1,182
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Paper

An exploratory study to assess patterns of influenza- and pneumonia-related mortality among the Italian elderly

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 5514-5521 | Received 27 May 2021, Accepted 09 Nov 2021, Published online: 29 Dec 2021

References

  • Cassini A, Colzani E, Pini A, Mangen MJ, Plass D, McDonald SA, Maringhini G, van Lier A, Haagsma JA, Havelaar AH, et al. Impact of infectious diseases on population health using incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): results from the burden of communicable diseases in Europe study, European Union and European economic area countries, 2009 to 2013. Euro Surveill. 2018;23: pii=17–00454. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.16.17-00454.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper – November 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2012;87::461–76.
  • de Lusignan S, Correa A, Ellis J, Pebody R. Influenza vaccination: in the UK and across Europe. Br J Gen Pract. 2016;66:452–53. doi:10.3399/bjgp16X686677.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Seasonal influenza vaccination and antiviral use in EU/ EEA Member States. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/seasonal-influenza-antiviral-use-2018.pdf .
  • Haq K, McElhaney JE. Immunosenescence: influenza vaccination and the elderly. Curr Opin Immunol. 2014;29:38–42. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2014.03.008.
  • Tsai TF. Fluad®-MF59®-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in older adults. Infect Chemother. 2013;45:159–74.
  • Calcagnile S, Zuccotti GV. The virosomal adjuvanted influenza vaccine. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010;10(2):191–200. doi:10.1517/14712590903431014.
  • Bragazzi NL, Orsi A, Ansaldi F, Gasparini R, Icardi G. Fluzone® intra-dermal (Intanza®/Istivac® Intra-dermal): an updated overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(10):2616–27. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1187343.
  • Wells C, Grobelna A. High dose influenza vaccine for adults: a review of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and guidelines. Report No: 1922–8147. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2019 [accessed 2021 April 15]. https://www.cadth.ca/high-dose-influenza-vaccine-adults-review-clinical-effectiveness-cost-effectiveness-and-guidelines .
  • Rizzo C, Viboud C, Montomoli E, Simonsen L, Miller MA. Influenza-related mortality in the Italian elderly: no decline associated with increasing vaccination coverage. Vaccine. 2006;24(42–43):6468–75. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.052.
  • Bellino S, Piovesan C, Bella A, Rizzo C, Pezzotti P, Ramigni M. Determinants of vaccination uptake, and influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths and hospital admissions in the elderly population; Treviso, Italy, 2014/2015-2016/2017 seasons. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019:1–12. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1661754.
  • Barbieri M, Capri S, Waure C, Boccalini S, Panatto D. A ge- and risk-related appropriateness of the use of available influenza vaccines in the Italian elderly population is advantageous: results from a budget impact analysis. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017;58(4):E279–E287. doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2017.58.4.867.
  • Italian Ministry of Health. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations for 2020–2021 season. https://www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it/norme/renderNormsanPdf?anno=2020&codLeg=74451&parte=1%20&serie=null .
  • Boccalini S, Tacconi FM, Lai PL, Bechini A, Bonanni P, Panatto D. Appropriateness and preferential use of different seasonal influenza vaccines: a pilot study on the opinion of vaccinating physicians in Italy. Vaccine. 2019;37(7):915–18. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.057.
  • Italian Ministry of Health. Influenza vaccination coverage. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/influenza/dettaglioContenutiInfluenza.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=679&area=influenza&menu=vuoto .
  • Morgenstern H. Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:61–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.000425.
  • Gasparini R, Bonanni P, Amicizia D, Bella A, Donatelli I, Cristina ML, Panatto D, Lai PL. Influenza epidemiology in Italy two years after the 2009-2010 pandemic: need to improve vaccination coverage. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9(3):561–67. doi:10.4161/hv.23235.
  • Italian National Institute of Health. InfluNet. https://www.epicentro.iss.it/influenza/influnet .
  • Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Mortality per cause. http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCIS_CMORTE1_RES.
  • Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Health for all. https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/14562 .
  • Italian National Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) 2020. National system for the elaboration and diffusion of climatic data. http://www.scia.isprambiente.it/wwwrootscia/Home_new.html .
  • European Commission. European shortlist for causes of death published by Eurostat. https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/document/CoD:1 .
  • Moran PA. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika. 1950;37(1–2):17–23. doi:10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17.
  • Anselin L. Under the hood issues in the specification and interpretation of spatial regression models. Agric Econ. 2002;27:247–67. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2002.tb00120.x.
  • Nadkarni P. Core technologies: data mining and “Big Data.” In: Nadkarni P, editor. Clinical research computing: a practitioner’s handbook. Academic Press;2016. p. 187–204. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803130-8.00010-5.
  • Anselin L. Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geogr Anal. 1995;27(2):93–115. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x.
  • R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna (Austria): R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ .
  • Viboud C, Boëlle PY, Cauchemez S, Lavenu A, Valleron AJ, Flahault A, Carrat F. Risk factors of influenza transmission in households. Br J Gen Pract. 2004;54:684–89.
  • Brownstein JS, Kleinman KP, Mandl KD. Identifying pediatric age groups for influenza vaccination using a real-time regional surveillance system. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:686–93. doi:10.1093/aje/kwi257.
  • Glass LM, Glass RJ. Social contact networks for the spread of pandemic influenza in children and teenagers. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:61. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-61.
  • Fumanelli L, Ajelli M, Manfredi P, Vespignani A, Merler S. Inferring the structure of social contacts from demographic data in the analysis of infectious diseases spread. PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(9):e1002673. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002673.
  • Fabiani M, Volpe E, Faraone M, Bella A, Pezzotti P, Chini F. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths among the elderly population; Lazio region, Italy, season 2016-2017. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020;19(5):479–89. doi:10.1080/14760584.2020.1750380.
  • Italian National Institute of Health. FluNews Italia: an integrated influenza surveillance. https://www.epicentro.iss.it/influenza/FluNewsArchivio .
  • Rastogi S, Gross PA, Bonelli J, Dran S, Levandowski RA, Russo C, Weksler ME, Kaye D, Levison M, Abrutyn E, et al. Time to peak serum antibody response to influenza vaccine. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1995;2(1):120–21. doi:10.1128/cdli.2.1.120-121.1995.
  • Sessa A, Costa B, Bamfi F, Bettoncelli G, D’Ambrosio G. The incidence, natural history and associated outcomes of influenza-like illness and clinical influenza in Italy. Fam Pract. 2001;18(6):629–34. doi:10.1093/fampra/18.6.629.
  • Meier CR, Napalkov PN, Wegmüller Y, Jefferson T, Jick H. Population-based study on incidence, risk factors, clinical complications and drug utilization associated with influenza in the United Kingdom. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;19(11):834–42. doi:10.1007/s100960000376.
  • Brüderl J, Ludwig V. Fixed-effects panel regression. In: Wolf C, editor. The Sage handbook of regression analysis and causal inference. Los Angeles (CA): SAGE; 2015. p. 327–57.
  • Bell A, Fairbrother M, Jones K. Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice. Qual Quant. 2019;53:1051–74. doi:10.1007/s11135-018-0802-x.
  • Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Lipsitch M, Mahal A, Zaslavsky AM, Salomon JA. Quantifying child mortality reductions related to measles vaccination. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):e13842. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013842.
  • Hausman J, Taylor W. Panel data and unobservable individual effects. Econometrica 1981;49:1377–98. doi:10.2307/1911406.
  • Moreno-Serra R, Anaya-Montes M, Smith PC. Potential determinants of health system efficiency: evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0216620. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216620.
  • Hone T, Mirelman AJ, Rasella D, Paes-Sousa R, Barreto ML, Rocha R, Millett C. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(11):e1575–e1583. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30409-7.
  • Yan I, Korenromp E, Bendavid E. Mortality changes after grants from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria: an econometric analysis from 1995 to 2010. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:977. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2305-1.
  • Toffolutti V, McKee M, Melegaro A, Ricciardi W, Stuckler D. Austerity, measles and mandatory vaccination: cross-regional analysis of vaccination in Italy 2000-14. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):123–27. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cky178.
  • Chandra S, Kassens-Noor E, Kuljanin G, Vertalka J. A geographic analysis of population density thresholds in the influenza pandemic of 1918-19. Int J Health Geogr. 2013;12:9. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-12-9.
  • Rosano A, Bella A, Gesualdo F, Acampora A, Pezzotti P, Marchetti S, Ricciardi W, Rizzo C. Investigating the impact of influenza on excess mortality in all ages in Italy during recent seasons (2013/14-2016/17 seasons). Int J Infect Dis. 2019;88:127–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.003.
  • Lytras T, Pantavou K, Mouratidou E, Tsiodras S. Mortality attributable to seasonal influenza in Greece, 2013 to 2017: variation by type/subtype and age, and a possible harvesting effect. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(14):1800118. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.14.1800118.
  • Nielsen J, Krause TG, Mølbak K. Influenza-associated mortality determined from all-cause mortality, Denmark 2010/11-2016/17: the FluMOMO model. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2018;12(5):591–604. doi:10.1111/irv.12564.
  • Puzelli S, Di Martino A, Facchini M, Fabiani C, Calzoletti L, Di Mario G, Palmieri A, Affanni P, Camilloni B, Chironna M, et al. Co-circulation of the two influenza B lineages during 13 consecutive influenza surveillance seasons in Italy, 2004–2017. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):990. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4621-z.
  • Affanni P, Colucci ME, Bracchi MT, Capobianco E, Zoni R, Caruso L, Castrucci MR, Puzelli S, Cantarelli A, Veronesi L. Virological surveillance of influenza in the eight epidemic seasons after the 2009 pandemic in Emilia-Romagna (Northern Italy). Acta Biomed. 2019;90(9–S):35–44. doi:10.23750/abm.v90i9-S.8722.
  • Wooldridge JM. Introductory econometrics: a modern approach. Australia; Cincinnati (OH): South-Western College Pub; 2003.
  • Baiocchi G, Distaso W. GRETL: econometric software for the GNU generation. J Appl Econometrics. 2003;18(1):105–10. doi:10.1002/jae.704.
  • Croissant Y, Millo G. Panel data econometrics in R: the plm package. J Stat Softw. 2008;27(2):1–43. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v27/i02/ .
  • Bonanni P, Boccalini S, Zanobini P, Dakka N, Lorini C, Santomauro F, Bechini A. The appropriateness of the use of influenza vaccines: recommendations from the latest seasons in Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(3):699–705. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1388480.
  • Simonsen L, Reichert TA, Viboud C, Blackwelder WC, Taylor RJ, Miller MA. Impact of influenza vaccination on seasonal mortality in the US elderly population. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:265–72.
  • Yedlapati SH, Khan SU, Talluri S, Lone AN, Khan MZ, Khan MS, Navar AM, Gulati M, Johnson H, Baum S, et al. Effects of influenza vaccine on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(6):e019636. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.019636.
  • Fukuta H, Goto T, Wakami K, Kamiya T, Ohte N. The effect of influenza vaccination on mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev. 2019;24(1):109–14. doi:10.1007/s10741-018-9736-6.
  • Domnich A, Cambiaggi M, Vasco A, Maraniello L, Ansaldi F, Baldo V, Bonanni P, Calabrò GE, Costantino C, de Waure C, et al. Attitudes and beliefs on influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative Italian survey. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(4):711. doi:10.3390/vaccines8040711.
  • Nicolay U, Heijnen E, Nacci P, Patriarca PA, Leav B. Immunogenicity of aIIV3, MF59-adjuvanted seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine, in older adults ≥65 years of age: meta-analysis of cumulative clinical experience. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;85S:S1–S9. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.03.026.
  • Domnich A, Arata L, Amicizia D, Puig-Barberà J, Gasparini R, Panatto D. Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2017;35(4):513–20. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.011.