“Snitches get stitches”: a qualitative exploration of childhood bullying in first episode psychosis

References

• Adams, F. D., & Lawrence, G. J. (2011). Bullying victims: The effects last into college. American Secondary Education 40 , 4–13.
   Google Scholar
• Addington, J., Van Mastrigt, S., Hutchinson, J., & Addington, D. (2002). Pathways to care: Help-seeking behaviour in first episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(5), 358–364. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02004.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010). Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems:‘Much ado about nothing’? Psychological Medicine, 40(5), 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709991383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bebbington, P. E., Bhugra, D., Brugha, T., Singleton, N., Farrell, M., Jenkins, R., & Meltzer, H. (2004). Psychosis, victimisation and childhood disadvantage: Evidence from the second British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(3), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.3.220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-David, S., & Kealy, D. (2020). Identity in the context of early psychosis: A review of recent research. Psychosis, 12(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2019.1656283
   Google Scholar
• Birchwood, M. A. X., Gilbert, P., Gilbert, J., Trower, P., Meaden, A., Hay, J., Murray, E., & Miles, J. N. (2004). Interpersonal and role-related schema influence the relationship with the dominant ‘voice’in schizophrenia: A comparison of three models. Psychological Medicine, 34(8), 1571–1580. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catone, G., Pisano, S., Broome, M., Lindau, J. F., Pascotto, A., & Gritti, A. (2016). Continuity between stressful experiences and delusion content in adolescents with psychotic disorders–a pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 4(1), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2016-004
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, T., Hoy, K., & Shannon, C. (2016). Does childhood bullying lead to the development of psychotic symptoms? A meta-analysis and review of prospective studies. Psychosis, 8(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2015.1053969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department For Education. (2020). Omnibus survey of pupils and their parents or carers: wave 6. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/925025/Omnibus_survey_of_pupils_and_their_parents_or_carers_summer_2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hamburger, M. E., Basile, K. C., & Vivolo, A. M. (2011). Measuring bullying victimization, perpetration, and bystander experiences: A compendium of assessment tools.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy, A. (2017). Pathways from trauma to psychotic experiences: A theoretically informed model of posttraumatic stress in psychosis. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone, L., & Boyle, M. (2018). The power threat meaning framework. British Psychological Society. https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/bps.org.uk/files/Policy
   Google Scholar
• Luukkonen, A. H., Räsänen, P., Hakko, H., Riala, K., & Study, T. (2010). Bullying behavior in relation to psychiatric disorders and physical health among adolescents: A clinical cohort of 508 underage inpatient adolescents in Northern Finland. Psychiatry Research, 178(1), 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. P., & Petersen, T. (2003). Trauma and metacognition as predictors of predisposition to hallucinations. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31 (3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465803003011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. P. (2017). A manualised treatment protocol to guide delivery of evidence-based cognitive therapy for people with distressing psychosis: Learning from clinical trials. Psychosis, 9(3), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2017.1295098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Service (NHS). (2008). Implementing national policy on violence and abuse. Mental Health Network Briefing, 162(1), 1-70. London: Ministry of Health. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216977/Violence-prevention.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what can we do. Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Read, J., & Dillon, J. (Eds.). (2013). Models of madness: Psychological, social and biological approaches to psychosis. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, R., & Anderson, K. (2017). The traumatic experience of first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 189, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäfer, M., Korn, S., Smith, P. K., Hunter, S. C., Mora‐Merchán, J. A., Singer, M. M., & Van der Meulen, K. (2004). Lonely in the crowd: Recollections of bullying. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22(3), 379–394. https://doi.org/10.1348/0261510041552756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B., Fowler, D. G., Freeman, D., Bebbington, P., Bashforth, H., Garety, P., Dunn, G., & Kuipers, E. (2006). Emotion and psychosis: Links between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, 86(1–3), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sourander, A., Jensen, P., Rönning, J. A., Niemelä, S., Helenius, H., Sillanmäki, L., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Tamminen, T., Moilanen, I., & Almqvist, F. (2007). What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The finnish “From a Boy to a Man” study. Pediatrics, 120(2), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sourander, A., Ronning, J., Brunstein-Klomek, A., Gyllenberg, D., Kumpulainen, K., Niemelä, S., Moilanen, I., Sillanmäki, L., Ristkari, T., Tamminen, T., Moilanen, I., Piha, J., & Almqvist, F. (2009). Childhood bullying behavior and later psychiatric hospital and psychopharmacologic treatment: Findings from the Finnish 1981 birth cohort study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(9), 1005–1012. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney, A., Clement, S., Filson, B., & Kennedy, A. (2016). Trauma-informed mental healthcare in the UK: What is it and how can we further its development? Mental Health Review Journal, 21(3), 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-01-2015-0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takizawa, R., Maughan, B., & Arseneault, L. (2014). Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: Evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(7), 777–784. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dam, D. S., Van Der Ven, E., Velthorst, E., Selten, J. P., Morgan, C., & De Haan, L. (2012). Childhood bullying and the association with psychosis in non-clinical and clinical samples: A review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 42(12), 2463–2474. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varese, F., Smeets, F., Drukker, M., Lieverse, R., Lataster, T., Viechtbauer, W, Read, J., Van Os, J., Bentall, R.P, et al. (2012). Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta‐analysis of patient‐control, prospective‐ and cross‐sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38 (4), 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdoux, H., & Van Os, J. (2002). Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 54(1–2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00352-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolke, D., Lee, K., & Guy, A. (2017). Cyberbullying: A storm in a teacup? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(8), 899–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0954-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar