136
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Reports

Frost Action during the Younger Dryas Inferred from Soil Micromorphology at Connley Cave 5, Oregon

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 289-303 | Received 14 Jun 2023, Accepted 07 Nov 2023, Published online: 30 Nov 2023

References

  • Adams, K. D., T. Goebel, K. Graf, G. M. Smith, A. J. Camp, R. W. Briggs, and D. Rhode. 2008. “Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the Distribution of Archaeological Sites.” Geoarchaeology 23: 608–643.
  • Alley, R. B., D. A. Meese, C. A. Shuman, A. J. Gow, K. C. Taylor, K. C. P, M. Grootes, J. White, et al. 1993. “Abrupt Increase in Greenland Snow Accumulation at the End of the Younger Dryas Event.” Nature 362: 527–529.
  • Anderson, P. M., A. V. Lozhkin, and L. B. Brubaker. 2002. “Implications of a 24,000-yr Palynological Record for a Younger Dryas Cooling and for Boreal Forest Development in Northeastern Siberia.” Quaternary Research 57: 325–333.
  • Barron, J. A., L. Heusser, T. Herbert, and M. Lyle. 2003. “High-Resolution Climatic Evolution of Coastal Northern California During the Past 16,000 Years.” Paleoceanography 18: 1–20.
  • Beck, C. W., V. M. Bryant, and D. L. Jenkins. 2018. “Comparison of Neotoma (Packrat) Feces to Associated Sediments from Paisley Caves, Oregon, USA.” Palynology 44: 723–741.
  • Beck, C., and G. T. Jones. 2010. “Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West.” American Antiquity 75: 81–116.
  • Beck, C., G. T. Jones, D. L. Jenkins, C. E. Skinner, and J. Thatcher 2004. “Fluted or Basally-Thinned? Re-examination of a Lanceolate Point from the Connley Caves in the Fort Rock Basin.” In Early and Middle Holocene Archaeology of the Northern Great Basin, edited by Dennis L. Jenkins, Thomas J. Connolly, and C. Melvin Aikens, 281–294. Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon Anthropological Papers 62.
  • Bedwell, S. F. 1973. Fort Rock Basin: Prehistory and Environment. Eugene: University of Oregon Press.
  • Benson, L. V., D. R. Currey, R. I. Dorn, K. R. Lajoie, C. G. Oviatt, S. W. Robinson, et al. 1990. “Chronology of Expansion and Contraction of Four Great Basin Lake Systems During the Past 35,000 Years.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 78: 241–286.
  • Birkeland, P. W. 1999. Soils and Geomorphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Blong, J. C., M. E. Adams, G. Sanchez, D. L. Jenkins, I. D. Bull, and L. M. Shillito. 2020. “Younger Dryas and Early Holocene Subsistence in the Northern Great Basin: Multiproxy Analysis of Coprolites from the Paisley Caves, Oregon, USA.” Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12: 1–29.
  • Bradley, E. J., G. M. Smith, and K. E. Nussear. 2022. “Ecological Niche Modeling and Diachronic Change in Paleoindian Land Use in the Northwestern Great Basin, USA.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 45: 103564.
  • Broecker, W. S., G. H. Denton, R. L. Edwards, H. Cheng, R. B. Alley, and A. E. Putnam. 2010. “Putting the Younger Dryas Cold Event Into Context.” Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 1078–1081.
  • Bryan, A. L. 1980. “The Stemmed Point Tradition: An Early Technological Tradition in Western North America.” In Anthropological Papers in Memory of Earl H. Swanson, Jr, edited by L. B. Harten, C. N. Warren, and D. R. Tuohy, 77–107. Pocatello: Idaho State Museum of Natural History.
  • Butler, B. R. 1963. “An Early Man Site at Big Camas Prairie, South-Central Idaho.” Tebiwa 6 (1): 22–33.
  • Cheng, H., H. Zhang, C. Spötl, J. Baker, A. Sinha, H. Li, et al. 2020. “Timing and Structure of the Younger Dryas Event and Its Underlying Climate Dynamics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117: 23408–23417.
  • Cole, K. L., and S. T. Arundel. 2005. “Carbon Isotopes from Fossil Packrat Pellets and Elevational Movements of Utah Agave Plants Reveal the Younger Dryas Cold Period in Grand Canyon, Arizona.” Geology 33: 713–716.
  • Connolly, T. J., P. Barker, C. S. Fowler, E. M. Hattori, D. L. Jenkins, and W. J. Cannon. 2016. “Getting Beyond the Point: Textiles of the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene in the Northwestern Great Basin.” American Antiquity 81: 490–514.
  • Connolly, T. J., J. B. Finley, G. M. Smith, D. L. Jenkins, P. E. Endzweig, B. L. O'Neill, and P. W. Baxter. 2017. “Return to Fort Rock Cave: Assessing the Site's Potential to Contribute to Ongoing Debates about How and When Humans Colonized the Great Basin.” American Antiquity 82: 558–573.
  • Courty, M. A., P. Goldberg, and R. Macphail. 1989. Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Currey, D. R. 1990. “Quaternary Palaeolakes in the Evolution of Semidesert Basins, with Special Emphasis on Lake Bonneville and the Great Basin, USA.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 76: 189–214.
  • Davis, L. G., S. C. Willis, and S. J. Macfarlan. 2012. “Lithic Technology, Cultural Transmission, and the Nature of the Far Western Paleoarchaic/Paleoindian Co-Tradition.” In Meetings at the Margins: Prehistoric Cultural Interactions in the Intermountain West, edited by D. Rhode, 47–64. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  • DiPietro, L. M., S. G. Driese, and T. Goebel. 2018. “Deposition and Pedogenesis of Periglacial Sediments and Buried Soils at the Serpentine Hot Springs Archaeological Site, Seward Peninsula, AK.” Catena 170: 204–223.
  • Duke, D., E. Wohlgemuth, K. R. Adams, A. Armstrong-Ingram, S. K. Rice, and D. C. Young. 2022. “Earliest Evidence for Human Use of Tobacco in the Pleistocene Americas.” Nature Human Behaviour 6: 183–192.
  • Freidel, D. E. 1993. “Chronology and Climate Controls of Late a Quaternary Lake-level Fluctuations in Chewaucan, Fort Rock, and Alkali Basins, South-central Oregon.” PhD diss., Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene.
  • Goebel, T., B. S. Hockett, D. E. Rhode, and K. E. Graf. 2011. “Climate, Environment, and Humans in North America’s Great Basin during the Younger Dryas, 12,900-11,600 Calender Years Ago.” Quaternary International 242: 211–230.
  • Goebel, T., B. Hockett, D. Rhode, and K. Graf. 2021. “Prehistoric Human Response to Climate Change in the Bonneville Basin, Western North America: The Bonneville Estates Rockshelter Radiocarbon Chronology.” Quaternary Science Reviews 260: 106930.
  • Goldberg, P., and F. Berna. 2010. “Micromorphology and Context.” Quaternary International 214: 56–62.
  • Goldberg, P., and S. C. Sherwood. 2006. “Deciphering Human Prehistory through the Geoarcheological Study of Cave Sediments.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 15 (1): 20–36.
  • Goldberg, P., and S. C. Sherwood. 2006. “Deciphering Human Prehistory through the Geoarcheological Study of Cave Sediments.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 15 (1): 20–36.
  • Graf, K. E. 2007. “Stratigraphy and Chronology of the Pleistocene to Holocene Transition at Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, Eastern Great Basin.” In Paleoindian or Paleoarchaic, edited by K. E. Graf and D. N. Schmitt, 82–104. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  • Grayson, D. K. 1979. “Mount Mazama, Climatic Change, and Fort Rock Basin Archaeofaunas.” In Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology, edited by D. P. Sheets and D. K. Grayson, 427–457. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Grayson, D. 2016. Giant Sloths and Sabertooth Cats: Extinct Mammals and the Archaeology of the Ice Age Great Basin. University of Utah Press.
  • Henrikson, L. S., D. A. Byers, R. M. Yohe, M. M. DeCarlo, and G. L. Titmus. 2017. “Folsom Mammoth Hunters? The Terminal Pleistocene Assemblage from Owl Cave (10BV30), Wasden Site, Idaho.” American Antiquity 82: 574–592.
  • Hockett, B., M. E. Adams, P. M. Lubinski, V. L. Butler, and D. L. Jenkins. 2017. “Late Pleistocene Subsistence in the Great Basin: Younger Dryas-aged Faunal Remains from the Botanical Lens, Paisley Cave 2, Oregon.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 13: 565–576.
  • Holcomb, J. A., and P. Karkanas. 2019. “Elemental Mapping of Micromorphological Block Samples Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (pXRF): Integrating Geochemical Line of Evidence.” Geoarchaeology 34: 613–624.
  • Hudson, A. M., M. M. Emery-Wetherell, P. M. Lubinski, V. L. Butler, D. N. Grimstead, and D. L. Jenkins. 2021. “Reconstructing Paleohydrology in the Northwest Great Basin since the Last Deglaciation Using Paisley Caves Fish Remains (Oregon, U.S.A.).” Quaternary Science Reviews 262: 106936.
  • Jamaldin, S. A. 2018. “Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Cave Use in Oregon's Fort Rock Basin: An Examination of Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Point Assemblages from Fort Rock Cave, Cougar Mountain Cave, and the Connley Caves.” PhD diss., University of Nevada, Reno.
  • Jenkins, D. L., T. J. Connolly, and C. M. Aikens (Eds.), 2004. Early and Middle Holocene Archaeology in the Northern Great Basin. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers 62, Eugene, Oregon.
  • Jenkins, D. L., L. G. Davis, T. W. Stafford, P. F. Campos, B. S. Hockett, G. T. Jones, L. S. Cummings, et al. 2012. “Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves.” Science 337: 223–228.
  • Jenkins, D. L., L. G. Davis, T. W. Stafford, T. J. Connolly, M. F. Rondeau, L. S. Cummings, B. S. Hockett, et al. 2016. “Younger Dryas Archaeology and Human Experience at the Paisley Caves in the Northern Great Basin.” In Stone, Bones, and Profiles: Exploring Archaeological Context, Early American Hunter-Gatherers, and Bison, edited by M. Kornfeld and B. B. Huckell, 127–205. Boulder: University of Colorado Press.
  • Jenkins, D. L., J. A. Holcomb, and K. N. McDonough. 2017. “Current Research at the Connley Caves (35LK50): Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Western Stemmed Tradition Occupations in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon.” PaleoAmerica 3: 188–192.
  • Kallenbach, E. 2023. “Testing the Feasibility of Fiber Identification for Fine Cordage Artifacts from the Paisley Caves, Oregon.” Journal of Archaeological Science 158: 105855.
  • Karkanas, P., and P. Goldberg. 2013. “Micromorphology of Cave Sediments.” In Treatise on Geomorphology, Vol. 6, Karst Geomorphology, edited by J. Shroder and S. Frumkin, 286–297. San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Karkanas, P., and P. Goldberg. 2018. Reconstructing Archaeological Sites: Understanding the Geoarchaeological Matrix. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kielhofer, J., C. Miller, J. Reuther, C. Holmes, B. Potter, F. Lanoë, et al. 2020. “The Micromorphology of Loess-paleosol Sequences in Central Alaska: A New Perspective on Soil Formation and Landscape Evolution since the Late Glacial Period (c. 16,000 Cal Yr BP to Present).” Geoarchaeology 35: 701–728.
  • Kimble, J., ed. 2004. Cryosols: Permafrost-Affected Soils. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • MacDonald, G. M., K. A. Moser, A. M. Bloom, D. F. Porinchu, A. P. Potito, B. Wolfe, et al. 2008. “Evidence of Temperature Depression and Hydrological Variations in the Eastern Sierra Nevada During the Younger Dryas Stade.” Quaternary Research 70: 131–140.
  • Macphail, R. I., and P. Goldberg. 2018. Applied Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • McDonough, K. N. 2021. “Human Paleoecology in the High Desert: 12,600 Years of Human Plant Dynamics in the Northern Great Basin, Oregon, USA.” PhD diss., Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station.
  • McDonough, K. N., J. L. Kennedy, R. L. Rosencrance, J. A. Holcomb, D. L. Jenkins, and K. Puseman. 2022. “Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth: Paleoethnobotany of Connley Cave 5, Oregon, USA.” American Antiquity 87: 303–332.
  • McDonough, K., R. L. Rosencrance, J. Holcomb, and D. L. Jenkins. 2018. “Update from the 2017 and 2018 Excavations by the University of Oregon Archaeology Field School at Connley Caves 2 and 5 (35LK50), Fort Rock Basin, Oregon.” Current Archaeological Happenings in Oregon 43 (3): 3–8.
  • McMillan, N. J., and J. Mitchell. 1953. “A Microscopic Study of Platy and Concretionary Structures in Certain Saskatchewan Soils.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 45: 578–586.
  • Mensing, S. A. 2001. “Late-Glacial and Early Holocene Vegetation and Climate Change near Owens Lake, Eastern California.” Quaternary Research 55: 57–65.
  • Michel, M., D. Cnuts, and V. Rots. 2019. “Freezing In-Sight: The Effect of Frost Cycles on Use Wear and Residues on Flint Tools.” Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11: 5423–5443.
  • Minckley, T. A., P. J. Bartlein, and J. J. Shinker. 2004. “Paleoecological Response to Climate Change in the Great Basin since the Last Glacial Maximum.” In Early and Middle Holocene Archaeology of the Northern Great Basin, edited by D. L. Jenkins, T. J. Connolly, and C. M. Aikens, 21–30. Anthropological Papers 62. Eugene: University of Oregon.
  • North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature. 2005. “North American Stratigraphic Code.” AAPG Bulletin 89: 1547–1591.
  • Osborn, A. J. 2014. “Eye of the Needle: Cold Stress, Clothing, and Sewing Technology during the Younger Dryas Cold Event in North America.” American Antiquity 79: 45–68.
  • Pigati, J. S., and K. B. Springer. 2022. “Hydroclimate Response of Spring Ecosystems to a Two Stage Younger Dryas Event in Western North America.” Scientific Reports 12: 7323.
  • Reaux, D. J. 2021. “Western Stemmed Tradition Settlement–Subsistence and Lithic Technological Organization in the Catnip Creek Delta, Guano Valley, Oregon, USA.” PaleoAmerica 7: 365–383.
  • Reaux, D. 2022. “Western Stemmed Tradition Lithic Procurement Strategies at the Catnip Creek Delta Locality, Guano Valley, Oregon: A Gravity Model Approach.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 46: 103647.
  • Reaux, D. J., G. M. Smith, K. D. Adams, S. Jamaldin, N. D. George, K. Mohr, and R. L. Rosencrance. 2018. “A First Look at the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record of Guano Valley, Oregon, USA.” PaleoAmerica 4: 162–176.
  • Reheis, M. C., K. D. Adams, C. G. Oviatt, and S. N. Bacon. 2014. “Pluvial Lakes in the Great Basin of the Western United States—A View from the Outcrop.” Quaternary Science Reviews 97: 33–57.
  • Rosencrance, R. 2019. “Assessing the Chronological Variation within Western Stemmed. Tradition Projectile Points.” MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno.
  • Rosencrance, R. L., K. N. McDonough, J. A. Holcomb, P. E. Endzweig, D. L. Jenkins, and D. L. 2022. “Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon.” PaleoAmerica 8: 264–284.
  • Rosencrance, R. L., G. M. Smith, D. L. Jenkins, T. J. Connolly, and T. N. Layton. 2019. “Reinvestigating Cougar Mountain Cave: New Perspectives on Stratigraphy, Chronology and a Younger Dryas Occupation in the Northern Great Basin.” American Antiquity 84: 559–573.
  • Saban, C., E. M. Herring, D. L. Jenkins, and D. G. Gavin. 2023. “Late Glacial through Early Holocene Environments Inferred Using Pollen from Coprolites and Sediments Recovered from Paisley Caves, Oregon.” Quaternary Research 116: 78–95.
  • Shillito, L. M., J. C. Blong, D. L. Jenkins, T. W. Stafford Jr, H. Whelton, K. McDonough, and I. D. Bull. 2018. “New Research at Paisley Caves: Applying New Integrated Analytical Approaches to Understanding Stratigraphy, Taphonomy, and Site Formation Processes.” PaleoAmerica 4: 82–86.
  • Shillito, L. M., H. L. Whelton, J. C. Blong, D. L. Jenkins, T. J. Connolly, and I. D. Bull. 2020. “Pre-Clovis Occupation of the Americas Identified by Human Fecal Biomarkers in Coprolites from Paisley Caves, Oregon.” Science Advances 6 (29): eaba6404.
  • Smith, G. M. 2010. “Footprints Across the Black Rock: Temporal Variability in Prehistoric Foraging Territories and Toolstone Procurement Strategies in the Western Great Basin.” American Antiquity 75: 865–885.
  • Smith, G. M., and P. Barker. 2017. “The Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record in the Northwestern Great Basin: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and How We May Be Wrong.” PaleoAmerica 3: 13–47.
  • Smith, G. M., D. Duke, D. L. Jenkins, T. Goebel, L. G. Davis, P. O’Grady, et al. 2020. “The Western Stemmed Tradition: Problems and Prospects in Paleoindian Archaeology in the Intermountain West.” PaleoAmerica 6: 23–42.
  • Smith, G. M., D. C. Felling, T. A. Wriston, and D. D. Pattee. 2015. “The Surface Paleoindian Record of Northern Warner Valley, Oregon, and Its Bearing on the Temporal and Cultural Separation of Clovis and Western Stemmed Points in the Northern Great Basin.” PaleoAmerica 1: 360–373.
  • Smith, G. M., and D. C. Harvey. 2018. “Reconstructing Prehistoric Landscape Use at a Regional Scale: A Critical Review of the Lithic Conveyance Zone Concept with a Focus on Its Limitations.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19: 828–835.
  • Smith, G. M., E. S. Middleton, and P. A. Carey. 2013. “Paleoindian Technological Provisioning Strategies in the Northwestern Great Basin.” Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 4180–4188.
  • Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. U. S. Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 18. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
  • Stoops, G. 2021. Guidelines for Analysis and Description of Soil and Regolith Thin Sections. 2nd Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Tedrow, J. C. F. 2004. “Soil Research in Arctic Alaska, Greenland, and Antarctica.” In Cryosols: Permafrost-Affected Soils, edited by J. M. Kimble, 5–16. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Vacco, D. A., P. U. Clark, A. C. Mix, H. Cheng, and R. L. Edwards. 2005. “A Speleothem Record of Younger Dryas Cooling, Klamath Mountains, Oregon, USA.” Quaternary Research 64: 249–256.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. 1985. “Frost Effects in Soils.” Soils and Quaternary Landscape Evolution 117: 158.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. 1987. “Cryoreptation, gélifluxion et coulées boueuses: Une dynamique continue en relation avec le drainage et la stabilité de l'aggrégation cryogénique.” Collection Studies in Geography in Hungary 20: 203–226.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. 1995. “Solifluxion et transferts illuviaux dans les formations périglaciaires litées Etat de la question.” Géomorphologie, Processus et Environnement 2: 85–113.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. 1998. “Frost and Soils: Implications for Paleosols, Paleoclimates and Stratigraphy.” Catena 34 (1-2): 157–183.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. 2004. “Properties and Processes of Cryosols: Introduction.” In Cryosols: Permafrost-affected Soils, edited by J. M. Kimble, 341–346. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. 2010. “Frost Action.” In Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths, edited by Georges Stoopes, Vera Marcelino, and Florias Mees, 575–603. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., C. A. Fox, and S. V. Gubin. 2004. “Micromorphology of Cryosols.” In Cryosols: Permafrost-Affected Soils, edited by J. M. Kimble, 365–390. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Weiner, S. 2010. Microarchaeology: Beyond the Visible Archaeological Record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wriston, T. A. 2003. “The Weed Lake Ditch Site: An Early Holocene Occupation on the Shore of Pluvial Lake Malheur, Harney Basin, Oregon.” MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno.
  • Wriston, T., and G. M. Smith. 2017. “Late Pleistocene to Holocene History of Lake Warner and Its Prehistoric Occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA).” Quaternary Research 88: 491–513.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.