The design and selection of tungsten carbide-based composite overlays for aggressive wear service conditions

References

• alberta.ca/oil-sands-facts-and-statistics.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson M, Chiovelli S, Llewellyn R. The use of tungsten carbide materials for oilsands wear applications. In: Moreau C, Marple B, editors. Thermal spray 2003: Advancing the science and applying the technology. ASM International; 2003. p. 509–518.
   Google Scholar
• oilsandsmagazine.com/technical/properties, Oil sands geology and the properties of bitumen.
   Google Scholar
• Bayliss P, Levinson A. Mineralogical review of Alberta oil sands deposits (lower cretaceous, Manneville Group). Bull Can Pet Geol. 1974;24(2):211–214.
   Google Scholar
• nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development-collaboration/industrial-rd-groups/mining-materials-wear-corrosion-consortium.
   Google Scholar
• Llewellyn R. Resisting wear attack in oil sands mining and processing. CIM Bull. July 1997: 75–81.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson MJ, Chiovelli S, Reid D. Wear resistant materials for use in the oil sands hydraulic transportation process. In: Collins L, editor. Materials for resource recovery and transport. CIM; 1998. p. 451–465.
   Google Scholar
• Llewellyn R. Materials for controlling wear in surface mining. CIM Bull. 1996;89(1002):76–82.
   Google Scholar
• Flores JF, Neville A, Kapur N, et al. An experimental study of the erosion–corrosion behavior of plasma transferred arc MMCs. Wear. 2009;267(1-4):213–222. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchely MF, Gutierrez JC, Leon LM, et al. The effect of microstructure on abrasive wear of hardfacing alloys. Wear. 2005;259(1-6):52–61. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2005.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llewellyn R, Tuite C. Hardfacing fights wear in oil sands operation. Weld J. March 1995: 55–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson M, Chiovelli S, Hoskins S. Improving reliability and productivity at Syncrude Canada Ltd through materials research: past, present and future. CIM Bull. 2004;97(1083):1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher G, Wolfe T. protective overlays and coatings used in oil sands, ASM handbook v5A, Thermal spray technology. ASM Int. 2013: 509–519.
   Google Scholar
• Morris J. Macrocrystalline thermit process revealed. Powder Rep. 1999;54(12):22–27. doi:10.1016/S0026-0657(00)86724-7
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi T, Feise E. Determination of the slip systems in single crystals of tungsten monocarbide. Philos Mag. 1965;12:1–8. doi:10.1080/14786436508224941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher G, Wolfe T. Wear of hardfacing alloys, ASM Handbook, v18, Friction, lubrication and wear technology. ASM Int. 2017: 688–695.
   Google Scholar
• Liyanage T, Fisher G, Gerlich AP. Influence of alloy chemistry on microstructure and properties in NiCrBSi overlay coatings deposited by plasma transferred arc welding (PTAW). Surf Coat Technol. 2010;205:779–765. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulos M, Fauhais P, Heberlain J. Plasma transferred arc coating, Thermal spray fundamentals. xx: Pub Springer; 2021. 519–558
   Google Scholar
• Fisher G, Crick D, Wolodko J, et al. Impact testing of materials for oil sands processing. In: Corrosion 2007. Conference and Expo no. 07682.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider SJ, Shaffer P. Engineering properties of carbides. ASM Int Eng Mater Handbook. 1991;4:804–811.
   Google Scholar
• Just C, Badisch E, Wosik J. Influence of welding current on carbide/matrix interface properties in MMCs. J Mater Process Technol. 2010;210(2):408–414. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Lei T, Chen W. Microstructural characterization of WCp reinforced Ni–Cr–B–Si–C composite coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;114(2-3):285–291. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00056-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaramoorthy R, Tong S, Parekh D, et al. Effect of matrix chemistry and WC types on the performance of Ni-WC based MMC overlays deposited by plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding. Wear. 2017;317-377:1720–1727. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.027
   Google Scholar
• Roth H, Chiovelli S. Combating localised loss of PTAW overlay. CWA J. 2017;21:56–65.
   Google Scholar
• Nayak B. Enhancement in the microhardness of arc plasma melted tungsten carbide. Jn Mater Sci. 2003;38:2717–2721. doi:10.1023/A:1024455207083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar