Assessment of Lavandula angustifolia L. essential oil as a natural feed additive on broiler chicken’s growth, blood physiological markers, immunological status, intestinal histomorphology, and immunoexpression of CD3 and CD20

References

• Abdelhadi SH, Abd El-Wahab WM. 2022. Influence of emulsified and nano-emulsified essential oils blend on performance and meat characteristics of weaned mountain rabbits. JAnimPoul Production. 13(3):43–50. doi: 10.21608/jappmu.2022.132115.1035.
   Google Scholar
• Abo Ghanima MM, Elsadek MF, Taha AE, Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, Ahmed BM, Elshafie MM, El-Sabrout K. 2020. Effect of housing system and Rosemary and Cinnamon essential oils on layers performance, egg quality, haematological traits, blood chemistry, immunity, and antioxidant. Animals. 10(2):245. doi: 10.3390/ani10020245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboutaleb N, Jamali H, Abolhasani M, Toroudi HP. 2019. Lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 110:9–19. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M, Szczerbińska D, Zych S. 2021. The use of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil as an additive to drinking water for broiler chickens and its in vitro reaction with enrofloxacin. Animals. 11(6):1535. doi: 10.3390/ani11061535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi SA, Boroumand MA, Gohari-Moghaddam K, Tajik P, Dibaj SM. 2008. The impact of low serum triglyceride on LDL-cholesterol estimation. Arch Iran Med. 11(3):318–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Gara awi NI, Abu-Serag NA, Alee Shaheed KA, Bahadly ZKA. 2019. Analysis of bioactive phytochemical compound of (Cyperus alternifolius L.) by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In: IOP conference series: Materials science and engineering. Vol. 571. San Fransisco (CA): IOP Publishing; p. 012047. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/571/1/012047.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Hindawi Sahar H. 2018. The influence of thyroid hormones on leptin and resistin levels in hyperthyroid female patients. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 7(1):40–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem. 20(4):470–475. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/20.4.470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amer SA, Abdel-Wareth AA, Gouda A, Saleh GK, Nassar AH, Sherief WR, Albogami S, Shalaby SI, Abdelazim AM, Abomughaid MM. 2022. Impact of Dietary Lavender essential oil on the growth and fatty acid profile of breast muscles, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory responses in broiler chickens. Antioxidants. 11(9):1798. doi: 10.3390/antiox11091798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt MK, Sand JM, Marcone TM, Cook ME. 2016. Interleukin-10 neutralizing antibody for detection of intestinal luminal levels and as a dietary additive in Eimeria challenged broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 95(2):430–438. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association AVM. 2013. AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2013 edition. Schaumburg, IL:American Veterinary Medical Association.
   Google Scholar
• Aviagen R. 2014. Ross Broiler Management Manual, 2009. Richmond, VA, USA: ROSS:
   Google Scholar
• Azimi-Youvalari S, Farhoomand P, Baghban-Kanani P, Payvastegan S, Seidavi A, Oliveira C. 2022. Copper sulfate and arginine supplements on performance, thyroid hormones and blood biochemistry of broilers fed with canola meal-based diets. Cienc Rural. 52(10):e20201069. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20201069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badawy MEI, Marei GIK, Rabea EI, Taktak NEM. 2019. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes against some foodborne pathogens through in vitro and in silico studies. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 158:185–200. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beccavin C, Chevalier B, Cogburn LA, Simon J, Duclos MJ. 2001. Insulin-like growth factors and body growth in chickens divergently selected for high or low growth rate. J Endocrinol. 168(2):297–306. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1680297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beier RC, Byrd JA, 2nd, Kubena LF, Hume ME, McReynolds JL, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. 2014. Evaluation of linalool, a natural antimicrobial and insecticidal essential oil from basil: effects on poultry. Poult Sci. 93(2):267–272. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouzenna H, Hfaiedh N, Giroux-Metges MA, Elfeki A, Talarmin H. 2017. Potential protective effects of alpha-pinene against cytotoxicity caused by aspirin in the IEC-6 cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 93:961–968. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody S. 1945. Bioenergetics and growth; with special reference to the efficiency complex in domestic animals.
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty SB, Hancz C. 2011. Application of phytochemicals as immunostimulant, antipathogenic and antistress agents in finfish culture. Rev Aquacult. 3(3):103–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2011.01048.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho SY, Jun HJ, Lee JH, Jia Y, Kim KH, Lee SJ. 2011. Linalool reduces the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase via sterol regulatory element binding protein-2- and ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms. FEBS Lett. 585(20):3289–3296. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi J, Wang L, Liu S, Lu P, Zhao X, Liu H, Lahaye L, Santin E, Liu S, Nyachoti M, et al. 2020. Effects of a microencapsulated formula of organic acids and essential oils on nutrient absorption, immunity, gut barrier function, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli F4. J Anim Sci. 98(9):skaa259. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costas B, Conceição LE, Dias J, Novoa B, Figueras A, Afonso A. 2011. Dietary arginine and repeated handling increase disease resistance and modulate innate immune mechanisms of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 31(6):838–847. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.07.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danh LT, Han LN, Triet NDA, Zhao J, Mammucari R, Foster N. 2013. Comparison of chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) essential oils extracted by supercritical co2, hexane and Hydrodistillation. Food Bioprocess Technol. 6(12):3481–3489. doi: 10.1007/s11947-012-1026-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Blasio A, D'Anneo A, Lauricella M, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, Pratelli G, Calvaruso G, Carlisi D. 2021. The beneficial effects of essential oils in anti-obesity treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 22(21):11832. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Rocío Quezada-Rodríguez P, Fajer-Ávila EJ. 2017. The dietary effect of ulvan from Ulva clathrata on hematological-immunological parameters and growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Appl Phycol. 29(1):423–431. doi: 10.1007/s10811-016-0903-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. 2014. Complement C3 and its polymorphism: biological and clinical consequences. Pathology. 46(1):1–10. doi: 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Y, Cao A, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun Y, Geng S, Li Y, Zhang L. 2022. Effects of dietary 1, 8-Cineole supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestine health of broilers. Animals. 12(18):2415. doi: 10.3390/ani12182415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doumas BT, Bayse DD, Carter RJ, Peters T, Jr., Schaffer R. 1981. A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. I. Development and validation. Clin Chem. 27(10):1642–1650. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/27.10.1642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doumas BT, Biggs HG, Arends RL, Pinto PV. 1972. Determination of serum albumin. Standard methods of clinical chemistry. Vol. 7. Amsterdam (NL): Elsevier; p. 175–188.
   Google Scholar
• Du E, Wang W, Gan L, Li Z, Guo S, Guo Y. 2016. Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 7(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40104-016-0079-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eissa FA, Choudhry H, Abdulaal WH, Baothman OA, Zeyadi M, Moselhy SS, Zamzami MA. 2017. Possible hypocholesterolemic effect of ginger and rosemary oils in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 14(4):188–200. doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• mFAO. 2021. Meat market review: emerging trends and outlook. Italy Rome: FAO:.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman JM. 2019. Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance. Nat Metab. 1(8):754–764. doi: 10.1038/s42255-019-0095-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao J, Liu W, Geng B, Lei Q, Han H, Zhou Y, Liu J, Cao D, Li H, Li F. 2020. Effect of plant essential oil on growth performance and immune function during rearing period in laying hens. Braz J Poult Sci. 22(3):1244. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y-Y, Zhang X-L, Xu L-H, Peng H, Wang C-K, Bi Y-Z. 2019. Encapsulated blends of essential oils and organic acids improved performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microflora, and jejunal enzyme activity of broilers. Czech J Anim Sci. 64(5):189–198. doi: 10.17221/172/2018-CJAS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin HD, Whitehead CC. 1982. Plasma lipoprotein concentration as an indicator of fatness in broilers: development and use of a simple assay for plasma very low density lipoproteins. Br Poult Sci. 23(4):307–313. doi: 10.1080/00071688208447962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashem MA, Abd-Allah NA, Mahmoud EA, Amer SA, Alkafafy M. 2021. A preliminary study on the effect of psyllium husk ethanolic extract on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress induced by triton X-100 injection in rats. Biology . 10(4):335. doi: 10.3390/biology10040335.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Held S, Schieberle P, Somoza V. 2007. Characterization of α-Terpineol as an anti-inflammatory component of orange juice by in vitro studies using oral buccal cells. J Agric Food Chem. 55(20):8040–8046. doi: 10.1021/jf071691m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoseini SM, Tarkhani R. 2013. Effect of short‐term treatment with potassium permanganate on stress markers and blood biochemistry in goldfish Carassius auratus. Aquac Res. 44(6):869–875. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03091.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton PJ, Zarka R, de las Heras B, Hoult J. 1995. Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation. Planta Med. 61(1):33–36. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-957994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsouna AB, Sadaka C, Beyrouthy ME, Hfaiedh M, Dhifi W, Brini F, Saad RB, Mnif W. 2023. Immunomodulatory effect of Linalool (Lin) against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 70(1):469–477. doi: 10.1002/bab.2371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H. 1981. Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem. 29(4):577–580. doi: 10.1177/29.4.6166661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huo M, Cui X, Xue J, Chi G, Gao R, Deng X, Guan S, Wei J, Soromou LW, Feng H, et al. 2013. Anti-inflammatory effects of linalool in RAW 264.7 macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury model. J Surg Res. 180(1):e47-54–e54. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal H, Rahman A, Khanum S, Arshad M, Badar I, Asif A, Hayat Z, Iqbal M. 2021. Effect of essential oil and organic acid on performance, gut health, bacterial count and serological parameters in broiler. Braz J Poult Sci. 23(3):1443. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1443.
   Google Scholar
• Izquierdo AG, Crujeiras AB, Casanueva FF, Carreira MC. 2019. Leptin, obesity, and leptin resistance: where are we 25 years later? Nutrients. 11(11):2704. doi: 10.3390/nu11112704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabir MS, Taha AA, Sahib UI. 2018. Antioxidant activity of Linalool. ETJ. 36(1B):64–67. doi: 10.30684/etj.36.1B.11.
   Google Scholar
• Kajjari S, Joshi RS, Hugar SM, Gokhale N, Meharwade P, Uppin C. 2022. The effects of lavender essential oil and its clinical implications in dentistry: a review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 15(3):385–388. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2378.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khattak F, Ronchi A, Castelli P, Sparks N. 2014. Effects of natural blend of essential oil on growth performance, blood biochemistry, cecal morphology, and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 93(1):132–137. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D-S, Lee H-J, Jeon Y-D, Han Y-H, Kee J-Y, Kim H-J, Shin H-J, Kang J, Lee BS, Kim S-H, et al. 2015. Alpha-pinene exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Am J Chin Med. 43(4):731–742. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X15500457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishawy AT, Al-Khalaifah HS, Nada HS, Roushdy EM, Zaglool AW, Ahmed Ismail T, Ibrahim SM, Ibrahim D. 2022. Black pepper or radish seed oils in a new combination of essential oils modulated broiler chickens’ performance and expression of digestive enzymes, lipogenesis, immunity, and autophagy-related genes. Vet Sci. 9(2):43. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9020043.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kot B, Wierzchowska K, Grużewska A, Lohinau D. 2018. The effects of selected phytochemicals on biofilm formed by five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res. 32(11):1299–1302. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1340282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishan G, Narang A. 2014. Use of essential oils in poultry nutrition: a new approach. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 1(4):156–162. doi: 10.5455/javar.2014.a36.
   Google Scholar
• Kühn ER, Vleurick L, Edery M, Decuypere E, Darras VM. 2002. Internalization of the chicken growth hormone receptor complex and its effect on biological functions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 132(1):299–308. doi: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00037-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuriyama H, Watanabe S, Nakaya T, Shigemori I, Kita M, Yoshida N, Masaki D, Tadai T, Ozasa K, Fukui K, et al. 2005. Immunological and psychological benefits of aromatherapy massage. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2(2):179–184. doi: 10.1093/ecam/neh087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lie Ø, Syed M, Solbu H. 1986. Improved agar plate assays of bovine lysozyme and haemolytic complement activity. Acta Vet Scand. 27(1):23–32. doi: 10.1186/BF03548556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J. 1973. Animal Nutrition Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh (UK).
   Google Scholar
• McGowan MW, Artiss JD, Strandbergh DR, Zak B. 1983. A peroxidase-coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem. 29(3):538–542. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/29.3.538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina-Gomez G, Calvo R-M, Obregón M-J. 2004. T3 and Triac inhibit leptin secretion and expression in brown and white rat adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1682(1–3):38–47. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.01.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtari S, Rahati M, Seidavi A, Haq Q, Kadim I, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. 2018. Effects of feed supplementation with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essence on growth performance, carcass traits, blood constituents and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. European Poultry Science. 82(249):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Mustafa AA, Tayeb IT. 2022. The influence of dietary salvia and lavender powders on productive performance, some physiological parameters, and immunity of broiler under stocking density stress. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 53(6):1280–1288. doi: 10.36103/ijas.v53i6.1642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazifi S, Saeb M, Sepehrimanesh M, Poorgonabadi S. 2012. The effects of wild pistachio oil on serum leptin, thyroid hormones, and lipid profile in female rats with experimental hypothyroidism. Comp Clin Pathol. 21(5):851–857. doi: 10.1007/s00580-011-1188-5.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen TLA, Kunhareang S, Duangjinda M. 2015. Association of chicken growth hormones and insulin-like growth factor gene polymorphisms with growth performance and carcass traits in Thai broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 28(12):1686–1695. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obaid Ul H, Yaqoob A, Iqbal S, Ishtiaq H, Hussain S, Ahmad W, Rizwan M, Altaf M, Zahid H, Ali A, et al. 2022. Cinnamon bioactives and their impact on poultry nutrition and meat quality - impact on human health. Act Scie Nutr. 6:29–38. doi: 10.31080/ASNH.2022.06.0990.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira C, Santos JS. 2021. Active compounds of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus): a review. RSD. 10(12):e263101220281. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20281.
   Google Scholar
• Ouedrhiri W, Mounyr B, Harki EH, Moja S, Greche H. 2017. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of two binary combinations of marjoram, lavender, and wild thyme essential oils. Int J Food Prop. 20(12):3149–3158. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1280504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandur E, Balatinácz A, Micalizzi G, Mondello L, Horváth A, Sipos K, Horváth G. 2021. Anti-inflammatory effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil prepared during different plant phenophases on THP-1 macrophages. BMC Complement Med Ther. 21(1):287. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03461-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Popović S, Puvača N, Kostadinović L, Džinić N, Bošnjak J, Vasiljević M, Djuragic O. 2016. Effects of dietary essential oils on productive performance, blood lipid profile, enzyme activity and immunological response of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 80:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Mokhtari S, Shahrani M. 2014. Effect of dietary ethanolic extract of Lavandula officinalis on serum lipids profile in rats. IJPR. 13(4):1295–1301.
   Google Scholar
• Rizzardi AE, Johnson AT, Vogel RI, Pambuccian SE, Henriksen J, Skubitz AP, Metzger GJ, Schmechel SC. 2012. Quantitative comparison of immunohistochemical staining measured by digital image analysis versus pathologist visual scoring. Diagn Pathol. 7(1):42. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rothwell L, Young JR, Zoorob R, Whittaker CA, Hesketh P, Archer Andrew, Smith AL, Kaiser P. 2004. Cloning and characterization of chicken IL-10 and its role in the immune response to Eimeria maxima. J Immunol. 173(4):2675–2682. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan G. 2010. CD3 conformation is crucial for signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 10(1):7–7. doi: 10.1038/nri2703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salajegheh A, Salarmoini M, Afsharmanesh M, Salajegheh MH. 2018. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) powder. JLivest Sci Technol. 6(1):31–38.
   Google Scholar
• Sandner G, Heckmann M, Weghuber J. 2020. Immunomodulatory activities of selected essential oils. Biomolecules 10(8):1139.
   Google Scholar
• Santos ES, de Sousa Machado ST, Rodrigues FB, da Silva YA, Matias LCX, Lopes MJP, Gomes ADia S, Ribeiro TF, de Oliveira Garcia FA, Coutinho HDgl M, et al. 2023. Potential anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of alpha-pinene in diabetic rats. Process Biochem. 126:80–86. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer R, Junior SB, de Albuquerque R, Godoy HT. 2014. Microencapsulated eucalyptol and eugenol as growth promoters in broilers. REBRAPA. 5(1):26–32. doi: 10.14685/rebrapa.v5i1.157.
   Google Scholar
• Selmi S, Jallouli M, Gharbi N, Marzouki L. 2015. Hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) essential oils against malathion-induced oxidative stress in young male mice. J Med Food. 18(10):1103–1111. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seol GH, Kim KY. 2016. Eucalyptol and its role in chronic diseases. In: Gupta S, Prasad S, Aggarwal B, editors. Drug discovery from mother nature. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Vol. 929. Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_18.
   Google Scholar
• Shen J, Niijima A, Tanida M, Horii Y, Maeda K, Nagai K. 2005. Olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neurosci Lett. 380(3):289–294. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sienkiewicz M, Denys P, Kowalczyk E. 2011. Antibacterial and immunostimulatory effect of essential oils. Int Rev Allergol Clin Immunol. 17(1–2):40–44.
   Google Scholar
• Suvarna S, Layton C, Bancroft JD. 2013. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Pbl London: Churchill Livingstone, Elsiver; Amsterdam (NL): Health Sciences; p. 173–187.
   Google Scholar
• Suyono H, Jong F, Wijaya S. 2020. Lavender, cedarwood, vetiver balm work as anti-stress treatment by reducing plasma cortisol level. Rec Nat Prod. 8:10–12.
   Google Scholar
• Tedder TF, Engel P. 1994. CD20: a regulator of cell-cycle progression of B lymphocytes. Immunol Today. 15(9):450–454. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90276-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toghyani M, Toghyani M, Shivazad M, Gheisari A, Bahadoran R. 2012. Chromium supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chicks without any adverse impacts on blood constituents. Biol Trace Elem Res. 146(2):171–180. doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9234-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tohid T, Hasan G, Alireza T. 2010. Efficacy of mannanoligosaccharides and humate on immune response to Avian Influenza (H9) disease vaccination in broiler chickens. Vet Res Commun. 34(8):709–717. doi: 10.1007/s11259-010-9444-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torki M, Mohebbifar A, Mohammadi H. 2021. Effects of supplementing hen diet with Lavandula angustifolia and/or Mentha spicata essential oils on production performance, egg quality and blood variables of laying hens. Vet Med Sci. 7(1):184–193. doi: 10.1002/vms3.343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torki M, Sedgh-Gooya S, Mohammadi H. 2018. Effects of adding essential oils of rosemary, dill and chicory extract to diets on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters of laying hens subjected to heat stress. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 46(1):1118–1126. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1473254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinder P. 1969. Determination of blood glucose using an oxidase-peroxidase system with a non-carcinogenic chromogen. J Clin Pathol. 22(2):158–161. doi: 10.1136/jcp.22.2.158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassault A, Grafmeyer D, Naudin C, Dumont G, Bailly M, Henny J, Gerhardt M, Georges P. 1986. Protocole de validation de techniques. Ann Biol Clin. 44(686):45.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto T, Inui T, Tsuji T. 2013. The odor of Osmanthus fragrans attenuates food intake. Sci Rep. 3(1):1518. doi: 10.1038/srep01518.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang C, Chowdhury MA, Huo Y, Gong J. 2015. Phytogenic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics: potentials and challenges in application. Pathogens. 4(1):137–156. doi: 10.3390/pathogens4010137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmohammadi Barbarestani S, Jazi V, Mohebodini H, Ashayerizadeh A, Shabani A, Toghyani M. 2020. Effects of dietary lavender essential oil on growth performance, intestinal function, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. Livestock Sci. 233:103958. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103958.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen PM. 2001. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev. 81(3):1097–1142. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefi M, Shabunin S, Vatnikov YA, Kulikov EV, Adineh H, Khademi Hamidi M, Hoseini SM. 2020. Effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) extract inclusion in diet on growth performance, innate immunity, immune-related gene expression, and stress response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture. 515:734588. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Zhang S, Nie K, Zheng H, Luo Z, Kim IH. 2022. Lysolecithin Improves Broiler Growth Performance through Upregulating Growth-Related Genes and Nutrient Transporter Genes Expression Independent of. Experimental Diet Nutrition Level. 12(23):3365A.
   Google Scholar
• Złotek U, Szychowski KA, Świeca M. 2017. Potential in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effect of arachidonic acid-elicited basil leaves. J Funct Foods. 36:290–299. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar