Coping style and mental health amid the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a culture-moderated meta-analysis of 44 nations

References

• Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., & Valentiner, D. P. (2007). The short health anxiety inventory: Psychometric properties and construct validity in a non-clinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(6), 871–883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9058-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hasan, A., Yim, D., & Khuntia, J. (2020). Citizens’ adherence to COVID-19 mitigation recommendations by the government: A 3-country comparative evaluation using web-based cross-sectional survey data. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), Article e20634. https://doi.org/10.2196/20634
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, S. A., Baloch, M., Ahmed, N., Ali, A. A., & Iqbal, A. (2020). The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—An emerging global health threat. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(4), 644–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2010). Meta-analysis reporting standards (MARS). In Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA Style (7th ed., pp. 245–254). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Armitage, R., & Nellums, L. B. (2020). Considering inequalities in the school closure response to COVID-19. The Lancet Global Health, 8(5), e644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30116-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austenfeld, J. L., & Stanton, A. L. (2004). Coping through emotional approach: A new look at emotion, coping, and health-related outcomes. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1335–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00299.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayoub, L. H., Partridge, T., & Gómez, J. M. (2022). Two sides of the same coin: A mixed methods study of black mothers’ experiences with violence, stressors, parenting, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv, https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mkvf2
   Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Brailovskaia, J., Ozimek, P., & Bierhoff, H.-W. (2021). How to prevent side effects of social media use (SMU)? Relationship between daily stress, online social support, physical activity and addictive tendencies – a longitudinal approach before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 5, Article 100144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buomprisco, G., Ricci, S., Perri, R., & De Sio, S. (2021). Health and telework: New challenges after COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 5(2), em0073. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejeph/9705
   Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S. (2011). Coping. In R. Contrada & A. Baum (Eds.), The handbook of stress science: Biology, psychology, and health (pp. 221–229). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., Amtmann, D., Bode, R., Buysse, D., Choi, S., Cook, K., DeVellis, R., DeWalt, D., Fries, J. F., Gershon, R., Hahn, E. A., Lai, J.-S., Pilkonis, P., Revicki, D., … Hays, R. (2010). The patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005–2008. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(11), 1179–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, J. (2015). The interplay between collectivism and social support processes among Asian and Latino American college students. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C. (2001). Assessing coping flexibility in real-life and laboratory settings: A multimethod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(5), 814–833. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.5.814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Chen, Z., & LuoKogan, A. (2008). Social support and money as double-edged swords: Primary soothers and precipitants of pain. Psychological Inquiry, 19(3-4), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400802608806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., & Cheung, M. W. L. (2005). Psychological responses to outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome: A prospective, multiple time-point study. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 261–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00310.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Ebrahimi, O. V., & Lau, Y. (2020). Maladaptive coping with the infodemic and sleep disturbance in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Sleep Research, 30(4), e13235. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Lau, H. B., & Chan, M. S. (2014). Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1582–1607. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Wang, H.-y., & Chan, L. (2021). Multiple forms of mass anxiety in Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 291, 338–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Wang, H.-y., & Ebrahimi, O. V. (2021). Adjustment to a “new normal:” Coping flexibility and mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 353. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, M. W. L. (2015). Meta-analysis: A structural equation modeling approach. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032968
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, M. W. L. (2019). A guide to conducting a meta-analysis with non-independent effect sizes. Neuropsychology Review, 29(4), 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-019-09415-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn, K. M., & Vevea, J. L. (2019). weightr: Estimating weight-function models for publication bias (R Package Version 2.0.2) [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/weightr/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Coccia, M. (2021). The impact of first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in society: Comparative analysis to support control measures to cope with negative effects of future infectious diseases. Environmental Research, 197, 111099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, H. M., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (2019). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (New York, Trans., 3rd ed.). Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Crabtree, S. (2010). Religiosity highest in world's poorest nations. Retrieved October 6, 2021, from https://news.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Cyr, D., & Head, M. (2013). Website design in an international context: The role of gender in masculine versus feminine oriented countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1358–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLongis, A., & Holtzman, S. (2005). Coping in context: The role of stress, social support, and personality in coping. Journal of Personality, 73(6), 1633–1656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00361.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L. R. (1993). Brief symptom inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedure manual (4th ed.). National Computer Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Ding, K., Yang, J., Chin, M.-K., Sullivan, L., Demirhan, G., Violant-Holz, V., Uvinha, R. R., Dai, J., Xu, X., & Popeska, B. (2021). Mental health among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: A cross-sectional multi-country comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval, S. (2005). The trim and fill method. In H. R. Rothstein, A. J. Sutton, & M. Borenstein (Eds.), Publication bias in meta-analysis (pp. 127–144). John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470870168.ch8
   Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi, O. V., Hoffart, A., & Johnson, S. U. (2021). Viral mitigation and the COVID-19 pandemic: Factors associated with adherence to social distancing protocols and hygienic behaviour. Psychology & Health, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1960987
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edara, I. R. (2017). Religion: A subset of culture and an expression of spirituality. Advances in Anthropology, 7(04), 273. https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2017.74015
   Google Scholar
• Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629–634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1999). Coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS): Manual (2nd ed.). Multi-Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved August 3, 2021, from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en
   Google Scholar
• Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988a). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988b). Manual of the ways of coping questionnaire. Mind Garden.
   Google Scholar
• Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (2000). The dynamics of a stressful encounter. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Motivational science: Social and personality perspectives (pp. 111–127). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2007). Positive affect and meaning-focused coping during significant psychological stress. In M. Hewstone & H. Schut (Eds.), The scope of social psychology: Theory and applications (pp. 193–208). Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Gelfand, M. J., Harrington, J. R., & Fernandez, J. R. (2017). Cultural tightness-looseness: Ecological affordances and implications for personality. In T. A. Church (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality (pp. 207–235). Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Germani, F., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2021). The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis. PloS one, 16(3), e0247642. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. (1978). Manual of the GHQ. NFER.
   Google Scholar
• Gostin, L. O., & Wiley, L. F. (2020). Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stay-at-home orders, business closures, and travel restrictions. JAMA, 323(21), 2137–2138. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan, J., Wu, C., Wei, D., Xu, Q., Wang, J., Lin, H., Wang, C., & Mao, Z. (2021). Prevalence and factors for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among college students in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), Article 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gundel, B. E., Bartholomew, T. T., & Scheel, M. J. (2020). Culture and care: An illustration of multicultural processes in a counseling dyad. Practice Innovations, 5(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000104
   Google Scholar
• Hammond, L. E. (2021). The costs of COVID-19: Loneliness, coping, and psychological distress in the United States population [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Seattle Pacific University.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F., & Krippendorff, K. (2007). Answering the call for a standard reliability measure for coding data. Communication Methods and Measures, 1(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450709336664
   Google Scholar
• Hill, E. M., & Hamm, A. (2019). Intolerance of uncertainty, social support, and loneliness in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 28(3), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. H. (1998). Masculinity/femininity as a dimension of culture. In G. H. Hofstede (Ed.), Masculinity and femininity: The Taboo dimension of national cultures (pp. 3–28). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. H. (2018). Dimension data matrix. Retrieved June 8, 2019, from https://www.geerthofstede.com/research–vsm
   Google Scholar
• Jiang, Q. J. (1999). The Chinese trait coping style questionnaire. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, 2, 120–122.
   Google Scholar
• Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. (2022, December 14). Coronavirus COVID-19 global cases. Johns Hopkins University and Medicine. Retrieved December 14, 2022, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. T., Low, R. E., & MacDonald, H. V. (2015). Panning for the gold in health research: Incorporating studies’ methodological quality in meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 30(1), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.953533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaniasty, K., de Terte, I., Guilaran, J., & Bennett, S. (2020). A scoping review of post-disaster social support investigations conducted after disasters that struck the Australia and Oceania continent. Disasters, 44(2), 336–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killgore, W. D. S., Cloonan, S. A., Taylor, E. C., & Dailey, N. S. (2021). Mental health during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 535. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.561898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, B. C., & Stewart, T. A. (2019). Cases on cross-cultural counseling strategies. IGI Global.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lai, A. Y.-k., Lee, L., Wang, M.-p., Feng, Y., Lai, T. T.-k., Ho, L.-m., Lam, V. S.-f., Ip, M. S.-m., & Lam, T.-h. (2020). Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on international university students, related stressors, and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 584240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.584240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakey, B., & Cohen, S. (2000). Social support and theory. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 29–52). Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Landy, J. F., Shigeto, A., Laxman, D. J., & Scheier, L. M. (2022). Typologies of stress appraisal and problem-focused coping: Associations with compliance with public health recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 784. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13161-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. C., & Zalkalne, E. (2017). Counseling across cultures. In D. Capuzzi & D. R. Gross (Eds.), Introduction to the counseling profession (pp. 54–72). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, M., Nezu, A. M., & Nezu, C. M. (2014). Positive and negative religious coping, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in people with HIV. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(5), 921–930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-014-9552-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus anxiety scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., & Peng, J. (2021). Does social support matter? The mediating links with coping strategy and anxiety among Chinese college students in a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1298. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11332-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindner, C., Kotta, I., Marschalko, E. E., Szabo, K., Kalcza-Janosi, K., & Retelsdorf, J. (2022). Increased risk perception, distress intolerance and health anxiety in stricter lockdowns: Self-control as a key protective factor in early response to the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), Article 5098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed). Psychology Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Malik, T. H. (2021). Culturally imprinted anxiety and the itinerary of clinical trial projects for its management. Cross-Cultural Research, 55(2–3), 148–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120967309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middelburg, R. A., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2020). COVID-19: How to make between-country comparisons. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 96, 477–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minahan, J., Falzarano, F., Yazdani, N., & Siedlecki, K. L. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and psychosocial outcomes across age through the stress and coping framework. The Gerontologist, 61(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni, M. Y., Yang, L., Leung, C. M. C., Li, N., Yao, X. I., Wang, Y., Leung, G. M., Cowling, B. J., & Liao, Q. (2020). Mental health, risk factors, and social media use during the COVID-19 epidemic and cordon sanitaire among the community and health professionals in Wuhan, China: Cross-sectional survey. JMIR Mental Health, 7(5), e19009. https://doi.org/10.2196/19009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., & Brennan, S. E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
   Google Scholar
• Paralkar, U., & Knutson, D. (2021). Coping with academic stress: Ambiguity and uncertainty tolerance in college students. Journal of American College Health. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1965148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pargament, K., Feuille, M., & Burdzy, D. (2011). The brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persol Research and Development. (2020). Survey of telework in Japan for COVID-19.
   Google Scholar
• Pulido-Martos, M., Cortés-Denia, D., & Lopez-Zafra, E. (2021). Teleworking in times of COVID-19: Effects on the acquisition of personal resources. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 2485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randall, A. K., Leon, G., Basili, E., Martos, T., Boiger, M., Baldi, M., Hocker, L., Kline, K., Masturzi, A., & Aryeetey, R. (2022). Coping with global uncertainty: Perceptions of COVID-19 psychological distress, relationship quality, and dyadic coping for romantic partners across 27 countries. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 39(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211034236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Rocha, Y. M., de Moura, G. A., Desidério, G. A., de Oliveira, C. H., Lourenço, F. D., & de Figueiredo Nicolete, L. D. (2021). The impact of fake news on social media and its influence on health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Journal of Public Health, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01658-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Burlina, C. (2021). Institutions and the uneven geography of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Regional Science, 61(4), 728–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41(7), 813–819. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.7.813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, J. E., Neale, J., Marco, C., Shiffman, S. S., & Stone, A. A. (1999). Does trait coping exist? A momentary assessment approach to the evaluation of traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(2), 360–369. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, S. M. A., Mohammad, D., Qureshi, M. F. H., Abbas, M. Z., & Aleem, S. (2021). Prevalence, psychological responses and associated correlates of depression, anxiety and stress in a global population, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Community Mental Health Journal, 57(1), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00728-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siebenhaar, K. U., Köther, A. K., & Alpers, G. W. (2020). Dealing with the COVID-19 infodemic: Distress by information, information avoidance, and compliance with preventive measures. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2981. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L., & Simmons, J. (2015). Official user-guide to the P-curve. Retrieved September 1, 2021, from http://www.p-curve.com/guide.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2017). P-Curve App (Version 4.06) [Web application]. http://www.p-curve.com/app4/pcurve4.php.
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair, V. G., & Wallston, K. A. (2004). The development and psychometric evaluation of the brief resilient coping scale. Assessment, 11(1), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191103258144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Form Y). Consulting Psychologists.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group(1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. JAMA, 282(18), 1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.18.1737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, H., Webster, S., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., & Kira, B. (2020). Oxford COVID-19 government response tracker. Blavatnik School of Government, The University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism-collectivism and personality. Journal of Personality, 69(6), 907–924. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.696169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkiewicz, K. L. (2017). The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 994–997). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411
   Google Scholar
• van Uchelen, C. (2000). Individualism, collectivism, and community psychology. In J. Rappaport & E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 65–78). Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• Vevea, J. L., & Woods, C. M. (2005). Publication bias in research synthesis: Sensitivity analysis using a priori weight functions. Psychological Methods, 10(4), 428–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.10.4.428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v036.i03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viechtbauer, W., & Cheung, M. W. L. (2010). Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J. S.-H., Peng, C., Luo, H., Zhang, J., & Oh, H. (2021). Containment, health, and social policies in the time of COVID-19–determinants and outcomes of initial responses across 120 countries. Health Policy and Planning, 36(10), 1613–1624. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicherts, J. M., Veldkamp, C. L. S., Augusteijn, H. E. M., Bakker, M., Van Aert, R., & Van Assen, M. A. L. M. (2016). Degrees of freedom in planning, running, analyzing, and reporting psychological studies: A checklist to avoid p-hacking. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1832. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2022). World Bank DataBank Microdata. The World Bank Group. Retrieved September 27, 2022, from https://data.worldbank.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, J., Wu, Y., & Tian, Y. (2022). Temporal associations among loneliness, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Stress and Health, 38(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, J. H., & Xu, X. F. (1996). The research of reliability and validity of the coping style questionnaire. China Mental Health, 10(4), 164–168.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, Y. N. (1998). A preliminary study on the reliability and validity of the simple coping style scale. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6(2), 114–115.
   Google Scholar
• Yee, A., Hodori, N. A. M., Tung, Y.-Z., Ooi, P.-L., Latif, S. A. B. A., Isa, H. M., Chai, C.-S., & Tan, S.-B. (2021). Depression level and coping responses toward the movement control order and its impact on quality of life in the Malaysian community during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional study. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00322-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh, C. J. (2003). Age, acculturation, cultural adjustment, and mental health symptoms of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese immigrant youths. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.9.1.34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu, W., Wei, Y., Meng, X., & Li, J. (2020). The mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between social support and anxiety in Chinese medical staff during COVID-19. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4778-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zung, W. W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zung, W. W. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 12(6), 371–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(71)71479-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar