References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and tobacco use: youth and tobacco use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm. Updated May 4, 2023. Accessed August 8, 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current cigarette smoking among adults in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm#:~:text=Current%20cigarette%20smoking%20was%20lowest%20among%20people%20aged,of%20every%20100%20adults%20aged%2025–44%20years%20%2814.1%25%29. Updated May 4, 2023. Accessed May 4, 2023.
- American College Health Association. National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2022. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2023. https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NCHA-III_FALL_2022_REFERENCE_GROUP_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf. Updated May 4, 2023. Accessed August 8, 2023.
- Patrick M, Schulenberg J, Miech R, et al. Monitoring the Future Panel Study Annual Report: National Data on Substance Use Among Adults Ages 19 to 60, 1976-2021. Monitoring the Future Monograph Series. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research; 2022. ED623992.
- Jamal A, Phillips E, Gentzke AS, et al. Current cigarette smoking among adults — United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(2):53–59. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6702a1.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and tobacco use: youth and tobacco use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htm. Updated May 4, 2023. Accessed August 8, 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health problems caused by secondhand smoke. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/health.html Updated. November 1, 2002. Accessed August 1, 2023.
- Latimer LA, Batanova M, Loukas A. Prevalence and harm perceptions of various tobacco products among college students. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(5):519–526. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt174.
- Hawkins JD, Catalano RF. Broadening the vision of education: schools as health promoting environments. J Sch Health. 1992;60(4):178–180. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1990.tb05433.x.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Adolescents and tobacco: risk and protective factors. United States Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/drugs/tobacco/risk-and-protective-factors/index.html. Updated October 13, 2022. Accessed August 1, 2023.
- American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2016. https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NCHA-II%20SPRING%202016%20US%20REFERENCE%20GROUP%20EXECUTIVE%20SUMMARY.pdf. Published 2016. Accessed August 8, 2023.
- American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2009. https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/ACHA-NCHA_Reference_Group_ExecutiveSummary_Fall2009.pdf. Published 2009. Accessed August 8, 2023.
- American College Health Association. Generalizability, reliability, and validity assessment. American College Health Association. https://www.acha.org/NCHA/NCHA/About/Generalizability__Reliability__and_Validity_Analysis_NCHA_I.aspx. Updated 2020. Accessed August 1, 2023.
- Odani S, Soura B, Tynan M, et al. Tobacco and marijuana use among US college and noncollege young adults, 2002–2016. Pediatrics. 2019;144(6):e20191372. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1372.
- Enofe N, Berg CJ, Nehl EJ. Alternative tobacco use among college students: who is at highest risk? Am J Health Behav. 2014;38(2):180–189. doi:10.5993/AJHB.38.2.3.
- National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children, Youth, and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions, O’Connell, ME, Boat T, Warner KE, eds. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); 2009.
- Li X, Loukas A, Perry CL. Very light smoking and alternative tobacco use among college students. Addict Behav. 2018;81:22–25. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.038.
- Jessor R, Donovan J, Costa F. Beyond Adolescence: Problem Behaviors and Young Adult Development. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1991.
- Sagheddu C, Scherma M, Congiu M, et al. Inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase reduces nicotine-induced dopamine activation and reward. Neuropharmacology. 2019;144:327–336. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.013.
- Tiwari R, Sharma V, Pandey R, Shukla S. Nicotine addiction: neurobiology and mechanism. J Pharmacopuncture. 2020;23:1–7. doi:10.3831/KPI.2020.23.001.
- Schauer G, Berg C, Kegler M, Donovan D, Windle M. Differences in tobacco product use among past month adult marijuana users and nonusers: findings from the 2003–2012 national survey on drug use and health. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;18(3):281–288. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv093.
- Schauer G, Peters E. Correlates and trends in youth co-use of marijuana and tobacco in the United States, 2005–2014. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;185:238–244. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.007.
- Brook J, Lee J, Brook D. Trajectories of marijuana use beginning in adolescence predict tobacco dependence in adulthood. Subst Abus. 2015;36(4):470–477. doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.964901.
- Behrendt S, Wittchen H, Höfler M, Lieb R, Beesdo K. Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: is early onset associated with a rapid escalation? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;99(1–3):68–78. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.014.
- Okoli CTC, Richardson CG, Ratner PA, Johnson JL. Adolescents’ self-defined tobacco use status, marijuana use, and tobacco dependence. Addict Behav. 2008;33:1491–1499. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.008.
- Timberlake DS, Haberstick BC, Hopfer CJ, et al. Progression from marijuana use to daily smoking and nicotine dependence in a national sample of U.S. adolescents. Drug Alcohol Dep. 2007;88(2–3):272–281. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.005.
- National Commission on Health Education Credentialing. Responsibilities and Competencies for Health Education Specialists. https://www.nchec.org/responsibilities-and-competencies Updated 2020. Accessed August 30, 2023.