References

• Aghamohammadi-Sereshki, A., Coupland, N. J., Silverstone, P. H., Huang, Y. S., Hegadoren, K. M., Carter, R., Seres, P., & Malykhin, N. V. (2021). Effects of childhood adversity on the volumes of the amygdala subnuclei and hippocampal subfields in individuals with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 46(1), E186–E195. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, D. C., & Barker, G. J. (2005). Optimal imaging parameters for fiber-orientation estimation in diffusion MRI. Neuroimage, 27(2), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bados, A., Gomez-Benito, J., & Balaguer, G. (2010). The state-trait anxiety inventory, trait version: Does It really measure anxiety? Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(6), 560–567. Article Pii 928142639. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2010.513295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basser, P. J. (1995). Inferring microstructural features and the physiological state of tissues from diffusion-weighted images. NMR in Biomedicine, 8(7-8), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940080707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaulieu, C. (2002). The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system - a technical review. NMR in Biomedicine, 15(7-8), 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrman-Lay, A. M., Usher, C., Conturo, T. E., Correia, S., Laidlaw, D. H., Lane, E. M., Bolzenius, J., Heaps, J. M., Salminen, L. E., Baker, L. M., Cabeen, R., Akbudak, E., Luo, X., Yan, P. S., & Paul, R. H. (2015). Fiber bundle length and cognition: a length-based tractography MRI study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 9(4), 765–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-014-9334-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., Ahluvalia, T., Pogge, D., & Handelsman, L. (1997). Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(3), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199703000-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrion, V. G., Weems, C. F., & Reiss, A. L. (2007). Stress predicts brain changes in children: A pilot longitudinal study on youth stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and the hippocampus. Pediatrics, 119(3), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dannlowski, U., Stuhrmann, A., Beutelmann, V., Zwanzger, P., Lenzen, T., Grotegerd, D., Domschke, K., Hohoff, C., Ohrmann, P., Bauer, J., Lindner, C., Postert, C., Konrad, C., Arolt, V., Heindel, W., Suslow, T., & Kugel, H. (2012). Limbic scars: Long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment revealed by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 71(4), 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRosse, P., Ikuta, T., Karlsgodt, K. H., Szeszko, P. R., & Malhotra, A. K. (2020). History of childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced fractional anisotropy of the accumbofrontal ‘reward’ tract in healthy adults. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 14(2), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00265-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, D. F., Belleau, E. L., Ironside, M., Zhong, X., Sun, X. Q., Xiong, G., Cheng, C., Li, C. T., Wang, X., Yao, S. Q., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2022). Distinct stress-related medial prefrontal cortex activation in women with depression with and without childhood maltreatment. Depression and Anxiety, 39(4), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovran, A., Winje, D., Overland, S. N., Breivik, K., Arefjord, K., Dalsbo, A. S., Jentoft, M. B., Hansen, A. L., & Waage, L. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in high-risk groups. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(4), 286–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields, R. D. (2008). Oligodendrocytes changing the rules: Action potentials in glia and oligodendrocytes controlling action potentials. The Neuroscientist, 14(6), 540–543. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858408320294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fountoulakis, K. N., Papadopoulou, M., Kleanthous, S., Papadopoulou, A., Bizeli, V., Nimatoudis, I., Iacovides, A., & Kaprinis, G. S. (2006). Reliability and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y: preliminary data. Annals of General Psychiatry, 5(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859x-5-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox, P. T. (1991). Physiological ROI definition by image subtraction. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 11(2), A79–A82. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1991.41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan, J., Zhong, M., Fan, J., Liu, W., Niu, C., Cai, S., Zou, L., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Tan, C., Chan, R. C. K., & Zhu, X. (2017). Abnormal white matter structural connectivity in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 7. Article e1062. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, J. L., Cheung, R. T. F., Lee, T. M. C., Chu, L. W., Chan, Y. S., Mak, H. K. F., Zhang, J. X., Qiu, D. Q., Fung, G., & Cheung, C. (2011). Possible retrogenesis observed with fiber tracking: An anteroposterior pattern of white matter disintegrity in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 26(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-101788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & van den Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00083-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdner, A., & Allgulander, C. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the childhood trauma questionnaire—short form (CTQ-SF). Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(2), 160–170. Article Pii 905734775. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480802514366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2(10), 861–863. https://doi.org/10.1038/13158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goltermann, J., Winter, N. R., Meinert, S., Sindermann, L., Lemke, H., Leehr, E. J., Grotegerd, D., Winter, A., Thiel, K., Waltemate, L., Breuer, F., Repple, J., Gruber, M., Richter, M., Teckentrup, V., Kroemer, N. B., Brosch, K., Meller, T., Pfarr, J. K., … Hahn, T. (2022). Resting-state functional connectivity patterns associated with childhood maltreatment in a large bicentric cohort of adults with and without major depression. Psychological Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722001623
   Google Scholar
• Gorka, A. X., Hanson, J. L., Radtke, S. R., & Hariri, A. R. (2014). Reduced hippocampal and medial prefrontal gray matter mediate the association between reported childhood maltreatment and trait anxiety in adulthood and predict sensitivity to future life stress. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-5380-4-12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanson, J. L., Adluru, N., Chung, M. K., Alexander, A. L., Davidson, R. J., & Pollak, S. D. (2013). Early neglect Is associated With alterations in white matter integrity and cognitive functioning. Child Development, 84(5), 1566–1578. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, H., Lim, L., Mehta, M. A., Simmons, A., Mirza, K. A. H., & Rubia, K. (2018). Altered fear processing in adolescents with a history of severe childhood maltreatment: an fMRI study. Psychological Medicine, 48(7), 1092–1101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716003585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, H., & Rubia, K. (2012). Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6. Article 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, J. Y., Zhong, X., Gao, Y. D., Xiong, G., & Yao, S. Q. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) among undergraduates and depressive patients. Child Abuse & Neglect, 91(2019), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang, H., Gundapuneedi, T., & Rao, U. (2012). White matter disruptions in adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment and vulnerability to psychopathology. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(12), 2693–2701. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jedd, K., Hunt, R. H., Cicchetti, D., Hunt, E., Cowell, R. A., Rogosch, F. A., Toth, S. L., & Thomas, K. M. (2015). Long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment: Altered amygdala functional connectivity. Development and Psychopathology, 27(4), 1577–1589. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, C., Tarlow, N., Stewart, J. G., Aguirre, B., Galen, G., & Auerbach, R. P. (2016). Borderline personality disorder in youth: The prospective impact of child abuse on non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 71, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.08.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kribakaran, S., Danese, A., Bromis, K., Kempton, M. J., & Gee, D. G. (2020). Meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder and comparison with related conditions. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 5(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.08.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kvaal, K., Ulstein, I., Nordhus, I. H., & Engedal, K. (2005). The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI): the state scale in detecting mental disorders in geriatric patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(7), 629–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, L., Howells, H., Radua, J., & Rubia, K. (2020). Aberrant structural connectivity in childhood maltreatment: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116(2020), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu, S. J., Wei, Z. G., Gao, W. J., Wu, W. W., Liao, M., Zhang, Y., Li, W. H., Li, Z. X., & Li, L. J. (2013). White matter integrity alterations in young healthy adults reporting childhood trauma: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(12), 1183–1190. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867413508454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, W. F., Liu, Y. C., Chen, Y. F., Lane, H. Y., Lai, T. J., & Huang, L. C. (2013). Evaluation of psychometric properties of the Chinese Mandarin version State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y form in Taiwanese outpatients with anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(6), 499–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01945.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy-Jones, S., Oestreich, L. K. L., Lyall, A. E., Kikinis, Z., Newell, D. T., Savadjiev, P., Shenton, M. E., Kubicki, M., Pasternak, O., & Whitford, T. J.., & Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. (2018). Childhood adversity associated with white matter alteration in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, and uncinate fasciculus of psychiatrically healthy adults. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 12(2), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-017-9703-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrory, E. J., Gerin, M. I., & Viding, E. (2017). Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry - the contribution of functional brain imaging. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(4), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014). Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 47 (2014), 578–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitran, D. (2019). Childhood adversity and neural development: A systematic review. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1(1), 277–312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Doherty, D. C. M., Chitty, K. M., Saddiqui, S., Bennett, M. R., & Lagopoulos, J. (2015). A systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging measurement of structural volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 232(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poletti, S., Mazza, E., Bollettini, I., Locatelli, C., Cavallaro, R., Smeraldi, E., & Benedetti, F. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences influence white matter microstructure in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 234(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post, R. M. (1992). Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(8), 999–1010. <Go to ISI>://MEDLINE:1353322 https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.8.999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post, R. M., Leverich, G. S., Xing, G. Q., & Weiss, S. R. B. (2001). Developmental vulnerabilities to the onset and course of bipolar disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 13(3), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579401003091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, M. G., Ye, Z., Li, Q. Y., Liu, G. J., Xie, B., & Wang, J. (2011). Changes of brain structure and function in ADHD children. Brain Topography, 24(3-4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-010-0168-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quide, Y., Girshkin, L., Watkeys, O. J., Carr, V. J., & Green, M. J. (2021). The relationship between cortisol reactivity and emotional brain function is differently moderated by childhood trauma, in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and healthy individuals. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 271(6), 1089–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01190-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riem, M. M. E., Alink, L. R. A., Out, D., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2015). Beating the brain about abuse: Empirical and meta-analytic studies of the association between maltreatment and hippocampal volume across childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 27(2), 507–520. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siehl, S., King, J. A., Burgess, N., Flor, H., & Nees, F. (2018). Structural white matter changes in adults and children with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroImage: Clinical, 19(2018), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Johansen-Berg, H., Rueckert, D., Nichols, T. E., Mackay, C. E., Watkins, K. E., Ciccarelli, O., Cader, M. Z., Matthews, P. M., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2006). Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage, 31(4), 1487–1505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sowell, E. R., Peterson, B. S., Thompson, P. M., Welcome, S. E., Henkenius, A. L., & Toga, A. W. (2003). Mapping cortical change across the human life span. Nature Neuroscience, 6(3), 309–315. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016). The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(10), 652–665+. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tendolkar, I., Martensson, J., Kuhn, S., Klumpers, F., & Fernandez, G. (2018). Physical neglect during childhood alters white matter connectivity in healthy young males. Human Brain Mapping, 39(3), 1283–1290. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuda, M., Inoue, K., & Salter, M. W. (2005). Neuropathic pain and spinal microglia: a big problem from molecules in ‘small’ glia. Trends in Neurosciences, 28(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winston, G. P. (2012). The physical and biological basis of quantitative parameters derived from diffusion MRI. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, 2(4), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2012.12.05
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winter, A., Thiel, K., Meinert, S., Lemke, H., Waltemate, L., Breuer, F., Culemann, R., Pfarr, J. K., Stein, F., Brosch, K., Meller, T., Ringwald, K. G., Thomas-Odenthal, F., Jansen, A., Nenadic, I., Krug, A., Repple, J., Opel, N., Dohm, K., … Dannlowski, U. (2022). Familial risk for major depression: differential white matter alterations in healthy and depressed participants. Psychological Medicine. Article Pii s003329172200188x. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329172200188x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P. C., & Huang, T. W. (2014). Gender-Related invariance of the beck depression inventory II for Taiwanese adolescent samples. Assessment, 21(2), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191112441243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, K., Suzuki, Y., Okuyama, M., Watanabe, M., & Nakada, T. (2019). Developmental abnormalities of the brain exposed to childhood maltreatment detected by diffusion tensor imaging. Neurological Research, 41(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2018.1522413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. B., Zhu, X. L., Wang, X., Gao, J. L., Shi, H. Q., Huang, B. S., Situ, W. J., Yi, J. Y., Zhu, X. Z., & Yao, S. Q. (2014). Increased structural connectivity in corpus callosum in adolescent males With conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(4), 466–475.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, X., Ming, Q. S., Dong, D. F., Sun, X. Q., Cheng, C., Xiong, G., Li, C. T., Zhang, X. C., & Yao, S. Q. (2020). Childhood maltreatment experience influences neural response to psychosocial stress in adults: An fMRI study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2961. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02961
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X. Z., Auerbach, R. P., Yao, S. Q., Abela, J. R. Z., Xiao, J., & Tong, X. (2008). Psychometric properties of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Chinese version. Cognition & Emotion, 22(2), 288–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701369035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar