The role of dietary monoglycerides and tributyrin in enhancing performance and intestinal health function in nursery piglets

References

• Association of Official Analytical Chemists [AOAC]. 2019. Official methods of analysis. Rockville (MD): Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Adewole DI, Kim IH, Nyachoti CM. 2016. Gut health of pigs: challenge models and response criteria with a critical analysis of the effectiveness of selected feed additives – a review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 29(7):909–924. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam SN, Yammine H, Moaven O, Ahmed R, Moss AK, Biswas B, Muhammad N, Biswas R, Raychowdhury A, Kaliannan K, et al. 2014. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents antibiotic-induced susceptibility to enteric pathogens. Ann Surg. 259(4):715–722. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828fae14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anacarso I, Quartieri A, De Leo R, Pulvirenti A. 2018. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a blend of monoglycerides against Escherichia coli and Enterococci with multiple drug resistance. Arch Microbiol. 200(1):85–89. doi: 10.1007/s00203-017-1419-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araujo G, Terré M, Mereu A, Ipharraguerre I, Bach A. 2016. Effects of supplementing a milk replacer with sodium butyrate or tributyrin on performance and metabolism of Holstein calves. Anim Prod Sci. 56(11):1834–1841. doi: 10.1071/AN14930.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer DC, Hunter DJ, Abramson SB, Attur M, Corr M, Felson D, Heinegard D, Jordan JM, Kepler TB, Lane NE, et al. 2006. Classification of osteoarthritis biomarkers: a proposed approach. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 14(8):723–727. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.04.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedford A, Gong J. 2018. Implications of butyrate and its derivatives for gut health and animal production. Anim Nutr. 4(2):151–159. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berto PN, Tse MLP, Ramos DRA, Saleh MAD, Miassi GM, Yamatogi RS, Berto DA, Trindade Neto MA. 2020. Dietary supplementation with hydrolysed yeast and its effect on the performance, intestinal microbiota, and immune response of weaned piglets. An Acad Bras Ciênc. 92(Suppl 1):e20180969. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braz DB, Costa LB, Berenchtein B, Tse MLP, Almeida VV, Miyada VS. 2011. Acidifiers as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoter of weanling pigs. Arch Zootec. 60(231):745–756. doi: 10.4321/S0004-05922011000300062.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell JM, Crenshaw JD, Polo J. 2013. The biological stress of early weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechn. 4(1):1–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper CA, Moraes LE, Murray JD, Owens SD. 2014. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for specific pathogen free 6-week-old Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 5(1):1–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa LB, Berenchtein B, ALmeida VV, Tse MLP, Braz DB, Andrade C, Mourão GB, Miyada VS. 2011. Phytobiotic additives and sodium butyrate as alternatives to antibiotics for weanling pigs. Arch Zootec. 60(231):687–698. Portuguese. doi: 10.4321/S0004-05922011000300056.
   Google Scholar
• Desbois AP, Smith VJ. 2010. Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 85(6):1629–1642. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2355-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang CL, Sun H, Wu J, Niu HH, Feng J. 2014. Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance, haematological and immunological characteristics of weanling piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 98(4):680–685. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fomentini M, Haese D, Kill JL, Sobreiro RP, Puppo DD, Haddade IR, Lima AL, Saraiva A. 2016. Prebiotic and antimicrobials on performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody production in broilers. Cienc Rural. 46(6):1070–1075. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20150133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genova JL, Melo ADB, Rupolo PE, Carvalho ST, Costa LB, Carvalho PLO. 2020. A summary of feed additives, intestinal health and intestinal alkaline phosphatase in piglet nutrition. Czech J Anim Sci. 65(8):281–294. doi: 10.17221/70/2020-CJAS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genova JL, Melo ADB, Rupolo PE, Macedo REFD, Engracia Filho JR, Carvalho ST, Faucitano L, Costa LB, Carvalho PLO. 2022. New findings of intestinal alkaline phosphatase: effects on intestinal and organ health of piglets challenged with ETEC F4 (K88). R Bras Zootec. 51:e20210144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genova JL, Rupolo PE, Melo ADB, Santos LBDA, Wendt GN, Barbosa KA, Carvalho ST, Oliveira NTE, Costa LB, Carvalho PLO. 2021. Biological response of piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4 (K88) when fed diets containing intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Czech J Anim Sci. 66(10):391–402. doi: 10.17221/82/2021-CJAS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grecco HAT, Amorim AB, Saleh MAD, Tse Marcos LP, Telles FG, Miassi GM, Pimenta GM, Berto DA. 2018. Evaluation of growth performance and gastro-intestinal parameters on the response of weaned piglets to dietary organic acids. An Acad Bras Cienc. 90(1):401–414. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201820160057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo M, Hayes J, Cho KO, Parwani AV, Lucas LM, Saif LJ. 2001. Comparative pathogenesis of tissue culture-adapted and wild-type Cowden porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC) in gnotobiotic pigs and induction of diarrhea by intravenous inoculation of wild-type PEC. J Virol. 75(19):9239–9251. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9239-9251.2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib MA, Haque MA, Islam MS, Liton MR. 2020. Effect of dietary halquinol supplementation on the productive performances, carcass traits and blood profile of Sonali chicken. Asian J Med Biol Res. 5(4):316–323. doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v5i4.45270.
   Google Scholar
• Huang C, Song P, Fan P, Hou C, Thacker P, Ma X. 2015. Dietary sodium butyrate decreases postweaning diarrhea by modulating intestinal permeability and changing the bacterial communities in weaned piglets. J Nutr. 145(12):2774–2780. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.217406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO. 2006. ISO 4832; microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs–horizontal method for the enumeration of coliforms—colony-count technique. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. [accessed 2022 Jan 01]. https://www.iso.org/standard/38282.html.
   Google Scholar
• Jackman JA, Boyd RD, Elrod CC. 2020. Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production: towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 23(1):11–44.
   Google Scholar
• Kraieski AL, Hayashi RM, Sanches A, Almeida GC, Santin E. 2017. Effect of aflatoxin experimental ingestion and Eimeira vaccine challenges on intestinal histopathology and immune cellular dynamic of broilers: applying an intestinal health index. Poult Sci. 96(5):1078–1087. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Espinosa CD, Abelilla JJ, Casas GA, Lagos LV, Lee SA, Kwon WB, Mathai JK, Navarro DMDL, JaworskI NW, et al. 2018. Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: a review. Anim Nutr. 4(2):113–125. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luise D, Bertocchi M, Motta V, Salvarani C, Bosi P, Luppi A, Trevisi P. 2019. Bacillus sp. probiotic supplementation diminish the Escherichia coli F4ac infection in susceptible weaned pigs by influencing the intestinal immune response, intestinal microbiota and blood metabolomics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 10(1):1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzanilla EG, Nofrarías M, Anguita M, Castillo M, Perez JF, Martín-Orúe SM, Kamel C, Gasa J. 2006. Effects of butyrate, avilamycin, and a plant extract combination on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs. J Anim Sci. 84(10):2743–2751. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modina SC, Polito U, Rossi R, Corino C, Di Giancamillo A. 2019. Nutritional regulation of gut barrier integrity in weaning piglets. Animals. 9(12):1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagne L, Pluske JR, Hampson DJ. 2003. A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 108(1–4):95–117. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00163-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen DH, Seok WJ, Kim IH. 2020. Organic acids mixture as a dietary additive for pigs: a review. Animals. 10(6):952. doi: 10.3390/ani10060952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowak P, Kasprowicz-Potocka M, Zaworska A, Nowak W, Stefańska B, Sip A, Grajek W, Grajek K, Frankiewicz A. 2019. The effect of combined feed additives on growing pigs’ performance and digestive tract parameters. Ann Anim Sci. 19(3):807–819. doi: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Calvo E, Wicaksono AN, Canet E, Daulton E, Ens W, Hoeller U, Verlhac V, Celi P, Covington JA. 2019. The measurement of volatile organic compounds in faeces of piglets as a tool to assess gastrointestinal functionality. Biosyst Eng. 184:122–129. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.06.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perri AM, O’sullivan TL, Harding JC, Wood RD, Friendship RM. 2017. Hematology and biochemistry reference intervals for Ontario commercial nursing pigs close to the time of weaning. Canad Vet J. 58(4):371–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plöger S, Stumpff F, Penner GB, Schulzke J-D, Gäbel G, Martens H, Shen Z, Günzel D, Aschenbach JR. 2012. Microbial butyrate and its role for barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1258(1):52–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06553.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pluske JR. 2016. Invited review: Aspects of gastrointestinal tract growth and maturation in the pre- and post-weaning period of pigs. J Anim Sci. 94(Suppl 3):399–411. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9767.
   Google Scholar
• Pluske JR, Turpin DL, Kim JC. 2018. Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig. Anim Nutr. 4(2):187–196. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Hannas MI, Donzele JL, Sakomura NK, Perazzo FG, Saraiva A, Teixeira ML, Rodrigues PB, Oliveira RFD. 2017. Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. Viçosa (MG): Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
   Google Scholar
• Saettone V, Biasato I, Radice E, Schiavone A, Bergero D, Meineri G. 2020. State-of-the-art of the nutritional alternatives to the use of antibiotics in humans and monogastric animals. Animals. 10(12):2199. doi: 10.3390/ani10122199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakdee J, Poeikhamph T, Rakangthon C, Poungpong K, Bunchasak C. 2016. Effect of tributyrin supplementation in diet on production performance and gastrointestinal tract of healthy nursery pigs. Pak J Nutr. 15(11):954–962. doi: 10.3923/pjn.2016.954.962.
   Google Scholar
• Satessa GD, Kjeldsen NJ, Mansouryar M, Hansen HH, Bache JK, Nielsen MO. 2020. Effects of alternative feed additives to medicinal zinc oxide on productivity, diarrhoea incidence and gut development in weaned piglets. Animals. 14(8):1638–1646. doi: 10.1017/S1751731120000154.
   Google Scholar
• Sotira S, Dell’Anno M, Caprarulo V, Hejna M, Pirrone F, CallegarI ML, Tucci TV, Rossi L. 2020. Effects of tributyrin supplementation on growth performance, insulin, blood metabolites and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. Animals. 10(4):726. doi: 10.3390/ani10040726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tugnoli B, Giovagnoni G, Piva A, Grilli E. 2020. From acidifiers to intestinal health enhancers: how organic acids can improve growth efficiency of pigs. Animals. 10(1):134. doi: 10.3390/ani10010134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Shan T, Xu Z, Liu J, Feng J. 2006. Effect of lactoferrin on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of PR-39 and protegrin1 genes in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci. 84(10):2636–2641. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CC, Wu H, Lin FH, Gong R, Xie F, Peng Y, Feng J, Hu CH. 2018. Sodium butyrate enhances intestinal integrity, inhibits mast cell activation, inflammatory mediator production and JNK signaling pathway in weaned pigs. Innate Immun. 24(1):40–46. doi: 10.1177/1753425917741970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang B, Cao X, Fu A, Li Y, Li W. 2017. Effects of probiotic Bacillus as a substitute for antibiotics on antioxidant capacity and intestinal autophagy of piglets. AMB Expr. 7(1):1–11. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0353-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu J, Chen X, Yu S, Su Y, Zhu W. 2016. Effects of early intervention with sodium butyrate on gut microbiota and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in neonatal piglets. PLOS One. 11(9):e0162461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Lahaye L, He Z, Zhang J, Yang C, Piao X. 2020. Micro-encapsulated essential oils and organic acids combination improves intestinal barrier function, inflammatory responses and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (K88+). Anim Nutr. 6(3):269–277. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.04.004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang L, Bian G, Su Y, Zhu W. 2014. Comparison of faecal microbial community of lantang, bama, erhualian, meishan, xiaomeishan, duroc, landrace, and yorkshiresows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 276(6):898–906.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang WX, Zhang Y, Zhang XW, Deng ZX, Liu JX, He ML, Wang HF. 2020. Effects of dietary supplementation with combination of tributyrin and essential oil on gut health and microbiota of weaned piglets. Animals. 10(2):180. doi: 10.3390/ani10020180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotowski P, Driemeier D, Barcellos DESN. 2008. Patogenia das diarréias dos suínos: modelos e exemplos. Acta Sci Vet. 36(1):S81–S86.
   Google Scholar