Mechanisms of recruitment into sex trafficking operations: a systematic review

References

• Acharya, A. K. (2010). Feminization of migration and trafficking of women in Mexico. Review Research Society Intervention, 30, 19–38.
   Google Scholar
• Acharya, K. A. (2008). Sexual violence and proximate risks: A study on trafficked women in Mexico City. Gender, Technology and Development, 12(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/097185240701200106
   Google Scholar
• Baird, K., & Connolly, J. (2023). Recruitment and entrapment pathways of minors into sex trafficking in Canada and the United States: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 24(1), 189–202. Published online June 29, 2021:152483802110252. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211025241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird, K., McDonald, K. P., & Connolly, J. (2020). Sex trafficking of women and girls in a southern Ontario region: Police file review exploring victim characteristics, trafficking experiences, and the intersection with child welfare. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 52(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullens, R. A. R., & van Horn, J. E. (2002). Labour of love: Female juvenile prostitution in the Netherlands. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8(3), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2002.10516333
   Google Scholar
• CASP Qualitative Checklist. (2018). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Retrieved November 11, 2021. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
   Google Scholar
• Chisolm-Straker, M., & Stoklosa, H. (2018). Human trafficking is a public health issue: A paradigm expansion in the United States. Chisolm-Straker M, Stoklosa H. (Eds.), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47824-1
   Google Scholar
• Ciliska, D., Miccuci, S., Dobbins, M., Thomas, B. (2007). Effective public healthcare panacea project. Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Retrieved December 1, 2022. https://www.ephpp.ca/quality-assessment-tool-for-quantitative-studies/
   Google Scholar
• Constantinou, A. G. (2020). The roles and actions of sex traffickers in Cyprus: An overview. Trends Organ Crime, 23(4), 324–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-019-09369-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davy, D. (2016). Human trafficking and slavery in Australia: Pathways, tactics, and subtle elements of enslavement. Women & Criminal Justice, 26(3), 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2015.1087363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, O. O. (2010). Methods of sex trafficking: Findings of a case study in Turkey. Global Crime, 11(3), 314–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2010.490636
   Google Scholar
• Demir, O. O., & Finckenauer, J. O. (2010). Victims of sex trafficking in Turkey: Characteristics, motivations, and dynamics. Women & Criminal Justice, 20(1), 57–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974451003641081
   Google Scholar
• de Vries, I., Kafafian, M., Goggin, K., Bouchard, E., Goldfarb, S., & Farrell, A. (2020). Enhancing the identification of commercial sexual exploitation among a population of high-risk youths using predictive regularization models. Child Maltreatment, 25(3), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519889178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, A. C., & DeHart, D. (2019). Provider perspectives on sex trafficking: Victim pathways, service needs, & blurred boundaries. Victims & Offenders, 14(4), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2019.1595241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhard, J., Frost, A. C., & Rerup, C. (2019). The dark side of routine dynamics: Deceit and the work of Romeo pimps. Res Sociol Organ, 61, 99–121.
   Google Scholar
• Fedina, L., & DeForge, B. R. (2017). Estimating the trafficked population: Public-health research methodologies may be the answer. Journal of Human Trafficking, 3(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2017.1280316
   Google Scholar
• Franchino-Olsen, H. (2021). Vulnerabilities relevant for commercial sexual exploitation of children/domestic minor sex trafficking: A systematic review of risk factors. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 22(1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018821956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gezinski, L. B., & Gonzalez-Pons, K. M. (2022). Sex trafficking and technology: A systematic review of recruitment and exploitation. Journal of Human Trafficking, 1–15. Published online February 15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2022.2034378
   Google Scholar
• Greenbaum, J., Bodrick, N., Flaherty, E. G., Idzerda, S. M., Laskey, A. “., Legano, L. A., Leventhal, J. M., Gavril, A. R., Suchdev, P. S., Chan, K. J., Howard, C. R., McGann, P. T., Clair, N. E., & Yun, K., Committee on child and Neglect. (2017). Global human trafficking and child victimization. Pediatrics, 140(6), e20173138. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenbaum, J., Crawford-Jakubiak, J. E., Christian, C. W., Crawford-Jakubiak, J. E., Flaherty, E. G., Leventhal, J. M., Lukefahr, J. L., & Sege, R. D. (2015). Child sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation: Health care needs of victims. Pediatrics, 135(3), 566–574. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-4138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan, E., Raghavan, C., & Doychak, K. (2021). Functional isolation: Understanding isolation in trafficking survivors. Sex Abuse Journal Research Treatment, 33(2), 176–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063219889059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickle, K., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2017). “Curiosity and a pimp”: Exploring sex trafficking victimization in experiences of entering sex trade industry work among participants in a prostitution diversion program. Women & Criminal Justice, 27(2), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2015.1128376
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, L., Engstrom, D., Hilliard, P., & Sungakawan, D. (2011). Human trafficking between Thailand and Japan: Lessons in recruitment, transit and control. International Journal of Social Welfare, 20(2), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2009.00669.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, M. A., Klein, C., Bristowe, J. T. K., Cooper, B. S., & Yuille, J. C. (2007). Routes of recruitment: Pimps’ techniques and other circumstances that lead to street prostitution. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 15(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1300/J146v15n02_01
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, S. A., & Liborio, R. M. C. (2011). Sex trade involvement in São Paulo, Brazil and Toronto, Canada: Narratives of social exclusion and fragmented identities. Youth & Society, 43(3), 982–1009. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X10379127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulig, T. C., & Cullen, F. T. (2021). A theory of sex trafficking victimization. In T. Pratt & J. J. Turanovic (Eds.), Revitalizing victimization theory: Revisions, applications, and new directions (pp. 279–307). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, J. A., & Schumacher, U. (2017). Mental health issues in survivors of sex trafficking. Cogent Medicine, 4(1), 1278841. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205x.2017.1278841
   Google Scholar
• Macias-Konstantopoulos, W., & Ma, Z. B. (2017). Physical health of human trafficking survivors: Unmet essentials. In M. Chisolm-Straker & H. Stoklosa (Eds.), Human trafficking is a public health issue: A paradigm expansion in the United States (pp. 1–457). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47824-1_11
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, A., Horning, A., Curtis, R., Sanson, J., & Thompson, E. (2014). Conflict and agency among sex workers and pimps: A closer look at domestic minor sex trafficking. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653(1), 225–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214521993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcdonald, L., & Timoshkina, N. (2007). The life of trafficked sex workers from the former Eastern Bloc: The Canadian dimension. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 31(2), 211–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2007.9678769
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams, E. R., & Hunter, B. A. (2021). The impact of criminal record stigma on quality of life: A test of theoretical pathways. American Journal of Community Psychology, 67(1–2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molland, S. (2011). ‘I am helping them’: ‘Traffickers’, ‘anti-traffickers’ and economies of bad faith. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 22(2), 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00135.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottisova, L., Hemmings, S., Howard, L. M., Zimmerman, C., & Oram, S. (2016). Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: An updated systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(4), 317–341. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796016000135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacios, S. P. I. (2020). Recruitment strategies used by Mexican sex traffickers. Migration Letters, 17(5), 669–679. https://doi.org/10.33182/ML.V17I5.754
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrunov, G. (2014). Human trafficking in Eastern Europe: The case of Bulgaria. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653(1), 162–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716214521556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philaretou, A. G. (2005). Eastern-European sex workers in greek-Cypriot cabarets. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 12(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160590933680
   Google Scholar
• Raphael, J., Myers-Powell, B. (2010). From victims to victimizers: Interviews with 25 ex-pimps in Chicago. September. www.law.depaul.edu/family.
   Google Scholar
• Raphael, J., Reichert, J. A., & Powers, M. (2010). Pimp control and violence: Domestic sex trafficking of Chicago women and girls. Women & Criminal Justice, 20(1–2), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974451003641065
   Google Scholar
• Reed, S. M., Kennedy, M. A., Decker, M. R., & Cimino, A. N. (2019). Friends, family, and boyfriends: An analysis of relationship pathways into commercial sexual exploitation. Child Abuse and Neglect, 90(October 2018), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reid, J. A. (2016). Entrapment and enmeshment schemes used by sex traffickers. Sexual Abuse, 28(6), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214544334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robichaux, K., Melissa, M., & Torres, L. I. (2022). The role of social determinants in caring for trafficked patients: A public health perspective on human trafficking. Hum Traffick, 86(Supplement A), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2022.86.suppA.8
   Google Scholar
• Roe-Sepowitz, D. E., Gallagher, J., Risinger, M., & Hickle, K. (2015). The sexual exploitation of girls in the United States: The role of female pimps. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(16), 2814–2830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514554292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman, E. F., Bazzi, A. R., & Bair-Merritt, M. (2015). “I’ll do whatever as long as you keep telling me that I’m important”: A case study illustrating the link between adolescent dating violence and sex trafficking victimization. The Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.58464/2155-5834.1238
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, E., Stoklosa, H., Baldwin, S., Chisolm-Straker, M., Kato Price, R., & Atkinson, H. G. (2017). Public health research priorities to address US human trafficking. American Journal of Public Health, 107(7), 1045–1047. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, A. (2018). Human trafficking: A research synthesis on human-trafficking literature in academic journals from 2000–2014. Journal of Human Trafficking, 4(2), 114–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2017.1292377
   Google Scholar
• Sabon, L. C. (2018). Force, fraud, and coercion—what do they mean? A study of victimization experiences in a new destination Latino sex trafficking network. Feminist Criminology, 13(5), 456–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085116676886
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, E., Edgemon, T. G., Aletraris, L., Kagotho, N., Clay-Warner, J., & Okech, D. (2022). A review of prevalence estimation methods for human trafficking populations. Public Health Reports, 137(1_suppl), 46S–52S. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211044010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, D., & de Blank, S. (2010). Women who traffic women: The role of women in human trafficking networks – Dutch cases. Global Crime, 11(4), 436–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2010.519528
   Google Scholar
• Silverman, J. G., Decker, M. R., Gupta, J., Maheshwari, A., Patel, V., Willis, B. M., & Raj, A. (2007). Experiences of sex trafficking victims in Mumbai, India. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 97(3), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simkhada, P., van Teijlingen, E., Bissell, S. A., Poobalan, A., Wasti, S. P., & Wasti, S. P. (2018). Health consequences of sex trafficking: A systematic review. Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, 4(1), 130–150. https://doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v4i1.21150
   Google Scholar
• Smith, L. A., Healy Vardaman, S., & Snow, M. A. (2009). The National report on domestic minor sex trafficking: America’s prostituted children. Shard Hope International.
   Google Scholar
• Sprang, G., Stoklosa, H., & Greenbaum, J. (2022). The public health response to human trafficking: A look back and a step forward. Public Health Reports, 137(1_suppl), 5S–9S. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549221085588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., & Johnson, K. A. (2006). Trading sex: Voluntary or coerced? The experiences of homeless youth. Journal of Sex Research, 43(3), 208–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490609552319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uggen, C., & Stewart, R. (2015). Piling on: Collateral consequences and community supervision. Minnesota Law Review, 99(5), 1871–1910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Government. (2000). Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000. Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Adminsitration. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.3244.ENR:
   Google Scholar
• Veldhuizen-Ochodničanová, E., & Jeglic, E. L. (2021). Of madams, mentors and mistresses: Conceptualising the female sex trafficker in the United States. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 64, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, T. P., Alpert, E. J., Ahn, R., Cafferty, E., Konstantopoulos, W. M., Wolferstan, N., Castor, J. P., McGahan, A. M., & Burke, T. F. (2010). Sex trafficking and health care in metro Manila: Identifying social determinants to inform an effective health system response. Health and Human Rights, 12(2), 135–147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williamson, C., & Prior, M. (2009). Domestic minor sex trafficking: A network of underground players in the Midwest. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 2(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361520802702191
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S. X. (2009). Beyond the ‘Natasha’ story – a review and critique of current research on sex trafficking. Global Crime, 10(3), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570903079899
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S. X. (2011). Woman pullers: Pimping and sex trafficking in a Mexican border city. Crime, Law, & Social Change, 56(5), 509–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9333-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., & Watts, C. (2011). Human trafficking and health: A conceptual model to inform policy, intervention and research. Social Science & Medicine, 73(2), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar