666
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Research Article

Exploring healthcare workers’ experiences of a simple intervention to reduce their intrusive memories of psychological trauma: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Explorando las experiencias de los trabajadores de la salud con una intervención simple para reducir sus recuerdos intrusivos de trauma psicológico: un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo

, , &
Article: 2328956 | Received 07 Dec 2023, Accepted 02 Mar 2024, Published online: 27 Mar 2024

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®) (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uu/detail.action?docID=1811753.
  • Berger, W., Coutinho, E. S. F., Figueira, I., Marques-Portella, C., Luz, M. P., Neylan, T. C., Marmar, C. R., & Mendlowicz, M. V. (2012). Rescuers at risk: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(6), 1001–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0408-2
  • Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013). Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12), https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4
  • Bonanno, G., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. (2010). Resilience to loss and potential trauma. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 511–535. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526
  • Bourgeois, L. (1999). Who, Where, When, Why, What (The Museum of Modern Art) [Painting]. https://www.moma.org/s/lb/collection_lb/object/object_objid-84442.html.
  • Bourgeois, L. (2008). Who, Where, When, Why, What (The Museum of Modern Art) [Painting]. https://www.moma.org/s/lb/collection_lb/object/object_objid-150670.html.
  • Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H. D., Kessler, R. C., & Davis, G. C. (1999). Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: Results from the detroit area survey of trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(6), 902–907. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.6.902
  • Buchan, J., & Catton, H. (2023). Recover to rebuild: Investing in the nursing workforce for health system effectiveness. International Council of Nurses.
  • Cairns, P., Aitken, G., Pope, L. M., Cecil, J. E., Cunningham, K. B., Ferguson, J., Smith, K. G., Gordon, L., Johnston, P., Laidlaw, A., Scanlan, G. M., Tooman, T. R., Wakeling, J., & Walker, K. (2021). Interventions for the well-being of healthcare workers during a pandemic or other crisis: Scoping review. BMJ Open, 11(8), e047498. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047498
  • Carleton, R. N., Afifi, T. O., Taillieu, T., Turner, S., Krakauer, R., Anderson, G. S., MacPhee, R. S., Ricciardelli, R., Cramm, H. A., Groll, D., & McCreary, D. R. (2019). Exposures to potentially traumatic events among public safety personnel in Canada. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 51(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000115
  • David, E., DePierro, J. M., Marin, D. B., Sharma, V., Charney, D. S., & Katz, C. L. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic support programs for healthcare workers and implications for occupational mental health: A narrative review. Psychiatric Quarterly, 93(1), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-021-09952-5
  • de Beurs, D., van Bruinessen, I., Noordman, J., Friele, R., & van Dulmen, S. (2017). Active involvement of end users when developing web-based mental health interventions. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 72. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00072
  • Ezzat, A., Li, Y., Holt, J., & Komorowski, M. (2021). The global mental health burden of COVID-19 on critical care staff. British Journal of Nursing, 30(11), 634–642. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.11.634
  • Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Huang, S. H., & Bonanno, G. A. (2018). Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following potential trauma: A review and statistical evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 63, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.008
  • Greene, T., Harju-Seppänen, J., Adeniji, M., Steel, C., Grey, N., Brewin, C. R., Bloomfield, M. A., & Billings, J. (2021). Predictors and rates of PTSD, depression and anxiety in UK frontline health and social care workers during COVID-19. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1882781. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1882781
  • Hegarty, S., Lamb, D., Stevelink, S. A. M., Bhundia, R., Raine, R., Doherty, M. J., Scott, H. R., Marie Rafferty, A., Williamson, V., Dorrington, S., Hotopf, M., Razavi, R., Greenberg, N., & Wessely, S. (2022). It hurts your heart’: Frontline healthcare worker experiences of moral injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(2), 2128028. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2128028
  • Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Eriksson, E., Lauri, K. O., Kukacka, O. M., Mamish, M., James, E. L., & Visser, R. M. (2017). I can’t concentrate’: A feasibility study with young refugees in Sweden on developing science-driven interventions for intrusive memories related to trauma. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(2), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S135246581600062X
  • Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Coode-Bate, T., & Deeprose, C. (2009). Can playing the computer game “Tetris” reduce the build-up of flashbacks for trauma? A proposal from cognitive science. PLoS ONE, 4(1), e4153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004153
  • Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(6), 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
  • Iyadurai, L., Blackwell, S. E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Watson, P. C., Bonsall, M. B., Geddes, J. R., Nobre, A. C., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: A proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(3), 674–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.23
  • Iyadurai, L., Highfield, J., Kanstrup, M., Markham, A., Ramineni, V., Guo, B., Jaki, T., Kingslake, J., Goodwin, G. M., Summers, C., Bonsall, M. B., & Holmes, E. A. (2023). Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via an imagery-competing task intervention in COVID-19 intensive care staff: A randomised controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 13(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02578-0
  • Iyadurai, L., Visser, R. M., Lau-Zhu, A., Porcheret, K., Horsch, A., Holmes, E. A., & James, E. L. (2019). Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.005
  • Jahnke, S. A., Poston, W. S. C., Haddock, C. K., & Murphy, B. (2016). Firefighting and mental health: Experiences of repeated exposure to trauma. Work, 53(4), 737–744. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162255
  • James, E. L., Bonsall, M. B., Hoppitt, L., Tunbridge, E. M., Geddes, J. R., Milton, A. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2015). Computer game play reduces intrusive memories of experimental trauma via reconsolidation-update mechanisms. Psychological Science, 26(8), 1201–1215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615583071
  • Kanstrup, M., Kontio, E., Geranmayeh, A., Lauri, K. O., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2021a). A single case series using visuospatial task interference to reduce the number of visual intrusive memories of trauma with refugees. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(1), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2489
  • Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Göransson, K. E., Widoff, J., Taylor, R. S., Gamble, B., Iyadurai, L., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2021b). Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief cognitive task intervention in the hospital emergency department: An exploratory pilot randomised controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01124-6
  • Kantor, V., Knefel, M., & Lueger-Schuster, B. (2017). Perceived barriers and facilitators of mental health service utilization in adult trauma survivors: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 52, 52–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.001
  • Kessler, H., Holmes, E. A., Blackwell, S. E., Schmidt, A.-C., Schweer, J. M., Bücker, A., Herpertz, S., Axmacher, N., & Kehyayan, A. (2018). Reducing intrusive memories of trauma using a visuospatial interference intervention with inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(12), 1076–1090. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000340
  • Marvaldi, M., Mallet, J., Dubertret, C., Moro, M. R., & Guessoum, S. B. (2021). Anxiety, depression, trauma-related, and sleep disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 126, 252–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.024
  • McGlinchey, E., Hitch, C., Butter, S., McCaughey, L., Berry, E., & Armour, C. (2021). Understanding the lived experiences of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1904700. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1904700
  • Mealer, M., Burnham, E. L., Goode, C. J., Rothbaum, B., & Moss, M. (2009). The prevalence and impact of post traumatic stress disorder and burnout syndrome in nurses. Depression and Anxiety, 26(12), 1118–1126. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20631
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder (NICE Guideline 116). NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116.
  • Nizza, I. E., Farr, J., & Smith, J. A. (2021). Achieving excellence in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): Four markers of high quality. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1854404
  • Official Statistics of Sweden. (2015). Trained health and social care workers – today and in the future (Report 2015:4; Theme Labor Market). Statistics Sweden. https://www.scb.se/contentassets/2105d6d260bc4af081607897f2af2dac/uf0521_2015a01_br_a40br1504.pdf.
  • Owen, E., Massazza, A., Roberts, B., Lokot, M., & Fuhr, D. C. (2022). “Nothing about us, without us”? A qualitative study of service user involvement in the development of lay-delivered psychological interventions in contexts affected by humanitarian crises. Journal of Migration and Health, 5, 100087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100087
  • Patel, P., Brown, S., Guo, B., Holmes, E., Iyadurai, L., Kingslake, J., Highfield, J., & Morriss, R. (2024). Using a novel gameplay intervention to target intrusive memories after work-related trauma: Iterative qualitative analysis of intensive care unit staff experiences. JMIR Formative Research, 8, e47458. https://doi.org/10.2196/47458
  • PTSD: National Center for PTSD. (2022, October 6). Types of debriefing following disasters. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/type/debrief_after_disasters.asp.
  • Ross, J. (2020). The exacerbation of burnout during COVID-19: A major concern for nurse safety. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 35(4), 439–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.04.001
  • Salmon, G., & Morehead, A. (2019). Posttraumatic stress syndrome and implications for practice in critical care nurses. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 31(4), 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnc.2019.07.007
  • Schleider, J. L. (2023). The fundamental need for lived experience perspectives in developing and evaluating psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 91(3), 119–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000798
  • Singh, L., Kanstrup, M., Depa, K., Falk, A.-C., Lindström, V., Dahl, O., Göransson, K. E., Rudman, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2021). Digitalizing a brief intervention to reduce intrusive memories of psychological trauma for health care staff working during COVID-19: Exploratory pilot study with nurses. JMIR Formative Research, 5(5), e27473. https://doi.org/10.2196/27473
  • Singh, L., Kanstrup, M., Gamble, B., Geranmayeh, A., Göransson, K. E., Rudman, A., Dahl, O., Lindström, V., Hörberg, A., Holmes, E. A., & Moulds, M. L. (2022). A first remotely-delivered guided brief intervention to reduce intrusive memories of psychological trauma for healthcare staff working during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 26, 100884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100884
  • Singh, S., & Gatera, G. (2021, March 17). Let’s talk about lived experiences of mental health challenges | News. Wellcome. https://wellcome.org/news/lets-talk-about-lived-experiences-mental-health-challenges.
  • Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2021). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research (2nd edition). Sage Publications.
  • Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain, 9(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642
  • Svantesson, M., Durnell, L., Hammarström, E., Jarl, G., & Sandman, L. (2022). Moral and exhausting distress working in the frontline of COVID-19: A Swedish survey during the first wave in four healthcare settings. BMJ Open, 12(7), e055726. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055726
  • Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services. (2019). Psykologiska, psykosociala och andra icke-farmakologiska insatser för att förebygga posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) hos vuxna (SBU Kommentar Rapport 2019_11). Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU); Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services. https://www.sbu.se/sv/publikationer/sbu-kommentar/psykologiska-psykosociala-och-andra-icke-farmakologiska-insatser-for-att-forebygga-posttraumatiskt-stressyndrom-ptsd-hos-vuxna/.
  • Vårdförbundet, personal communication. (2023, May 11). Lönestatistik. https://www.vardforbundet.se/lonestatistik/.