A review on waste wood reinforced polymer composites and their processing for construction materials

References

• Abdulkareem, S. A., M. K. Amosa, A. G. Adeniyi, S. A. Adeoye, and A. K. Ajayi. 2019. “Development of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polystyrene (NFRP) Composites: Impact Resistance Study.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science & Engineering 640 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/640/1/012059.
   Google Scholar
• Adhikari, S., and B. Ozarska. 2018. “Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Timber Products Through the Production Process “From Sawmill to Final Products.” Environmental Systems Research 7 (1). doi:10.1186/s40068-018-0109-x.
   Google Scholar
• Akan, O. D., G. E. Udofia, E. S. Okeke, C. L. Mgbechidinma, C. O. Okoye, Y. A. B. Zoclanclounon, E. O. Atakpa, and O. O. Adebanjo. 2021. “Plastic Waste: Status, Degradation and Microbial Management Options for Africa.” Journal of Environmental Management 292: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Sarheed, M., A. Sedaghat, A. Malayer, H. Salem, S. Amir, A. Oloomi, W. K. Hussam, et al. 2022. “Manufacturing Wood-Plastic Composites and Their Thermal Performance in Building Envelope.” doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1972102/v1.
   Google Scholar
• Amjad, A., M. S. Z. Abidin, H. Alshahrani, and A. A. Ab Rahman. 2021. “Effect of Fibre Surface Treatment and Nanofiller Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Flax/Pla Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposite.” Polymers 13 (21): 1–16. doi:10.3390/polym13213842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amjad, A., A. A. A. Rahman, H. Awais, M. S. Z. Abidin, and J. Khan. 2021. “A Review Investigating the Influence of Nanofiller Addition on the Mechanical, Thermal and Water Absorption Properties of Cellulosic Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite.” Journal of Industrial Textiles 51 (1_suppl): 1–36. SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:10.1177/15280837211057580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammar, Z., H. Ibrahim, M. Adly, I. Sarris, and S. Mehanny. 2023. “Influence of Natural Fiber Content on the Frictional Material of Brake Pads—A Review.” Journal of Composites Science 7 (2): 1–15. doi:10.3390/jcs7020072.
   Google Scholar
• Anabaraonye, B. 2022. “Impacts of Climate Change on Human and Environmental Health in Nigeria.” ~ 17~International Journal of Research in Civil Engineering and Technology 3 (2): 17–20. doi:10.1007/s41297.
   Google Scholar
• Andrusyk, L., G. S. Oporto, D. J. Gardner, and D. J. Neivandt. 2008. Wood Plastic Composites Manufactured from Hot Water Extracted Wood. Part I: Mechanical Evaluation. Proceedings of the 51st International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology, Concepción, CHILE, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Ashori, A. 2008. “Wood-Plastic Composites as Promising Green-Composites for Automotive Industries!” Bioresource Technology 99 (11): 4661–4667. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayeleru, O. O., S. Dlova, O. J. Akinribide, F. Ntuli, W. K. Kupolati, P. F. Marina, A. Blencowe, and P. A. Olubambi. 2020. “Challenges of Plastic Waste Generation and Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review.” Waste Management 110: 24–42. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, M. J., and N. M. Stark. 1997. Investigations of Species Effects in an Injection-Molding-Grade, Wood-Filled Polypropylene. The Fourth International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Deer Park, Texas, 19–25.
   Google Scholar
• Bhambure, S. S., A. S. Rao, and T. Senthilkumar. 2023. “Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Kenaf and Kapok Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composite.” Journal of Natural Fibers 20 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/15440478.2022.2156964.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birniwa, A. H., S. S. Abdullahi, M. Ali, R. E. A. Mohammad, A. H. Jagaba, M. Amran, S. Avudaiappan, N. Maureira-Carsalade, and E. I. S. Flores. 2023. “Recent Trends in Treatment and Fabrication of Plant-Based Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite: A Review.” Journal of Composites Science 7 (3): 120. doi:10.3390/jcs7030120.
   Google Scholar
• Biron, M. 2013. “Thermoplastic Processing.” Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Composites Elsevier: 715–768. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-7898-0.00005-6.
   Google Scholar
• Bollakayala, V. L., N. Etakula, K. K. Vuba, Y. S. Manne, and A. N. Uttaravalli. 2022. “Preparation and Characterization of Green Composites Based on Expanded Polystyrene Waste and Biomass: Sustainable Management Approach.” Materials Today: Proceedings 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.05.275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bootklad, M., S. Chantarak, and K. Kaewtatip. 2016. “Novel Biocomposites Based on Wheat Gluten and Rubber Wood Sawdust.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 133 (30): 1–6. doi:10.1002/app.43705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan, V., T. Kärki, and J. Varis. 2019. “Review of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Engineering Plastic Composites, Their Applications in the Transportation Sector and Processing Techniques.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 35 (8): 1169–1209. doi:10.1177/0892705719889095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chubuike, O. M., C. C. Ebele, E. Ifeanyi, I. F, E. S. Okwuchukwu, and O. E. Festus. 2017. “Study on Chemical Treatments of Jute Fiber for Application in Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRPC).” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 4 (2): 21–26. doi:10.22161/ijaers.4.2.4.
   Google Scholar
• de Araujo, A. A. R., D. K. Cavalcanti, S. N. J. de Souza, H. M. da Costa, and M. D. Banea. 2020. “Effect of Surface Treatments on Interfacial Properties of Natural Intralaminar Hybrid Composites.” Polymer Composites 41 (1): 314–325. doi:10.1002/pc.25371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deka, B. K., and T. K. Maji. 2011. “Study on the Properties of Nanocomposite Based on High Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinyl Chloride and Wood.” Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 42 (6): 686–693. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• dos Santos, L. P., T. S. Flores-Sahagun, and K. G. Satyanarayana. 2015. “Effect of Processing Parameters on the Properties of Polypropylene-Sawdust Composites.” Journal of Composite Materials 49 (30): 3727–3740. doi:10.1177/0021998314568331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effah, B., K. Raatz, A. Van Reenen, and M. Meincken. 2017. “Chemical Force Microscopy Analysis of Wood-Plastic Composites Produced from Different Wood Species and Compatibilizers.” Wood and Fiber Science 49 (2): 146–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faruk, O., A. K. Bledzki, H. P. Fink, and M. Sain. 2012. “Biocomposites Reinforced with Natural Fibers: 2000-2010.” Progress in Polymer Science 37 (11): 1552–1596. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.04.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedrich, D. 2022. “Post-Process Hot-Pressing of Wood-Polymer Composites: Effects on Physical Properties.” Journal of Building Engineering 46: 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, D., Y. Han, and L. Wang. 2015. “Wood–Plastic Composite Technology.” Current Forestry Reports 1 (3): 139–150. doi:10.1007/s40725-015-0016-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gbadeyan, O. J., S. Adali, G. Bright, B. Sithole, and P. Lekha. 2021. “Mechanical, Microstructure, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Nano-Shell and Plant Fiber Hybrid Biocomposite.” Journal of Composite Materials 55 (24): 3345–3358. doi:10.1177/00219983211013418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurunathan, T., S. Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak. 2015. “A Review of the Recent Developments in Biocomposites Based on Natural Fibres and Their Application Perspectives.” Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 77: 1–25. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.06.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinaei, O., S. Wang, A. A. Enayati, and T. G. Rials. 2012. “Effects of Hemicellulose Extraction on Properties of Wood Flour and Wood–Plastic Composites.” Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 43 (4): 686–694. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.01.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huda, M. K., and I. Widiastuti. 2021. “Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Automotive Application: A Systematic Literature Review.” IOP Conference Series: Earth & Environmental Science 1808 (1): 012015. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1808/1/012015.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, I. D., T. Jamiru, R. E. Sadiku, W. K. Kupolati, S. C. Agwuncha, and G. Ekundayo. 2015. “The Use of Polypropylene in Bamboo Fibre Composites and Their Mechanical Properties - a Review.” Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites 34 (16): 1347–1356. doi:10.1177/0731684415591302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, M., F. Li, J. Li, J. Li, C. Zhang, K. Sun, and Z. Guo. 2021. “Enhanced Mechanical Properties, Water Resistance, Thermal Stability, and Biodegradation of the Starch-Sisal Fibre Composites with Various Fillers.” Materials & Design 198. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109373.
   Google Scholar
• Karthi, N., K. Kumaresan, S. Sathish, S. Gokulkumar, L. Prabhu, and N. Vigneshkumar. 2019. “An Overview: Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites, Chemical Treatments and Application Areas.” Materials Today: Proceedings 27: 2828–2834. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.011.
   Google Scholar
• Khoaele, K. K., O. J. Gbadeyan, V. Chunilall, and B. Sithole. 2023. “The Devastation of Waste Plastic on the Environment and Remediation Processes: A Critical Review.” Sustainability 15 (6): 5233. doi:10.3390/su15065233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R., M. I. Ul Haq, A. Raina, and A. Anand. 2019. “Industrial Applications of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites–Challenges and Opportunities.” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 12 (3): 212–220. doi:10.1080/19397038.2018.1538267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotfi, A., H. Li, D. V. Dao, and G. Prusty. 2021. “Natural Fiber–Reinforced Composites: A Review on Material, Manufacturing, and Machinability.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 34 (2): 1–47. doi:10.1177/0892705719844546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, A. J. 2021. “The Utilization of Ijuk Fibre and Sawdust for Manufacturing Composite Block with Plastic Waste as the Matrix.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science & Engineering 1088 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1088/1/012112.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez Lopez, Y., J. B. Paes, D. Gustave, F. G. Gonçalves, F. C. Méndez, and A. C. Theodoro Nantet. 2020. “Production of Wood-Plastic Composites Using Cedrela Odorata Sawdust Waste and Recycled Thermoplastics Mixture from Post-Consumer Products - a Sustainable Approach for Cleaner Production in Cuba.” Journal of Cleaner Production 244. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, P., X. Wang, B. Liu, Y. Li, S. Chen, Y. Zhang, and G. Xu. 2012. “Preparation and Foaming Extrusion Behavior of Polylactide Acid/Polybutylene Succinate/Montmorillonoid Nanocomposite.” Journal of Cellular Plastics 48 (2): 191–205. doi:10.1177/0021955X11434182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed Alharmoodi, K., A. Hussain Idrisi, and A. Hamid Ismail Mourad. 2022. A Recent Trend in the Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: An Overview. 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2022. doi:10.1109/ASET53988.2022.9735113.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, L., M. N. M. Ansari, G. Pua, M. Jawaid, and M. S. Islam. 2015. “A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite and Its Applications.” International Journal of Polymer Science 2015: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2015/243947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritzer, E., and M. Richters. 2021. “Injection Molding of Wood-Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane.” Journal of Composites Science 5: 1–12. doi:10.3390/jcs5120316.
   Google Scholar
• Mudavanhu, S., J. Blignaut, N. Vink, D. Crookes, M. Meincken, B. Effah, D. Murima, and N. Nkambule. 2017. “An Assessment of the Costs and Benefits of Using Acacia Saligna (Port Jackson) and Recycled Thermoplastics for the Production of Wood Polymer Composites in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.” African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 12 (4): 322–365.
   Google Scholar
• Mwango, A., and C. Kambole. 2019. “Engineering Characteristics and Potential Increased Utilisation of Sawdust Composites in Construction - a Review.” Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 7 (3): 59–88. doi:10.4236/jbcpr.2019.73005.
   Google Scholar
• Nafis, Z. A. S., M. Nuzaimah, S. I. A. Kudus, Y. Yusuf, R. A. Ilyas, V. F. Knight, and M. N. F. Norrrahim. 2023. “Effect of Wood Dust Fibre Treatments Reinforcement on the Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composite (R-WoPpc) Filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM).” Materials 16 (2). doi:10.3390/ma16020479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nampoothiri, E. N., J. Bensam Raj, R. Thanigaivelan, and R. Karuppasamy. 2022. “Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Biodegradation Properties of Indian Almond–Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites for Construction Applications.” Journal of Natural Fibers 19 (1): 292–302. doi:10.1080/15440478.2020.1739592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngaowthong, C., M. Borůvka, L. Běhálek, P. Lenfel, M. Švec, R. Dangtungee, S. Siengchin, S. M. Rangappa, and J. Parameswaranpillai. 2019. “Recycling of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene and Polylactic Acid Composites: Thermo-Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Water Absorption Behavior.” Waste Management 97: 71–81. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurazzi, N. M., M. M. Harussani, H. A. Aisyah, R. A. Ilyas, M. N. F. Norrrahim, A. Khalina, and N. Abdullah. 2021. “Treatments of Natural Fiber as Reinforcement in Polymer Composites—A Short Review.” Functional Composites & Structures 3 (2): 024002. Web Portal IOP. doi:10.1088/2631-6331/abff36.
   Google Scholar
• Nyemba, W. R., A. Hondo, C. Mbohwa, and L. Madiye. 2018. Unlocking Economic Value and Sustainable Furniture Manufacturing Through Recycling and Reuse of Sawdust. 15th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, 21: 510–517. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.151.
   Google Scholar
• Parikh, H. H. 2023. “Tribology of Plant-Based Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites–A Short Review.” Journal of Natural Fibers 20 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1080/15440478.2023.2172639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, K. L., M. G. Efendy, and T. M. Le. 2016. “A Review of Recent Developments in Natural Fibre Composites and Their Mechanical Performance.” Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 83: 98–112. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, G., D. J. Gardner, and Y. Han. 2021. “Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites Manufactured from Two Different wood Feedstocks: Wood Flour and Wood Pellets.” Polymers 13 (16). doi:10.3390/polym13162769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raju, A., and M. Shanmugaraja. 2019. “Recent Researches in Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials: A Review.” Materials Today: Proceedings 46: 9291–9296. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.141.
   Google Scholar
• Seal, B., V. Chaudhary, and S. D. Sadhu. 2022. “Development of Natural Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites: Future Scope, Challenges, and Applications.” Materials Today: Proceedings 78: 614–619. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.479.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, M., B. Song, G. Zeng, Y. Zhang, W. Huang, X. Wen, and W. Tang. 2020. “Are Biodegradable Plastics a Promising Solution to Solve the Global Plastic Pollution?” Environmental Pollution 263: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Z., Z. Ye, K. Li, and C. Qi. 2021. “Effects of Coupling Agent and Thermoplastic on the Interfacial Bond Strength and the Mechanical Properties of Oriented Wood Strand–Thermoplastic Composites.” Polymers 13: 1–11. doi:10.3390/polym13234260.
   Google Scholar
• Siddique, A., Z. Iqbal, Y. Nawab, and K. Shaker. 2022. “A Review of Joining Techniques for Thermoplastic Composite Materials.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 1–38. doi:10.1177/08927057221096662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spear, M. J., A. Eder, and M. Carus. 2015. “Wood Polymer Composites.” Wood Composites Elsevier Inc: 195–249. doi:10.1016/B978-1-78242-454-3.00010-X.
   Google Scholar
• Sreenivas, S. S. 2022. “Impact of Climate Change on Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses: A Review.” Asian Journal of Research and Review in Agriculture 4 (3): 35–45.
   Google Scholar
• Srivabut, C., C. Homkhiew, S. Rawangwong, and W. Boonchouytan. 2022. “Possibility of Using Municipal Solid Waste for Manufacturing Wood-Plastic Composites: Effects of Natural Weathering, Wood Waste Types, and Contents.” Journal of Material Cycles & Waste Management 24: 1407–1422. doi:10.1007/s10163-022-01443-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanaszek-Tomal, E. 2019. “Wood - Polymer Composites as an Alternative to the Natural Environment.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science & Engineering 603 (2): 1–8. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/603/2/022009.
   Google Scholar
• Taheri, H., M. Hietala, T. Suopajärvi, H. Liimatainen, and K. Oksman. 2021. “One-Step Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Fibrillate Deep Eutectic Solvent-Treated Wood to Be Used in Wood Fiber-Polypropylene Composites.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9 (2): 883–893. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teuber, L., V. S. Osburg, W. Toporowski, H. Militz, and A. Krause. 2016. “Wood Polymer Composites and Their Contribution to Cascading Utilisation.” Journal of Cleaner Production 110: 9–15. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toghyani, A., S. Matthews, and J. Varis. 2020. “Forming Challenges of Extruded Wood Plastic Composite Products in a Post-Production Process.” Procedia CIRP 93: 502–507. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.04.156.
   Google Scholar
• Trevors, J. T. 2010. “What is a Global Environmental Pollution Problem?” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 210: 1–2. doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0337-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turku, I., T. Karki, and A. Puurtinen. 2018. “Durability of Wood Plastic Composites Manufactured from Recycled Plastic.” Heliyon 4 (3): 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Väisänen, T., O. Das, and L. Tomppo. 2017. “A Review on New Bio-Based Constituents for Natural Fiber-Polymer Composites.” Journal of Cleaner Production 149: 582–596. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, K., G. Du, and S. Wang. 2021. “Wood Plastic Composites: Their Properties and Applications.” Intech Open. 1–25. IntechOpen. www.intechopen.com
   Google Scholar
• Yadav, S. M., D. Kamal, and B. Yusoh. 2015. “MECHANICAL and PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES MADE of POLYPROPYLENE, WOOD FLOUR and NANOCLAY.” Kuala Lumpur International Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation 1: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, S. B., Y. J. Kim, I. J. Kwon, S. M. Park, D. J. Kwon, and J. H. Yeum. 2019. “Simple Manufacturing Method for a Thermoplastic Composite Using PP-Straw.” Composites Part B: Engineering 176: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue, H., C. Xu, J. Yao, M. He, G. Yin, Y. Cui, C. Yang, and J. Guo. 2022. “Characterization and Properties of Plywood Bioadhesive Derived from Cottonseed Protein and Sawdust Cellulose.” Cellulose 29 (10): 5869–5881. doi:10.1007/s10570-022-04611-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeyrek, B. Y., B. Aydogan, E. Dilekcan, and F. Ozturk. 2022. “Author Details Article History Review of Thermoplastic Composites in Aerospace Industry.” International Journal on Engineering Technologies and Informatics 3 (1). doi:10.51626/ijeti.2022.03.00031.
   Google Scholar