Advanced search
Publication Cover
European Journal of Psychotraumatology Volume 14, 2023 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,552
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Basic Research Article

Characterizing the mental health and functioning of Canadian respiratory therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic

Caracterizando la Salud Mental y Funcionamiento de los Terapeutas Respiratorios Canadienses durante la Pandemia de COVID-19

刻画加拿大呼吸治疗师在 COVID-19 疫情期间的心理健康和功能

Andrea M. D’Alessandro-Lowea McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Kimberly Ritchiea McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;b Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Andrea Browna McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Yuanxin Xuea McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;c University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Mina Pichtikovaa McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;c University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Max Altmana McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Isaac Beecha McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;b Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Heather Millmana McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Yarden Levya McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Senay Asmaa McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Kelly Hassalld St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Fatima Fosterd St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Sara Rodriguese Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;f University of Ottawa Institute for Mental Health at the Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Fardous Hosseinye Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;f University of Ottawa Institute for Mental Health at the Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Charlene O’Connorg Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Alexandra Hebera McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;h Veterans Affairs CanadaView further author information
,
Ann Malaing Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Hugo Schielkeg Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Ruth A. Laniusi University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada;j Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
,
Randi E. McCabea McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;d St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaView further author information
&
Margaret C. McKinnona McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;b Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;d St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8315-7657View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2171751 | Received 17 Jun 2022, Accepted 20 Dec 2022, Published online: 22 Feb 2023

References

  • Alenazi, T. H., BinDhim, N. F., Alenazi, M. H., Tamim, H., Almagrabi, R. S., Aljohani, S. M., Basyouni, H., Almubark, M., Althumiri, R. A., & Alqahtani, N. A., & A, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(11), 1645–1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JIPH.2020.09.001
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
  • Benfante, A., Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., & Castelli, L. (2020). Traumatic stress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A review of the immediate impact. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569935
  • Billings, J., Ching, B. C. F., Gkofa, V., Greene, T., & Bloomfield, M. (2021). Experiences of frontline healthcare workers and their views about support during COVID-19 and previous pandemics: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. BMC Health Services Research, 21(923), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12913-021-06917-Z/TABLES/3
  • Brackstone, G., & White, P. (2002, August 11–15). Data stewardship at statistics Canada. Joint statistical meetings of the American Statistical Association. New York. http://ww2.amstat.org/sections/SRMS/Proceedings/y2002/Files/JSM2002-000460.pdf
  • Brown-Saltzman, K., Upadhya, D., Larner, L., & Wenger, N. S. (2010). An intervention to improve respiratory therapists’ comfort with end-of-life care. Respiratory Care, 55(7), 858–865. PMID: 20587097. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587097.
  • Burr, K. L., O’brien, P., Brown, J. M., Penfil, S. H., & Hertzog, J. H. (2020). Occupational-Induced secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder in respiratory therapists. Respiratory Care, 65(7), 1019–1023. https://doi.org/10.4187/RESPCARE.06840
  • Cai, H., Tu, B., Ma, J., Chen, L., Fu, L., Jiang, Y., & Zhuang, Q. (2020). Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in hunan between January and march 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Medical Science Monitor, 26, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.924171
  • Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2021). CIHI’s Health System Capacity Planning Tool [Information Sheet]. CIHI.
  • Chew, N. W. S., Lee, G. K. H., Tan, B. Y. Q., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Ngiam, N. J. H., Yeo, L. L. L., Ahmad, A., Ahmed Khan, F., Napolean Shanmugam, G., Sharma, A. K., Komalkumar, R. N., Meenakshi, P. v., Shah, K., Patel, B., Chan, B. P. L., Sunny, S., Chandra, B., Ong, J. J. Y., … Sharma, V. K. (2020). A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049
  • Collins, K., Marshall, S. G., & Vaughan, P. (2015). Attitudes toward death anxiety and dying among respiratory care students: A pilot study. Respiratory Care Education Annual, 13(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.46743/1540-580X/2015.1532
  • Demartini, B., Nisticò, V., D’Agostino, A., Priori, A., & Gambini, O. (2020). Early psychiatric impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the general population and healthcare workers in Italy: A preliminary study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.561345
  • Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., Benfante, A., & Castelli, L. (2020). Mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26(6), 1583–1587. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13444
  • Donkers, M. A., Gilissen, V. J. H. S., Candel, M. J. J. M., Dijk, N. M. v., Kling, H., Heijnen-Panis, R., Pragt, E., Horst, I. v. d., Pronk, S. A., & Mook, W. N. K. A. v. (2021). Moral distress and ethical climate in intensive care medicine during COVID-19: A nationwide study. BMC Medical Ethics, 22(73), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12910-021-00641-3
  • Du, J., Dong, L., Wang, T., Yuan, C., Fu, R., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Zhang, M., Yin, Y., Qin, J., Bouey, J., Zhao, M., & Li, X. (2020). Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. General Hospital Psychiatry, 67, 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GENHOSPPSYCH.2020.03.011
  • Elliott, S. (2022). Ontario’s COVID-19 response: A history of announced measures, 2020-2022. JD Supra. Retrieved September 28, 2022, from https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/ontario-s-covid-19-response-a-history-1280608/#:~:text = Ontario%20Declares%20Emergency%3B%20Issues%20Province,Thursday%2C%20April%208%2C%202021.
  • Epstein, E. G., Whitehead, P. B., Prompahakul, C., Thacker, L. R., & Hamric, A. B. (2019). Enhancing understanding of moral distress: The measure of moral distress for health care professionals. AJOB Empirical Bioethics, 10(2), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/23294515.2019.1586008
  • Goodfellow, L. T. (2001). Respiratory therapists and critical-thinking behaviors: A self-assessment. Journal of Allied Health, 30(1), 20–25. PMID: 11265268.
  • Gordon, J. S., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2011). Development of a web-based tobacco cessation educational program for pediatric nurses and respiratory therapists. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 42(3), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20101201-06
  • Hall, H. (2020). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers’ mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 33(7), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000669772.78848.8c
  • Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Minor, B. L., Elliott, V., Fernandez, M., O’Neal, L., McLeod, L., Delacqua, G., Delacqua, F., Kirby, J., & Duda, S. N. (2019). The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 95, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208
  • Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 42(2), 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBI.2008.08.010
  • Hennein, R., Mew, E. J., & Lowe, S. R. (2021). Socio-ecological predictors of mental health outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. PLoS ONE, 16(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0246602
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288(April), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
  • Jordan, T. R., Khubchandani, J., Wiblishauser, M., Glassman, T., & Thompson, A. (2011). Do respiratory therapists receive training and education in smoking cessation? A national study of post-secondary training programs. Patient Education and Counseling, 85(1), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.022
  • Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Ma, C., & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBI.2020.03.028
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • Latimer, A. (2021). Hospital Nurses’ Moral Distress and Coping during COVID-19: A Pilot Study. In Theses and dissertations–social work.
  • Lenzo, V., Quattropani, M. C., Sardella, A., Martino, G., & Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak and relationships with expressive flexibility and context sensitivity. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623033
  • Little, R. J. A. (1988). A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722
  • Lovibond, P., & Lovibond, S. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Ps.
  • Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
  • Mahan, K. (2019). Death and dying: Tools to help respiratory therapists handle frequent exposure to end of life care. Journal of Allied Health, 48(1), 72–75.
  • Miljeteig, I., Forthun, I., Hufthammer, K. O., Engelund, I. E., Schanche, E., Schaufel, M., & Onarheim, K. H. (2021). Priority-setting dilemmas, moral distress and support experienced by nurses and physicians in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Nursing Ethics, 28(1), 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020981748
  • Miller, A. G., Roberts, K. J., Hinkson, C. R., Davis, G., Strickland, S. L., & Rehder, K. J. (2021a). Resilience and burnout resources in respiratory care departments. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.08440.
  • Miller, A. G., Roberts, K. J., Smith, B. J., Burr, K. L., Hinkson, C. R., Hoerr, C. A., Rehder, K. J., & Strickland, S. L. (2021b). Prevalence of burnout Among respiratory therapists amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory Care, 66(11), 1639–1648. https://doi.org/10.4187/RESPCARE.09283
  • Mosheva, M., Gross, R., Hertz-Palmor, N., Hasson-Ohayon, I., Kaplan, R., Cleper, R., Kreiss, Y., Gothelf, D., & Pessach, I. M. (2021). The association between witnessing patient death and mental health outcomes in frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers. Depression and Anxiety, 38(4), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23140
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88(May), 901–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
  • Petrişor, C., Breazu, C., Doroftei, M., Mărieş, I., & Popescu, C. (2021). Association of moral distress with anxiety, depression, and an intention to leave among nurses working in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare, 9(10), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101377
  • Plouffe, R. A., Nazarov, A., Forchuk, C. A., Gargala, D., Deda, E., Le, T., Bourret-gheysen, J., Jackson, B., Soares, V., Hosseiny, F., Smith, P., Roth, M., MacDougall, A. G., Marlborough, M., Jetly, R., Heber, A., Albuquerque, J., Lanius, R., Balderson, K., … Richardson, J. D. (2021). Impacts of morally distressing experiences on the mental health of Canadian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1984667. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1984667
  • R Core Team. (2021). R. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Rajan, A., Reddy, M., Todur, P., & Johnson, S. (2021). Knowledge, confidence, and perception of respiratory therapists as frontliners in managing COVID-19 cases – A questionnaire survey. Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, 10(1), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_122_20
  • Rocker, G. M., Cook, D. J., O’Callaghan, C. J., Pichora, D., Dodek, P. M., Conrad, W., Kutsogiannis, D. J., & Heyland, D. K. (2005). Canadian nurses’ and respiratory therapists’ perspectives on withdrawal of life support in the intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care, 20(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.10.006
  • Said, R. M., & El-Shafei, D. A. (2021). Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: Nurses working on front lines during COVID-19 pandemic in zagazig city, Egypt. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18(7), 8791–8801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11235-8
  • Sawadkar, M. M., & Nayak, V. R. (2020). Respiratory therapists: The unnoticed warriors during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy, 56, 57. https://doi.org/10.29390/CJRT-2020-044
  • Schwenzer, K. J., & Wang, L. (2006). Assessing moral distress in respiratory care practitioners*. Critical Care Medicine, 34(12), 2967–2973. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000248879.19054.73
  • Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(21), 2133–2134. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5893
  • Shelledy, D. C., Legrand, T. S., Gardner, D. D., & Peters, J. I. (2009). A randomized, controlled study to evaluate the role of an in-home asthma disease management program provided by respiratory therapists in improving outcomes and reducing the cost of care. Journal of Asthma, 46(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770900802610068
  • Shrestha, R., Khatri, B., Adhikari, S., & Poudyal, P. (2021). Anxiety, depression and functional impairment among Health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A crosssectional online survey. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ), 19(75), 351–355. PMID: 36254423.
  • Tierney, N., Cook, D., McBain, M., Fay, C., O’Hara-Wild, M., Hester, J., & Smith, L. (2019). Naniar: Data structures, summaries, and visualisations for missing data. R Package.
  • Tiete, J., Guatteri, M., Lachaux, A., Matossian, A., Hougardy, J.-M., Loas, G., & Rotsaert, M. (2021). Mental health outcomes in healthcare workers in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 care units: A cross-sectional survey in Belgium. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612241
  • van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). Mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1–67. https://doi.org/10.18637/JSS.V045.I03
  • Vizheh, M., Qorbani, M., Arzaghi, S. M., Muhidin, S., Javanmard, Z., & Esmaeili, M. (2020). The mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 19(2), 1967–1978. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40200-020-00643-9
  • Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM–5 (PCL-5). National Center for PTSD.
  • Wilbiks, J. M. P., Best, L. A., Law, M. A., & Roach, S. P. (2021). Evaluating the mental health and well-being of Canadian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Healthcare Management Forum, 34(4), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/08404704211021109
  • Wong, E. Y., Jennings, C. A., Rodgers, W. M., Selzler, A. M., Simmonds, L. G., Hamir, R., & Stickland, M. K. (2014). Peer educator vs. Respiratory therapist support: Which form of support better maintains health and functional outcomes following pulmonary rehabilitation? Patient Education and Counseling, 95(1), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.12.008
  • World Health Organization. (2010). Measuring Health and Disability: Manual for WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) (B. T. Üstün, N. Kostanjsek, S. Chatterji, & J. Rhem, Eds.).
  • WSIB Ontario Occupational Policy (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder in first responders and other designated workers. https://www.wsib.ca/en/operational-policy-manual/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-first-responders-and-other-designated
  • Wozniak, H., Benzakour, L., Moullec, G., Buetti, N., Nguyen, A., Corbaz, S., Roos, P., Vieux, L., Suard, J.-C., Weissbrodt, R., Pugin, J., Pralong, J. A., & Cereghetti, S. (2021). Mental health outcomes of ICU and non-ICU healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Annals of Intensive Care, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-021-00900-x
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong BCD, D., Li ABCG, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus in China. Medical Science Monitor, 26, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549
  • Yin, Q., Sun, Z., Liu, T., Ni, X., Deng, X., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Zhou, Y., & Liu, W. (2020). Posttraumatic stress symptoms of health care workers during the corona virus disease 2019. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 27(3), 384–395. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2477

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.