huaihe River Valleys and Its Association with the East Asia Westerly Jet.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 28 (2): 387–397. doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0111-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., and L. Guo. 2005. “Relationship between the Simulated East Asian Westerly Jet Biases and Seasonal Evolution of Rainbelt over Eastern China.” Chinese Science Bulletin 50 (14): 1503–1508. https://doi.org/10.1360/982004-361.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., X. Yu, J. Yao, and X. Dong. 2018. “Evaluation of the Subtropical Westerly Jet and Its Effects on the Projected Summer Rainfall over Central Asia Using multi-CMIP5 Models.” International Journal of Climatology 38: 1176–1189. doi:10.1002/joc.5443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar