Māori ways of speaking: Code-switching in parliamentary discourse, Māori and river identity, and the power of Kaitiakitanga for conservation

References

• Asiata, W. (2018, January 3). Te Reo Māori in New Zealand Parliament, as recorded in the Hansard Reports. https://www.tepunahamatatini.ac.nz/
   Google Scholar
• Belgrave, M., Kawharu, M., & Williams, D. (Eds.). (2005). Waitangi revisited: Perspectives on the Treaty of Waitangi. Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Biswas, A. K. (1999). Water crisis current perceptions and future realities. Water International, 24(4), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069908692189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, E. (2003). Extending the rights of personhood, voice and life to sensate others: A homology of right to life and animals rights rhetoric. Communication Quarterly, 51(3), 312–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370309370159
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, D. R. (2017). The rights of nature: A legal revolution that could save the world. ECW Press
   Google Scholar
• Bunce, P., Phillipson, R., Rapatahana, V., & Tupas, T. R. F. (eds.). (2016). Why English? Confronting the hydra. Multilingual Matters
   Google Scholar
• Carbaugh, D. (1999). “Just listen”: “Listening” and landscape among the Blackfeet. Western Journal of Communication, 63(3), 250–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570319909374641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbaugh, D. (2005). Cultures in conversation. Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates
   Google Scholar
• Carbaugh, D. (2007). Cultural discourse analysis: Communication practices and intercultural encounters. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 36(3), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475750701737090
   Google Scholar
• Carbaugh, D., & Cerulli, T. (2013). Cultural discourses of dwelling: Investigating environmental communication as a place-based practice. Environmental Communication-a Journal of Nature and Culture, 7(1), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2012.749296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbaugh, D., & Cerulli, T. (2017). Cultural discourse analysis. In Y. Y. KIm International encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication (pp. 1–9). Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0117
   Google Scholar
• Carbaugh, D. Gibson, T., & Milburn, T. A. (1997). A view of communication and culture: Scenes in an ethnic cultural center and private college. In B. Kovacic (Ed.), Emerging theories of human communication (pp. 1–24). State University of New York Press
   Google Scholar
• Cerulli, T. (2016). “Ma'iingan Is Our brother” Ojibwe and non-Ojibwe ways of speaking about wolves. In D. Carbaugh (Ed.), The handbook of communication in cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 247–260). Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Diegues, A. C. (2007). Água e cultura nas populações tradicionais Brasileiras. Presented at the I Encontro Internacional: Governança da Água, São Paulo, Brazil. (Personal translation). http://nupaub.fflch.usp.br/sites/nupaub.fflch.usp.br/files/color/simbolagua.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dodson, G. (2014). Moving forward, keeping the past in front of us. Treaty settlements, conservation, co-governance and communication. In G. Dodson, & E. Papoutsaki (Eds.), Communication issues in Aotearoa New Zealand: A collection of research essays (pp. 62–73). Epress Unitec
   Google Scholar
• Eliasson, S. (1990, July 24–31). English-Maori language contact: Code-switching and the free-morpheme constraint. In R. Filipović & M. Bratanić (Eds.), Languages in contact. Proceedings of the symposium of the 12th international congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Zagreb, 1988 (pp. 33–49). Institute of Linguistics, University of Zagreb.
   Google Scholar
• Esterling, S., & Collins, T. (2019). Fluid personalities: Indigenous rights and Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims settlement) Act 2017 in Aotearoa New Zealand. Melbourne Journal of International Law 20(1), 197–220. https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/3144318/Collins-and-Esterling.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeife, A.C. (2013). Code-alternation in strengthening indigenous cultures and languages: A feminist reading. Language in India, 13(5), 243–257. http://www.languageinindia.com/may2013/yellowsunnigeria.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gardner-Chloros, P. (2009). Code-switching. Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Gavin, M. C. McCarter, J. Mead, A. Berkes, F. Stepp, J. R. Peterson, D., & Tang, R. (2015). Defining biocultural approaches to conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30(3), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumperz, J., & Hernandez, E. (1969). Cognitive aspects of bilingual communication. Working Paper No.28, Language Behavior Research Laboratory, December 1969. University of California Press
   Google Scholar
• Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Gumperz, J. J., & Hymes, D. H. (Eds.). (1972). Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Hall, K., & Nilep, C. (2015). Code-switching, identity, and globalization. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schffrin (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (2nd ed., pp. 597–619). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118584194.ch28
   Google Scholar
• Hanjra, M. A., & Qureshi, M. E. (2010). Global water crisis and future food security in an era of climate change. Food Policy, 35(5), 365–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henare, M. (2001). Tapu, mana, mauri, hau, wairua: A Māori philosophy of vitalism and cosmos. In J. A. Grim (Ed.), Indigenous traditions and ecology: The interbeing of cosmology and community (pp. 197–221). Distributed by Harvard Press for the Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School
   Google Scholar
• Hutton, J. Adams, W. M., & Murombedzi, J. C. (2005). Back to the barriers? Changing narratives in biodiversity conservation. Forum for Development Studies, 32(2), 341–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2005.9666319
   Google Scholar
• Jury, W. A., & Vaux, H. J. (2007). The emerging global water crisis: Managing scarcity and conflict between water users. Advances in Agronomy (95), 1–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(07)95001-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawharu, M. (2000). Kaitiakitanga: A Maori anthropological perspective of the Maori socio-environmental ethic of resource management. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 109(4), 349–370. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20706951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersey, H. A. (2003). The Māori fisheries allocation model of 2003: Distributive justice or a violation of treaty rights? Maritime Studies, 2003(128), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07266472.2003.10878694
   Google Scholar
• Kestler-D’Amours, J. (2021, April 3). This river in Canada is now a ‘legal person.’ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/3/this-river-in-canada-now-legal-person#:~:text = Indigenous%20stewardship,tested%20in%20a%20Canadian%20court
   Google Scholar
• Kimmerer, R. W. (2013). Braiding sweetgrass: Indigenous wisdom, scientific knowledge and the teachings of plants (1st ed.). Milkweed Editions
   Google Scholar
• LaPier, R. (2017a). Why is water sacred to Native Americans? Open Rivers: Rethinking Water, Place & Community, 8, 122–126. https://doi.org/10.24926/2471190X.3283
   Google Scholar
• LaPier, R. (2017b). For Native Americans, a river is more than a ‘person,’ it is also a sacred place. https://theconversation.com
   Google Scholar
• Levendis, K., & Calude, A.(2019). Perception and flagging of loanwords – A diachronic case-study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English. Ampersand, 6, 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2019.100056
   Google Scholar
• Lyver, P. O. Ruru, J. Scott, N. Tylianakis, J. M. Arnold, J. Malinen, S. K. Bataille, C. Y. Herse, M. R. Jones, C. J. Gormley, A. M. Peltzer, D. A. Taura, Y. Timoti, P. Stone, C. Wilcox, M., & Moller, H. (2019). Building biocultural approaches into Aotearoa – New Zealand’s conservation future. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 49(3), 394–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2018.1539405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magallanes, C. J. I. (2015). Nature as an ancestor: Two examples of legal personality for nature in New Zealand. VertigO, (Hors-série 22). https://doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.16199
   Google Scholar
• Margil, M. (2017). Press release: Colombia constitutional court finds Atrato River possesses rights. https://celdf.org
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza, S. L., & Kinefuchi, E. (2016). Two stories, one vision: A plea for an ecological turn in intercultural communication. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 9(4), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2016.1225451
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulholland, M., & Tawhai, V. (2017). Weeping waters: The treaty of Waitangi and constitutional change (e-book). Huia Books
   Google Scholar
• Muru-Lanning, M. (2012). Māori research collaborations, Mātauranga Māori-science and the appropriation of water in New Zealand. Anthropological Forum, 22(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2012.694171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngũgĩ, w. T. (1986). Decolonising the mind: The politics of language in African literature. J. Currey; Heinemann
   Google Scholar
• O’Malley, V. (2016). The great War for New Zealand. Bridget Williams Books
   Google Scholar
• Orange, C. (1987/2011). The Treaty of Waitangi. Bridget Williams Books
   Google Scholar
• Phelan, S. (2009). The newspaper as political antagonist: Editorial discourse and the othering of Māori perspectives on the foreshore and seabed conflict. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 10(2), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884908100602
   Google Scholar
• Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of power and Eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, 15(2), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580900015002005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rameka, L., & Stagg Peterson, S. (2021). Sustaining indigenous languages and cultures: Māori medium education in Aotearoa New Zealand and Aboriginal head Start in Canada. Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 16(2), 307–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2021.1922466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapatahana, V. (2017). English language as thief. In M. Borijan (Ed.), Language and globalization: An autoethnographic approach (pp. 64–76). Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Rapatahana, V. (2019). Confronting the English language Hydra in Aotearoa New Zealand. In Finardi, K, (Ed). (pp. 227–267). English in the South. Eduel
   Google Scholar
• Rapatahana, V. and Bunce, P., (Eds). English language as Hydra: Its impacts on non-English language cultures. Multilingual Matters
   Google Scholar
• República del Ecuador, C. d. (2008). [Republic of Ecuador constitution of 2008]. Retrived November 18, 2017 from Political Database of the Americas htttp://pdba.georgetown.edu/constitutions/ecuador/english08.htm
   Google Scholar
• Rika-Heke, P. W. (1996). Margin or center? “Let me tell you! In the land of my ancestors I am the centre”: Indigenous writing in Aotearoa. In R. Mohanram, & G. Rajan (Eds.), English postcoloniality: Literatures from around the world (pp. 147–165). Greenwood
   Google Scholar
• Rosseau, B. (2016, July 13). In New Zealand, lands and rivers can be people (legally speaking). New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com
   Google Scholar
• Safi, M. (2017). Ganges and Yamuna rivers granted same legal rights as human beings. https://www.theguardian.com
   Google Scholar
• Scollo, M., & Milburn, T. (Eds.). (2019). Engaging and transforming global communication through cultural discourse analysis: A tribute to Donal Carbaugh. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C. W.-I.-t.-R. (2000). Straying beyond the boundaries of belief: Māori epistemologies inside the curriculum. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 32(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2000.tb00431.x
   Google Scholar
• Smith, G. H., & Rapatahana, V. (2012). English language as nemesis for Māori. In V. Rapatahana & P. Bunce (Eds.), English language as Hydra: Its impacts on non-English language cultures (pp. 76–103). Multilingual Matters
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. (2011). Aotearoa/New Zealand: An unsettled state in a sea of islands. Settler Colonial Studies, 1(1), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2011.10648803
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. (2017). I, river?: New materialism, riparian non-human agency and the scale of democratic reform. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 58(1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Te Aho, L. (2005). Contemporary issues in Māori law and society. Waikato Law Review, 13, 145–168. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.650414848733018
   Google Scholar
• Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claim Settlement) Act 2017, Public Act 2017 No 7, New Zealand (2017). Royal Assent Granted March 20, 2017. https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2017/0007/latest/whole.html
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, K., & Robles, J. S. (2013). Everyday talk: Building and reflecting identities. The Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• Waitangi Tribunal. (2011). Ko Aotearoa tenei: A report into claims concerning New Zealand law and policy affecting Maori culture and identity, Te Taumata Tuarua. WAI 262. Vol. 1. Legislation Direct. www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz
   Google Scholar
• Walker, R. (1984). The genesis of Māori activism. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 93(3), 267–281. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20705873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, R. (1990/2004). Ka Whawhai Tonu Mātou: Struggle without End. Penguin Books
   Google Scholar
• Warne, K. (2019, May 12). A river calls my name. E-Tangata. https://e-tangata.co.nz/reflections/a-river-calls-my-name/
   Google Scholar
• White, N., & Landley, A. (2005). Claims to treaty and other rights: Exploring the terms of Crown-Māori negotiation. Policy Quarterly, 1(2), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.26686/pq.v1i2.4180
   Google Scholar
• White, T. H. (2016). A difference of perspective? Māori members of parliament and te ao Māori in parliament. Political Science, 68(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032318716678446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, M. (2019). Waitangi, a living treaty. David Bateman
   Google Scholar