References
- Adar, E., M. Ince, B. Karatop, and M. S. Bilgili. 2017. “The Risk Analysis by Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fuzzy-FMEA of Supercritical Water Gasification System Used in the Sewage Sludge Treatment.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 5 (1): 1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.02.006.
- Ademola, I. S. 2013. “Why Small Scale Businesses Failed as a Remedy to Unemployment Problem in Nigeria.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 8 (4): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-0845661.
- Adrian, P. 2022. How Does Inflation Impact Businesses? | Henley Business School. Henley Business School. https://www.henley.ac.uk/news/2022/how-does-inflation-impact-businesses.
- Afraz, N., S. Turab Hussain, and U. Khan. 2014. “Barriers to the Growth of Small Firms in Pakistan: A Qualitative Assessment of Selected Light Engineering Industries.” Lahore Journal of Economics 19 (Special Edition): 135–176. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.isp.a7.
- Ahmadi, M., K. Behzadian, A. Ardeshir, and Z. Kapelan. 2017. “Comprehensive Risk Management Using Fuzzy FMEA and MCDA Techniques in Highway Construction Projects.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23 (2): 300–310. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1068847.
- Akhavan, M., M. V. Sebt, and M. Ameli. 2021. “Risk Assessment Modeling for Knowledge Based and Startup Projects Based on Feasibility Studies: A Bayesian Network Approach.” Knowledge-Based Systems 222:106992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.106992.
- Akhtar, S., and H. Shah. 2018. Framework for SME Sector Development in Pakistan Member (Private Sector Development & Competitiveness) Planning Commission of Pakistan Ministry of Planning. Development & Reform Government of Pakistan.
- Akman, M. K. 2020. “ANTE PORTAS.” ANTE PORTAS, 1 (1): 193.
- Alam, A., M. Uddin, and H. Yazdifar. 2019. “Institutional Determinants of R&D Investment: Evidence from Emerging Markets.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 138:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.08.007.
- Albastiki, N., and A. Hamdan 2019. Financial Illiteracy and Entrepreneurship Success: Literature Review. Proceedings of the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ECIE, 1, 28–31. https://doi.org/10.34190/ECIE.19.022.
- Albort-Morant, G., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. 2016. A bibliometric analysis of international impact of business incubators. Journal of Business Research 69 (5): 1775–1779.
- Ali, K. 2021. Plan to Double Number of Software Technology Parks within a Year - Newspaper - DAWN.COM. DAWN News. https://www.dawn.com/news/1666598.
- Alia Chughtai, M. A. 2022, March 16. Pakistan’s Startups Take Centre Stage | Infographic | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera, 17. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/3/16/pakistans-startups-take-center-stage.
- American Society for Quality. 2020. “What is a Fishbone Diagram? Ishikawa Cause & Effect Diagram | ASQ.” ASQ Org. https://asq.org/quality-resources/fishbone.
- Anderson, J. E., M. Ü. Hughes, and C. Nguyen. 2020. “the Highs and Lows of Startups in the Cannabis Industry: a PESTEL Analysis of the Current Issues.” Business Forum 27 (2): 28–31. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340916577.
- Antunes, L. G. R., F. F. Vasconcelos, C. M. D. Oliveira, and H. L. Corrêa. 2021. “Dynamic framework of performance assessment for startups.” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 71 (7): ahead-of-p(ahead-of–print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2020-0382.
- Arvanitoyannis, I. S., and T. H. Varzakas. 2007. “Application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Cause and Effect Analysis and Pareto Diagram in Conjunction with HACCP to a Potato Chips Manufacturing Plant.” International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 (12): 1424–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01361.x.
- Aslam, S., and S. A. F. Hasnu. 2016. “Issues and constraints perceived by young entrepreneurs of Pakistan.” World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 12 (1): 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-03-2015-0015.
- Baloch, R. 2020. “Cyber Warfare Trends, Tactics and Strategies: Lessons for Pakistan.” Journal of Development Policy 3 (December 2019): 23–43.
- Bano, S., Y. Zhao, A. Ahmad, S. Wang, and Y. Liu. 2019. “Why Did FDI Inflows of Pakistan Decline? From the Perspective of Terrorism, Energy Shortage, Financial Instability, and Political Instability.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 55 (1): 90–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1504207.
- Bărbulescu, O., A. S. Tecău, D. Munteanu, and C. P. Constantin. 2021. “Innovation of startups, the key to unlocking post-crisis sustainable growth in Romanian entrepreneurial ecosystem.” Sustainability 13 (2): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020671.
- Bash, E. 2015. “Fuzzy Logic for Business, Finance, and Management.” In PhD Proposal, Vol. 1. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/6451.
- Batada, I. 2021. Startup challenges: The way out. International The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/797138-startup-challenges-the-way-out.
- Batayneh, K., W. Al Salamat, M. Q. M. Momani, and D. McMillan. 2021. “The impact of inflation on the financial sector development: Empirical evidence from Jordan.” Cogent Economics & Finance 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1970869.
- Bawole, J. N., and Z. Langnel. 2021. “Corruption-Inducause and effect diagram Inhibitions to Business: What Business Leaders Have to Say in Ghana.” Journal of African Business 19 (1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.2018226.
- Bednár, I. R., and I. N. Tarišková. 2018. “Indicators of startup failure.” International Scientific Journal “Industry 4 0 5 (December 2017): 238–240. http://www.eban.org/about-angel-investment/early-stage-investing-.
- Bell, D., L. Cox, S. Jackson, and P. Schaefer 1992. Using causal reasoning for automated failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1109/arms.1992.187847.
- Betts, P. 2016. Cultural, Political and Social Factors Influence the Meaning of Translations. Globalization Partners International. https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/09/cultural-political-and-social-factors-influence-the-meaning-of-translations/.
- Biały, W., and J. Ruzbarský. 2018. “Breakdown Cause and Effect Analysis. Case Study.” Management Systems in Production Engineering 26 (2): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2018-0013.
- Bilal, M. A., H. H. Khan, M. Irfan, S. M. N. U. Haq, M. Ali, A. Kakar, W. Ahmed, and A. Rauf. 2021. “Influence of Financial Literacy and Educational Skills on Entrepreneurial Intent: Empirical Evidence from Young Entrepreneurs of Pakistan.” The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics & Business 8 (1): 697–710. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.697.
- Board of Investment. (2021). Pakistan at a glance | Board Of Investment. https://invest.gov.pk/Pakistan-At-Glance.
- Boland, M. J. 2021. Why big pharma had a responsibility to profit from the pandemic. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/why-big-pharma-had-a-responsibility-to-profit-from-the-pandemic/articleshow/83424426.cms?from=mdr.
- Bolat, H. B., F. Yaşlı, and G. T. Temur. 2022. “Risk Analysis for the Tech Startup Projects with Fuzzy Logic.” Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 308:671–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85577-2_79.
- Breschi, S., J. Lassébie, and C. Menon. 2018. “A portrait of innovative startups across countries.” OECD Science, Technology and Industry working papers 2018 (2): 1–61. https://doi.org/10.1787/f9ff02f4-en.
- Bukhari, S. F. H., F. M. Woodside, R. Hassan, A. L. Shaikh, S. Hussain, and W. Mazhar. 2019. “Is religiosity an important consideration in Muslim consumer behavior: Exploratory study in the context of western imported food in Pakistan.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 10 (4): 1288–1307. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2018-0006.
- Butt, M., R. Mohammed, E. Butt, S. Butt, and J. Xiang. 2020. “Why Have Immunization Efforts in Pakistan Failed to Achieve Global Standards of Vaccination Uptake and Infectious Disease Control?.” Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 13:111. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S211170.
- Cantamessa, M., V. Gatteschi, G. Perboli, and M. Rosano. 2018. “Startups’ roads to failure.” Sustainability 10 (7): 2346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072346.
- Carter, S., N. J. MacDonald, and D. C. B. Cheng. 2009. “Chapter 6 - Investment decisions - Capital budgeting.” Basic Finance for Marketers 82–102. https://www.fao.org/3/w4343e/w4343e07.htm.
- Chanamool, N., and T. Naenna. 2016. “Fuzzy FMEA application to improve decision-making process in an emergency department.” Applied Soft Computing Journal 43:441–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.01.007.
- Chandna, V., and P. Tiwari. 2021. “Cybersecurity and the new firm: surviving online threats.” Journal of Business Strategy 44 (1): 3–12. ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-08-2021-0146.
- Chen, C., and S. Cheng. 2019. “The Effects of Corruption and Regulation on Business Entrepreneurship: Evidence from American States.” Public Performance and Management Review 42 (6): 1481–1506. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1574593.
- Christodoulou, A., and K. Cullinane. 2019. “Identifying the main opportunities and challenges from the implementation of a port energy management system: A SWOT/PESTEL analysis.” Sustainability 11 (21): 6046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216046.
- Climate Center, & IFRC. 2021. “Climate Change Impacts on Health and Livelihoods: Pakistan Assessment.” April 1: 1–58.
- Coccia, M., and A. R. S. T. U. Niversity. 2017. “The Fishbone diagram to identify, systematize and analyze the sources of general purpose technologies.” The Fishbone Diagram to Identify, Systematize and Analyze the Sources of General Purpose Technologies 4 (4): 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1453/jsas.v4i4.1518.
- Cockayne, D. 2019. “What is a startup firm? A methodological and epistemological investigation into research objects in economic geography.” Geoforum 107:77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.009.
- Colombo, M. G., and E. Piva. 2020. “Startups launched by recent STEM university graduates: The impact of university education on entrepreneurial entry.” Research Policy 49 (6): 103993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103993.
- CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor). (2022). Fiber Optic Project of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). http://cpec.gov.pk/map-single/3.
- Dağsuyu, C., E. Göçmen, M. Narlı, and A. Kokangül. 2016. “Classical and Fuzzy FMEA Risk Analysis in a Sterilization Unit.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 101:286–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CIE.2016.09.015.
- Dana, L. P., M. Tajpour, A. Salamzadeh, E. Hosseini, and M. Zolfaghari. 2021. “The impact of entrepreneurial education on technology-based enterprises development: The mediating role of motivation.” Administrative Sciences 11 (4): 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040105.
- Dash, B. 2017. (4) (PDF) Uber Driving Global Disruption: A study using SWOT and PEST framework. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358275258_Uber_Driving_Global_Disruption_A_study_using_SWOT_and_PEST_framework.
- De Felice, F., A. Petrillo, and C. Orrin. 2013. “An integrated conceptual model to promote green policies.” International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 7 (4): 333–355. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISD.2013.057037.
- Deseatnicov, I., and H. Akiba. 2016. “Exchange rate, political environment and FDI decision.” International Economics 148:16–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2016.05.002.
- Desk, N. 2021. 10 Pakistani Startup failures in 2021 and Lessons to learn - Business Tribune Pakistan. Business Tribune Pakistan. https://www.businesstribune.com.pk/startups/9-pakistani-startups-failures-in-2020/.
- Economic Survey of Pakistan. (2021). Economic Adviser’s Wing:Finance Division Government of Pakistan Islamabad. www.finance.gov.pk.
- Farooq, B. 2018. Who is to blame for Careem’s criminal data breach? - Profit by Pakistan Today. Pakistan Today. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/04/25/did-careem-pay-for-its-ignorance/.
- Fatima, T., N. Bukht, M. Ahsan Raza, J. H. Awan, R. Ahmad, P. Multan, and B. Zakariya. 2020. “Analyzing cyber-attacks targeted on the Banks of Pakistan and their Solutions Institute of Southern.” IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security 20 (2): 31.
- Fattahi, R., R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, M. Khalilzadeh, N. Shahsavari-Pour, and R. Soltani. 2021. “Risk Assessment by a New FMEA Model based on an Extended AHP Method under a Fuzzy Environment.” Environmental Energy and Economic Research 5 (4): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22097/eeer.2021.263341.1180.
- Frederiksen, L., M. Bean, and H. Nance. 2012. “PEST and SWOT analysis of international interlibrary loan.” Global Resource Sharing 35–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-84334-625-8.50003-2.
- Frooq, M. 2017. Could Pakistan be on the verge of an internet blackout? - Profit by Pakistan Today. Pakistan Today. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/08/05/could-pakistan-be-on-the-verge-of-an-internet-blackout/.
- Fukuda, R. 2007. “The reduction of quality defects by the application of a cause and effect diagram with the addition of cards.” International Journal of Production Research 16 (4): 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207547808930022.
- Genome, S. 2020. “Startup genome.” In Startup Genome. https://startupgenome.com/tags/startup.
- Gielens, K., and J. B. E. M. Steenkamp. 2019. “Branding in the era of digital (dis)intermediation.” International Journal of Research in Marketing 36 (3): 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2019.01.005.
- Gu, Y. K., Z. X. Cheng, and G. Q. Qiu. 2019. “An improved FMEA analysis method based on QFD and TOPSIS theory.” International Journal on Interactive Design & Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 13 (2): 617–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-018-00523-w.
- Haider, H., M. H. Alkhowaiter, M. D. Shafiquzzaman, M. Alresheedi, S. S. AlSaleem, and A. R. Ghumman. 2021. “Source to Tap Risk Assessment for Intermittent Water Supply Systems in Arid Regions: An Integrated FTA—Fuzzy FMEA Methodology.” Environmental Management 67 (2): 324–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01400-7.
- Hanif, U. 2022. Submarine cable cut slows internet in Pakistan. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2344788/submarine-cable-cut-slows-internet-in-pakistan.
- Hanif, S., S. M. Khan, and S. Rasool. 2020. “Growth of Religious Extremism in.” In Global Political Review, 123–132. Pakistan: Implications for State and Society (1980-2020). https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).12.
- Harmeling, D., and S. Eckstein. (2021). Global Climate Risk Index 2021. https://germanwatch.org/sites/default/files/GlobalClimate Risk Index 2021_1.pdf.
- Harraf, A., H. Ghura, A. Hamdan, and X. Li. 2021. “Formal institutions and the development of entrepreneurial activity – the contingent role of corruption in emerging economies.” Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 10 (1): 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-06-2020-0033.
- Hassan, A. 2018, March 19. 50 Year Old Uber Driver Killed in Karachi. https://propakistani.pk/2018/03/19/50-year-old-uber-driver-killed-in-karachi/.
- He, S. S., Y. T. Wang, J. J. Peng, and J. Q. Wang. 2021. “Risk ranking of wind turbine systems through an improved FMEA based on probabilistic linguistic information and the TODIM method.” The Journal of the Operational Research Society 73 (3): 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1854629.
- Higher Education Commission. (2020). Offices of Research, Innovation and Commercialization: Objectices. https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/ORICs/Pages/default.aspx.
- Hijji, M., and G. Alam. 2021. “A Multivocal Literature Review on Growing Social Engineering Based Cyber-Attacks/Threats during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Prospective Solutions.” IEEE Access 9:7152–7169. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3048839.
- Hussain, A., A. Shahzad, R. Hassan, and S. A. M. Doski. 2021. “COVID-19 Impact on B2B E-Commerce: A Multi-Group Analysis of Sports and Surgical SME’s.” Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Science 15 (1): 166–195. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/233772.
- Hyder, S., and R. N. Lussier. 2016. “Why businesses succeed or fail: a study on small businesses in Pakistan.” Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 8 (1): 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2015-0020.
- Idrees, S., and N. A. Bakar. 2019. “Foreign Direct Investment and Social Sectors Development: A Review.” Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7 (1): 93–105. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2019.0701.0074.
- Ikwan, F., D. Sanders, M. Haddad, M. Hassan, P. Omoarebun, M. Thabet, G. Tewkesbury, and B. Vuksanovic. 2021. “Intelligent risk prediction of storage tank leakage using an ishikawa diagram with probability and impact analysis.” Advances in Intelligent Systems & Computing 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55190-2_45.
- ILO. 2021. Latest labour market developments. Vol. 2. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_767028.pdf.
- Invest2Innovate. (2019). Launch of Pakistan’s Startup Ecosystem Report 2019 - Invest2Innovate. https://invest2innovate.com/launch-of-pakistans-startup-ecosystem-report-2019/.
- ITU. 2020. Global Cybersecurity Index 2020 - Measuring commitment to cybersecurity. In ITU Publications. https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/str/D-STR-GCI.01-2017-PDF-E.pdf.
- Ivančan, J., and D. Lisjak. 2021. “New FMEA risks ranking approach utilizing four fuzzy logic systems.” Machines 9 (11): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9110292.
- Jonek-Kowalska, I., and R. Wolniak. 2021. “The influence of local economic conditions on startups and local open innovation system.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7 (2): 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020110.
- Kamran, H., Z. Rehman, A. A. Chaudhri, and S. Farrukh. (2019). Ride-Sharing Apps and Privacy in Pakistan: In Digitalrightsfoundation.Pk. https://digitalrightsfoundation.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Careem-Uber-Research.pdf.
- Khan, S. A. 2021. Internet and Social Media Blackouts Are Hurting Businesses in Pakistan – The Diplomat. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2021/05/internet-and-social-media-blackouts-are-hurting-businesses-in-pakistan/.
- Khaqan Hassan, N. 2022. Managing Pakistan’s inflation. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/939657-managing-pakistan-s-inflation.
- Khodadadi-Karimvand, M., and H. Shirouyehzad. 2021. “Well drilling fuzzy risk assessment using fuzzy FMEA and fuzzy TOPSIS.” Journal of Fuzzy Extension and Application 2 (2): 144–155. https://doi.org/10.22105/JFEA.2021.275955.1086.
- Lee, B. H. 2001. Using Bayes belief networks in industrial FMEA modeling and analysis. Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAMS.2001.902434.
- Lee, J. E. 2021. How Tech Startups Help Pakistan and its Economy - The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/tech-startups-help-pakistan/.
- Li, S. 2018. A PESTEL Analysis of the Cryptocurrency Industry: An Investment Perspective [SIAM UNIVESITY]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-PESTEL-Analysis-of-the-Cryptocurrency-Industry%3A-Li/1bbee90d5afa5034c58f229d50cd5645957f7a66.
- Malik, F., and Z. Wahaj. 2019. “Sharing economy digital platforms and social inclusi66 on/exclusion: A research study of uber and careem in pakistan.” IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 551:248–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18400-1_20.
- Malik, Z. U. A., H. M. Xing, S. Malik, T. Shahzad, M. Zheng, and H. Fatim. 2022. “Cyber security situation in Pakistan: a critical analysis.” PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 19 (1): 23–32. https://www.archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10650.
- Maria, A., and F. Perez. 2018. “ePub WU Institutional Repository Presented by.” International Journal of Communication 12:3917–3938. https://epub.wu.ac.at/6661/.
- Marinovic Matovic, I. 2020. PESTEL Analysis of External Environment as a Success Factor of Startup Business. Scientia Moralitas Research Institute. https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1022070.
- Mat Dahan, S., and S. M. Yusof. 2020. “Review and proposed eco-process innovation performance framework.” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 13 (2): 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2019.1644387.
- Mathieu, E., H. Ritchie, E. Ortiz-Ospina, M. Roser, J. Hasell, C. Appel, C. Giattino, and L. Rodés-Guirao. 2021. “A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations.” Nature Human Behaviour 5 (7): 947–953. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8.
- MOCC. (2020). Ministry of Climate Change. http://www.mocc.gov.pk/ProjectDetail/M2QzOWJmMjUtZTU3MC00NmFkLWE4YmMtZDFhMmRlOGU2NGRh.
- Muhammad, S., K. Ximei, Z. U. Haq, I. Ali, and N. Beutell. 2021. “COVID-19 pandemic, a blessing or a curse for sales? A study of women entrepreneurs from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa community.” Journal of Enterprising Communities 16 (6): ahead-of-p(ahead-of–print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-05-2021-0060.
- Muzaffar, M. 2018. “Extremism in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges.” Journal of Politics and International Studies October. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/politicsAndInternational/PDF/3_v4_1_2018.pdf.
- Mykhailenko, O., L. Ivanauskas, I. Bezruk, V. Petrikaitė, and V. Georgiyants. 2022. “Application of Quality by Design Approach to the Pharmaceutical Development of Anticancer Crude Extracts of Crocus Sativus Perianth.” Scientia Pharmaceutica 90 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm90010019.
- Nadeem, M. A., Z. Liu, S. Zulfiqar, A. Younis, and Y. Xu. 2021. “Does corruption impede innovation in developing economies? Insights from Pakistan: a call for policies reforms.” Crime, law, & social change 75 (2): 93–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10611-020-09927-W.
- Naeem, R. 2021. Women in a fix about sexual harassment in cab hailing services - Daily Times. https://dailytimes.com.pk/809088/women-in-a-fix-about-sexual-harassment-in-cab-hailing/.
- Nasar, A., M. Akram, M. R. Safdar, and M. S. Akbar. 2021. “A qualitative assessment of entrepreneurship amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.” Asia Pacific Management Review 27 (3): 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APMRV.2021.08.001.
- Nawaz, A. R., U. Anwar, and F. Aquil. 2021. “An Economic Impact of Political Instability: An Evidence from Pakistan.” Journal of Economic Impact 3 (1): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.52223/jei3012106.
- NCC. 2020. Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training. Single National Curriculum. http://mofept.gov.pk/ProjectDetail/NjQ4ZTg2NjItOWM2NC00Y2IxLTkzMDgtMjU2OTFhMjA4NzNh.
- NetBlocks. (2021). Pakistan internet connectivity collapses amid nation-scale power outage - NetBlocks. NETBLOCKS. https://netblocks.org/reports/pakistan-internet-connectivity-collapses-amid-nation-scale-power-outage-YAEvvoB3.
- News Desk. (2022). China-Pakistan Fiber Optic Project (CPFOP) to Boost Bilateral Digital Connectivity - Economy.pk. In Economy.Pk. https://www.economy.pk/china-pakistan-fiber-optic-project-cpfop-to-boost-bilateral-digital-connectivity/.
- Nigam, N., S. Mbarek, and A. Boughanmi. 2021. “Impact of intellectual capital on the financing of startups with new business models.” Journal of Knowledge Management 25 (1): 227–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2019-0657.
- OICCI. (2020). Overseas Investors Chamber Of Commerce And Industry. https://www.oicci.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/OICCI-Publications.pdf.
- Pankaj Kohli, A. B. 2021. New Android spyware targets users in Pakistan – Sophos News. SophoLabs. https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/01/12/new-android-spyware-targets-users-in-pakistan/.
- Parmentola, A., A. Petrillo, I. Tutore, and F. De Felice. 2022. “Is blockchain able to enhance environmental sustainability? A systematic review and research agenda from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).” Business Strategy and the Environment 31 (1): 194–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2882.
- Pervaiz, F. 2015. Pakistan’s E-commerce market analysis [Laurea University of Applied Sciences]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Pakistan’s-E-commerce-Market-Analysis-Pervaiz/2adaf573f2a370ee9010d33f680e0c30dabc6ba0.
- Pisoni, G. 2021. “Going Digital: Case Study of an Italian Insurance Company.” Journal of Business Strategy 42 (2): 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-11-2019-0225.
- Pride, J. 2018. “Unicorn tears : why startups fail and how to avoid it.” Why startups fail and how to avoid it 1: 1–171.
- PSEB. (2020). Pakistan’ s IT Industry Overview Pakistan ’ s IT Industry Overview. http://www.moit.gov.pkSiteImageMiscfilesPakistan27sITIndustryReport-Printer.pdf/.
- PSEB, M. 2020. Pakistan’s IT Industry Overview Pakistan Software Export Board Ministry of Information Technology & Telecommunication Government of Pakistan. http://www.moit.gov.pkSiteImageMiscfilesPakistan%27sITIndustryReport-Printer.pdf.
- R, F. D. I. 2021. 16 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT. Research FDI. https://researchfdi.com/foreign-direct-investment-advantages-disadvantages/.
- Ramesh, B. M. 2018. “Foreign Direct Investment-Opportunities and Challenges and social effect in India.” International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 5 (4): 163–170. www.ijrar.org.
- Report, G. 2016. New Report Reveals the Economic Costs of Internet Shutdowns – Global Network Initiative. https://globalnetworkinitiative.org/new-report-reveals-the-economic-costs-of-internet-shutdowns/.
- Ribas, J. R., J. C. R. Severo, L. F. Guimarães, and K. P. C. Perpetuo. 2021. “A fuzzy FMEA assessment of hydroelectric earth dam failure modes: A case study in Central Brazil.” Energy Reports 7:4412–4424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.012.
- Rodrigo, T., and S. Lemos Azcue. 2020. “LANA Business Plan-E-marketplace for Service Providers 1: 1–124.
- Russomanno, D. J., R. D. Bonnell, and J. B. Bowles 1992. A blackboard model of an expert system for failure mode and effects analysis. Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1109/arms.1992.187869.
- Sadiq, I. 2021. Sialkot mob lynches Sri Lankan factory manager, burns corpse over blasphemy allegations. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1661728.
- Sadiq, M., M. Usman, A. Zamir, M. S. Shabbir, A. Arif, and D. McMillan. 2021. “Nexus between economic growth and foreign private investment: evidence from Pakistan economy.” Cogent Economics & Finance 9 (1): Cogent. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1956067.
- Saputra, A., R. Indradewa, and T. Y. Rahmat Syah. 2021. “Risk Management Application for Business Startups“Jamu Partnership” in Indonesia.” International Journal of Research and Review 8 (8): 148–155. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210821.
- SBP. 2019. 7 Factors Constraining Investments in Pakistan : Beyond the Macroeconomics. State Bank of Pakistan. https://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/annual/arFY19/Chapter-07.pdf.
- SBP. (2022). State Bank of Pakistan. https://www.sbp.org.pk/m_policy/mp-comm.asp.
- Sebastian, S. 2020, September 13. Is FDI a force for good? - Investment Monitor. Investment Monitor. https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/global/is-foreign-direct-investment-a-force-for-good.
- Selmi, R., and J. Bouoiyour. 2020. “The Financial Costs of Political Uncertainty: Evidence from the 2016 US Presidential Elections.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 67 (2): 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12231.
- Shafi, M., J. Liu, and W. Ren. 2020. “Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium-sized Enterprises operating in Pakistan.” Research in Globalization 2:100018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100018.
- Shafiq, M. N., L. Hua, M. A. Bhatti, and S. Gillani. 2021. “Impact of Taxation on Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan.” Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9 (1): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2021.0901.0108.
- Sigcha, E., A. Martinez-Moscoso, L. Siguenza-Guzman, and D. Jadan. 2021. “PESTEL Analysis as a Baseline to Support Decision-Making in the Local Textile Industry.” Advances in Intelligent Systems & Computing 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59194-6_13.
- Singh, R., Sarangal, R. K., & Singh, G. (2022). The Impact of Micro and Macro Environment on Entrepreneurial Success: Case of J&K MSMEs. FIIB Business Review 11 (1): 94–106.
- Singh, J., H. Singh, and B. Singh. 2020. “Fuzzy-based FMEA – Application.” Prioritization of Failure Modes in Manufacturing Processes. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-142-420201003.
- Sivathanu, B., and R. Pillai. 2020. “An empirical study on entrepreneurial bricolage behavior for sustainable enterprise performance of startups: Evidence from an emerging economy.” Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 12 (1): 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-01-2019-0009.
- Siyal, N. 2021. “The critical analysis of the causes of political instability in Pakistan from 1988 to 1999 (special reference to sindh province).” Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) 8 (2): 60–68. https://doi.org/10.46662/jass.v8i2.169.
- Skala, A. 2019. “The Startup as a Result of Innovative Entrepreneurship.” In Digital Startups in Transition Economies, 1–40. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01500-8_1.
- Skawińska, E., and R. I. Zalewski. 2020. “Success Factors of Startups in the EU—A Comparative Study.” Sustainability 12 (19): 8200. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12198200.
- Staff. (2018). Egypt court orders suspension of Uber, Careem services in victory for taxis: sources. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-uber-idUSKBN1GW1O2.
- sunymarketingspring. (2016). Social Factors | Principles of Marketing. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-marketing-spring2016/chapter/reading-social-factors/.
- Syed, A.-R., and A. Bokhari. 2019. “Starting-up-unlocking-entrepreneurship-in-pakistan.” McKinsey and Company. https://www.mckinsey.commediamckinseyfeaturedinsightsmiddleeastandafricapakistansstartuplandscapethreewaystoenergizeentrepreneurshipstartingupunlockingentrepreneurship-in-pakistan.ashx.
- Tay, K. M., and C. P. Lim. 2006. “A guided rule reduction system for prioritization of failures in fuzzy FMEA.” Advances in Soft Computing 36 (8): 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36266-1_29.
- Thekkoote, R. 2022. “A framework for the integration of lean, green and sustainability practices for operation performance in South African SMEs.” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 15 (1): 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2022.2042619.
- Thomas, R. 2019. Startup Ecosystem Report. https://we-fi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/i2i-Pakistan-Startup-Ecosystem-Report-2019-1.pdf.
- Torrecilhas, A. R., R. M. Vedovatte, K. T. D. Santos, G. T. Caviglione, H. G. R. Chiavelli, and R. O. Kanashiro. 2022. “Improvement of the Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA) integrated to the Ishikawa Diagram for risk prevention in civil construction.” Conjecturas 22 (2): 787–797. https://doi.org/10.53660/conj-750-c04.
- Trading Economics. 2022. Pakistan Rupee - 2022 Data - 2001-2021 Historical - 2023 Forecast - Quote - Chart. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/currency.
- Transparency International organzation. (2021). Pakistan - Transparency.org. https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/pakistan.
- Triebel, C., C. Schikora, R. Graske, and S. Sopper. 2018. Failure in Startup Companies: Why Failure Is a Part of Founding 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72757-8_9.
- Tripathi, N., P. Seppänen, G. Boominathan, M. Oivo, and K. Liukkunen. 2019. “Insights into startup ecosystems through exploration of multi-vocal literature.” Information and Software Technology 105:56–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2018.08.005.
- Tunio, M. N., I. S. Chaudhry, S. Shaikh, M. A. Jariko, and M. Brahmi. 2021. “Determinants of the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Engagement of Youth in Developing Country—An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan.” Sustainability 13 (14): 7764. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13147764.
- Ullah, S., A. Sami, T. Ahmad, and T. Mehmood. 2022. “Why choose technology parks for business location in Pakistan.” Innovation & Management Review ahead-of-print(ahead-of–print. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-07-2021-0114.
- UNDP. (2021). Environmental Sustainability in Pakistan | UNDP in Pakistan. https://www.pk.undp.org/content/pakistan/en/home/library/development_policy/dap-vol7-issue2-environmental-sustainability-in-pakistan.html.
- UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2021). Pakistan ramps up Protected Areas. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/pakistan-ramps-protected-areas.
- Usama, K. 2020. Network disruptions - Newspaper - DAWN.COM. DAWN News. https://www.dawn.com/news/1594267.
- Wang, C., D. Wang, J. Abbas, K. Duan, and R. Mubeen. 2021. “Global Financial Crisis, Smart Lockdown Strategies, and the COVID-19 Spillover Impacts: A Global Perspective Implications From Southeast Asia.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643783.
- Wasia, A., H. Ullah, and J. Shahid. 2021. “Judicial Efficiency and Firms Growth: Evidence from Pakistan.” Pakistan Social Sciences Review 5 (I): 442–455. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)34.
- Web Desk. (2022a). Million of court cases pending in Pakistan - Archives - SAMAA. https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/342246/million-of-court-cases-pending-in-pakistan.
- Web Desk. (2022b). Pakistani rupee in free-fall: US dollar climbs over 190-mark. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/956923-pakistani-rupee-in-free-fall-us-dollar-climbs-over-190-mark-during-intra-day.
- West, D. M. 2016. “Internet shutdowns cost countries $2.4 billion last year.” Brookings Institution, no. (October): 1–20. https://www.brookings.edu/research/internet-shutdowns-cost-countries-2-4-billion-last-year/.
- Woolf, S. H., and L. Aron. 2013. “U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health.” In U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13497.
- World Bank. 2020. GDP growth (annual %) - Pakistan | Data. Data.Worldbank.Org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2020&locations=PK&start=1961.
- World Data. (2022). Development of inflation rates in Pakistan. https://www.worlddata.info/asia/pakistan/inflation-rates.php.
- WWF. (2019). Recharge Pakistan: Building Pakistan’s Resilience to Climate Change through Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Integrated Flood Risk Management. 1–20. https://www.greenclimate.fund/document/recharge-pakistan-building-pakistan-s-resilience-climate-change-through-ecosystem-based.
- Yang, H., G. Li, J. He, L. Wang, and X. Zhou. 2021. “Improved FMEA Based on IVF and Fuzzy VIKOR Method: A Case Study of Workpiece Box System of CNC Gear Milling Machine.” Quality and Reliability Engineering International 37 (6): 2478–2498. https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.2870.
- YAZDANI, A. 2020. “The culture of peace and religious tolerance from an Islamic perspective.” Veritas 47 (47): 151–168. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-92732020000300151.
- Zadeh, L. A. 1975. “The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning-III.” Information Sciences 9 (1): 43–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90017-1.
- Zaman, M. B., E. Kobayashi, N. Wakabayashi, S. Khanfir, T. Pitana, and A. Maimun. 2014. “Fuzzy FMEA model for risk evaluation of ship collisions in the Malacca Strait: Based on AIS data.” Journal of Simulation 8 (1): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1057/jos.2013.9.
- Zhou, Y., J. Xia, Y. Zhong, and J. Pang. 2016. “An Improved FMEA Method Based on the Linguistic Weighted Geometric Operator and Fuzzy Priority.” Quality Engineering 28 (4): 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2015.1132320.