References
- Andrews, Kenneth T., and Michael Biggs. 2006. “The Dynamics of Protest Diffusion: Movement Organizations, Social Networks, and News Media in the 1960 Sit-Ins.” American Sociological Review 71 (5): 752–777. doi:10.1177/000312240607100503.
- Baumgartner, Frank R., Derek A. Epp, Kelsey Shoub, and Bayard Love. 2017. “Targeting Young Men of Color for Search and Arrest During Traffic Stops: Evidence from North Carolina, 2002–2013.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 5 (1): 107–131. doi:10.1080/21565503.2016.1160413.
- Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 2015. The Politics of Information: Problem Definition and the Course of Public Policy in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Bayley, David H. 2008. “Police Reform: Who Done It?” Policing and Society 18 (1): 7–17. doi:10.1080/10439460701718518.
- Berry, Frances Stokes. 1994. “Sizing Up State Policy Innovation Research.” Policy Studies Journal 22 (3): 442–456. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01480.x.
- Berry, Frances Stokes, and William D Berry. 1999. “Innovation and Diffusion Models in Policy Research.” Theories of the Policy Process 169: 5.
- Boehmke, Frederick J., Mark Brockway, Bruce A. Desmarais, Jeffrey J. Harden, Scott LaCombe, Fridolin Linder, and Hanna Wallach. 2020. “SPID: A New Database for Inferring Public Policy Innovativeness and Diffusion Networks.” Policy Studies Journal 48 (2): 517–545. doi:10.1111/psj.12357.
- Boehmke, Frederick J., and Richard Witmer. 2004. “Disentangling Diffusion: The Effects of Social Learning and Economic Competition on State Policy Innovation and Expansion.” Political Research Quarterly 57 (1): 39–51. doi:10.1177/106591290405700104.
- Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Dino P. Christenson, and Alison W. Craig. 2019. “Cue-Taking in Congress: Interest Group Signals from Dear Colleague Letters.” American Journal of Political Science 63 (1): 163–180. doi:10.1111/ajps.12399.
- Bratton, Kathleen A., and Kerry L. Haynie. 1999. “Agenda Setting and Legislative Success in State Legislatures: The Effects of Gender and Race.” The Journal of Politics 61 (3): 658–679. https://doi.org/10.2307/2647822.
- Broockman, David E. 2013. “Black Politicians are More Intrinsically Motivated to Advance Blacks’ Interests: A Field Experiment Manipulating Political Incentives.” American Journal of Political Science 57 (3): 521–536. doi:10.1111/ajps.12018.
- Butts, Carter T. 2008. “Social Network Analysis with SNA.” Journal of Statistical Software 24 (6). doi:10.18637/jss.v024.i06.
- Chermak, Steven, Edmund McGarrell, and Jeff Gruenewald. 2006. “Media Coverage of Police Misconduct and Attitudes Toward Police.” Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management. doi:10.1108/13639510610667664.
- Desmarais, Bruce A., Jeffrey J. Harden, and Frederick J. Boehmke. 2015. “Persistent Policy Pathways: Inferring Diffusion Networks in the American States.” American Political Science Review 109 (2): 392–406. doi:10.1017/S0003055415000040.
- Downs, Anthony. 1972. “Up and Down With Ecology: The Issue Attention Cycle.” The Public Interest, January 28.
- Drakulich, Kevin, John Hagan, Devon Johnson, and Kevin H. Wozniak. 2017. “Race, Justice, Policing, and the 2016 American Presidential Election.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 14 (1): 7–33. doi:10.1017/S1742058X1600031X.
- Drakulich, Kevin, Kevin H. Wozniak, John Hagan, and Devon Johnson. 2020. “Race and Policing in the 2016 Presidential Election: Black Lives Matter, the Police, and Dog Whistle Politics.” Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal 58 (2): 370–402. doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12239.
- Epp, Charles R., Steven Maynard-Moody, and Donald P. Haider-Markel. 2014. Pulled Over: How Police Stops Define Race and Citizenship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Francis, Megan Ming. 2014. Civil Rights and the Making of the Modern American State. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Gerbaudo, Paolo. 2013. “Protest Diffusion and Cultural Resonance in the 2011 Protest Wave.” The International Spectator 48 (4): 86–101. doi:10.1080/03932729.2013.847689.
- Giles, Micheal W., and Kaenan Hertz. 1994. “Racial Threat and Partisan Identification.” American Political Science Review 88 (2): 317–326. doi:10.2307/2944706.
- Gillion, Daniel Q. 2012. “Protest and Congressional Behavior: Assessing Racial and Ethnic Minority Protests in the District.” The Journal of Politics 74 (4): 950–962. doi:10.1017/S0022381612000539.
- Gillion, Daniel Q. 2013. The Political Power of Protest: Minority Activism and Shifts in Public Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Gillion, Daniel Q. 2020. The Loud Minority: Why Protests Matter in American Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Gillion, Daniel Q., and Sarah A. Soule. 2018. “The Impact of Protest on Elections in the United States.” Social Science Quarterly 99 (5): 1649–1664.
- Goel, Sharad, Justin M. Rao, and Ravi Shroff. 2016. “Precinct or Prejudice? Understanding Racial Disparities in New York City's Stop–and–Frisk Policy.” The Annals of Applied Statistics 10 (1): 365–394. doi:10.1214/15-AOAS897.
- Hero, Rodney E. 1998. Faces of Inequality: Social Diversity in American Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Holmes, Malcolm D. 2000. “Minority Threat and Police Brutality: Determinants of Civil Rights Criminal Complaints in U.S. Municipalities.” Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal 38 (2): 343–368. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00893.x.
- Holmes, Malcolm D., Brad W. Smith, Adrienne B. Freng, and Ed A. Muñoz. 2008. “Minority Threat, Crime Control, and Police Resource Allocation in the Southwestern United States.” Crime & Delinquency 54 (1): 128–152. doi:10.1177/0011128707309718.
- Jansa, Joshua M., Eric R. Hansen, and Virginia H. Gray. 2019. “Copy and Paste Lawmaking: Legislative Professionalism and Policy Reinvention in the States.” American Politics Research 47 (4): 739–767. doi:10.1177/1532673X18776628.
- Jones, Bryan D. 1994. Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics: Attention, Choice, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Jones, Bryan D. 2002. “Bounded Rationality and Public Policy: Herbert A. Simon and the Decisional Foundation of Collective Choice.” Policy Sciences 35 (3): 269–284.
- Jones, Bryan D. 2003. “Bounded Rationality and Political Science: Lessons from Public Administration and Public Policy.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART 13 (4): 395–412.
- Jones, Bryan D., and Frank R. Baumgartner. 2005. The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Key, Valdimer Orlando. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: A. A. Knopf.
- King, Gary. 1988. “Statistical Models for Political Science Event Counts: Bias in Conventional Procedures and Evidence for the Exponential Poisson Regression Model.” American Journal of Political Science 32 (3): 838–863. doi:10.2307/2111248.
- Leenders, Roger. 1995. Structure and Influence: Statistical Models for the Dynamics of Actor Attributes. Amsterdam: Network Structure and Their Independence.
- Leenders, Roger. 2002. “Modeling Social Influence Through Network Autocorrelation: Constructing the Weight Matrix.” Social Networks 24 (January): 21–47. doi:10.1016/S0378-8733(01)00049-1.
- Leopold, Joy, and Myrtle P. Bell. 2017. “News Media and the Racialization of Protest: An Analysis of Black Lives Matter Articles.” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. doi:10.1108/EDI-01-2017-0010.
- Linder, Fridolin, and Bruce Desmarais. 2017. “NetworkInference: Inferring Latent Diffusion Networks (version 1.2.4).” https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = NetworkInference.
- Mallinson, Daniel J. 2020. “Policy Innovation Adoption Across the Diffusion Life Course.” Policy Studies Journal. doi:10.1111/psj.12406.
- Mann, Brian. 2013. “Profile: Charles Rangel and the Drug Wars. | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News.” WNYC. 2013. https://www.wnyc.org/story/313060-profile-charles-rangel-and-drug-wars/.
- Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes.’.” The Journal of Politics 61 (3): 628–657. doi:10.2307/2647821.
- Mintrom, Michael. 1997. “Policy Entrepreneurs and the Diffusion of Innovation.” American Journal of Political Science 41 (3): 738–770. doi:10.2307/2111674.
- National Conference of State Legislatures. 2020. “Police-Mental Health Collaboration”. https://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/mental-health-needs-of-criminal-justice.aspx.
- Peay, Periloux C., and John D. Rackey. 2022. “When Good Trouble Sparks Agenda Change: Disentangling the Evolution of the Congressional Black Caucus’ Positions on Police Reform.” Social Science Quarterly. doi:10.1111/ssqu.13104.
- Platt, Matthew B. 2020. “Hoodies on the FloorExploring Black Members’ Legislative Response to Police Brutality.” National Review of Black Politics 1 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1525/nrbp.2020.1.1.69.
- Preuhs, Robert R. 2006. “The Conditional Effects of Minority Descriptive Representation: Black Legislators and Policy Influence in the American States.” Journal of Politics 68 (3): 585–599. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00447.x.
- Schafer, Joseph A., Sean P. Varano, Phillip M. Galli, and Teri Ford. 2020. “Police Supervisor Attitudes Toward Organizational Change.” Journal of Crime and Justice. doi:10.1080/0735648X.2020.1803952.
- Scott, Jamil S., and Nadia E. Brown. 2016. “Scholarship on #BlackLivesMatter and Its Implications on Local Electoral Politics.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 4 (4): 702–708. doi:10.1080/21565503.2016.1236739.
- Shipan, Charles R., and Craig Volden. 2008. “The Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (4): 840–857.
- Shor, Boris, and Nolan McCarty. 2011. “The Ideological Mapping of American Legislatures.” SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1676863. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1676863.
- Simon, Herbert A. 1985. “Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science.” American Political Science Review 79 (2): 293–304. doi:10.2307/1956650.
- Sklansky, David A. 2007. “Seeing Blue: Police Reform, Occupational Culture, and Cognitive Burn-In.” Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, Police Occupational Culture: New Debates and Directions 8: 19–45.
- Smith, Brad W., and Malcolm D. Holmes. 2014. “Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses.” Social Problems 61 (1): 83–104. doi:10.1525/sp.2013.12056.
- Stimson, James A. 2015. Tides of Consent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Szetela, Adam. 2020. “Black Lives Matter at Five: Limits and Possibilities.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 43 (8): 1358–1383. doi:10.1080/01419870.2019.1638955.
- Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. 2016. From# BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
- Thurston, Chloe N. 2018. “Black Lives Matter, American Political Development, and the Politics of Visibility.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 6 (1): 162–170. doi:10.1080/21565503.2017.1420547.
- Toch, Hans. 2008. “Police Officers as Change Agents in Police Reform.” Policing and Society 18 (1): 60–71. doi:10.1080/10439460701718575.
- Ture, Kwame, and Charles V. Hamilton. 1992. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Vintage Books.
- Walker, Jack L. 1969. “The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States.” The American Political Science Review 63 (3): 880–899. doi:10.2307/1954434.
- Wasow, Omar. 2020. “Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting.” American Political Science Review, 1–22. doi:10.1017/S000305542000009X.
- Weitzer, Ronald. 2002. “Incidents of Police Misconduct and Public Opinion.” Journal of Criminal Justice 30 (5): 397–408. doi:10.1016/S0047-2352(02)00150-2.
- Weitzer, Ronald, and Steven A. Tuch. 2004. “Reforming the Police: Racial Differences in Public Support for Change*.” Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal 42 (2): 391–416. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00524.x.
- Williamson, Vanessa, Kris-Stella Trump, and Katherine Levine Einstein. 2018. “Black Lives Matter: Evidence That Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity.” Perspectives on Politics 16 (2): 400–415. doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273.
- Young, Yolanda. 2016. “Analysis: Black Leaders Supported Clinton’s Crime Bill” . https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/analysis-black-leaders-supported-clinton-s-crime-bill-n552961.