References
- Amone, Charles, and Okullu Muura. 2014. “British Colonialism and the Creation of Acholi Ethnic Identity in Uganda, 1894 to 1962.” The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 42 (2): 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2013.851844
- Apoko, A. 1967. “At Home in the Village: Growing Up in Acholi.” In East African Childhood: Three Versions, edited by L.K. Fox, 45–83. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
- Arnold, D., and E. Dewald. 2011. “Cycles of Empowerment? The Bicycle and Everyday Technology in Colonial India and Vietnam.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 53 (4): 971–996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417511000478
- Atkinson, R.R. 1989. “The Evolution of Ethnicity among the Acholi of Uganda: The Precolonial Phase.” Ethnohistory 36 (1): 19–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/482739
- Atkinson, R.R. 1994. The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi of Uganda Before 1800. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Behrend, H. 1999. Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985–97. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Brooks, R. 1997. The Scars of Death: Children Abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army in Uganda. New York: Human Rights Watch.
- Curley, R.T. 1973. Elders, Shades, and Women. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- De Bruijn, M., F. Nyamnjoh, and I. Brinkman, eds. 2009. Mobile Phones: The New Talking Drum of Everyday Africa. Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG.
- Finnström, S. 2008. Living with Bad Surroundings: War, History, and Everyday Moments in Northern Uganda. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Gewald, J., S. Luning, and K. van Walraven, eds. 2009. The Speed of Change: Motor Vehicles and People in Africa, 1890–2000. Leiden: Brill.
- Goodfellow, T. 2015. “Taming the ‘Rogue’ Sector: Studying State Effectiveness in Africa through Informal Transport Politics.” Comparative Politics 47 (2): 127–147. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041515814224462
- Grace, J. 2022. African Motors: Technology, Gender, and the History of Development. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Gulu District. 2008. Annual Report: Non-Governmental Organisation in Acholi. Gulu, Uganda: J.B. Enterprise.
- Gulu District. 2009. “Annual Police Report.” Unpublished report.
- Hahn, H.P. 2012. “The Appropriation of Bicycles in West Africa.” Transfers 2: 31–48. https://doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020204
- Hart, J. 2016. Ghana on the Go: African Mobility in the Age of Motor Transportation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Higgins, S. 1966. “Acholi Birth Customs.” Uganda Journal 30 (2): 175–188.
- Howe, J. 2003. “‘Filling the Middle’: Uganda’s Appropriate Transport Services.” Transport Reviews 23 (2): 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640309890
- Hunt, N.R. 1994. “Letter-writing, Nursing Men and Bicycles in the Belgian Congo: Notes Towards the Social Identity of a Colonial Category.” In Paths Toward the Past: African Historical Essays in Honor of Jan Vansina, edited by R.W. Harms, J.C. Miller, D.S. Newbury, and M.D. Wagner, 187–210. Atlanta, GA: African Studies Association Press.
- Hunt, N.R. 1999. A Colonial Lexicon: Of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in the Congo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Isaacman, F.A., and B.S. Isaacman. 2013. Dams, Displacement, and the Delusion of Development: Cahora Bassa and Its Legacies in Mozambique, 1965–2007. Athens: Ohio University Press.
- Klaeger, G. 2009. “Religion on the Road: The Spiritual Experience of Road Travel in Ghana.” In The Speed of Change: Motor Vehicles and People in Africa, 1890–2000, edited by J.B. Gewald, S. Luning, and K. van Walraven, 212–231. Leiden: Brill.
- Kyemba, H. 1977. A State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin. New York: Ace Books.
- Lloyd, A.B. 1907. Uganda to Khartoum: Life and Adventure on the Upper Nile. London: T.F. Unwin.
- Lloyd-Jones, R., and M.J. Lewis. 2000. Raleigh and the British Bicycle Industry: An Economic and Business History, 1870–1960. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Luning, S. 2009. “A Chief’s Fatal Car Accident: Political History and Moral Geography in Burkina Faso.” In The Speed of Change: Motor Vehicles and People in Africa, 1890–2000, edited by J.B. Gewald, S. Luning, and K. van Walraven, 232–252. Leiden: Brill.
- Macola, G. 2016. The Guns in Central Africa: A History of Technology and Politics. Athens: Ohio University Press.
- Malandra, A. 1939. “The Ancestral Shrine of the Acholi.” Uganda Journal 7 (1): 27–43.
- Mavhunga, C.C. 2014. Transient Workspaces: Technologies of Everyday Innovation in Zimbabwe. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Mavhunga, C.C. 2016. “Guerilla Healthcare Innovation: Creative Resilience in Zimbabwe’s Chimurenga, 1971–1980.” History and Technology 31 (3): 295–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2015.1129205
- McCracken, J. 2012. “Bicycles in Colonial Malawi: A Short History.” The Society of Malawi Journal 64 (1): 1–12.
- Monson, J. 2011. Africa’s Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Mutongi, K. 2017. Matatu: A History of Popular Transportation in Nairobi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Negri, A. 1984. Gli Acioli del Nord Uganda. Verona, Italy: Centro Comboniano per la Conoscenza Dell'Africa.
- Ocitti, S. 1973. “Some Aspect of Jok Among the Acholi.” BA Thesis. Makerere University.
- Ocitti, J.P. 1973. “The Urban Geography of Gulu.” Occasional Paper 49. Makerere University, Department of Geography.
- Okello, P. 1982. “Kwona-na Macek” [A short story of my life]. Unpublished manuscript.
- Okello, S. 1984. Lobo Acholi. Gulu: Gulu Printing Press.
- Omara-Otunnu, A. 1987. Politics and the Military in Uganda, 1890–1985. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
- Opira, D. 1988. The Life of Chief Donasiano Opira. Gulu: Anyadwe Printing.
- Otema, S. 1988. Kwo-wa I Kare PaMuni [Our lives in the colonial era]. Gulu: Computer Printing.
- Otto, F. 1990. “Kwo Mamega calo Abili” [My life as a policeman]. Unpublished manuscript.
- Owiny, C. 1990. “Kwo-na Ducu I Acholi” [My whole life in acholi]. Unpublished manuscript.
- Oyet, J. 2001. Bedo Lapwony [Life as a teacher]. Gulu: Gulu Computer Point.
- p’Bitek, O. 1963. “The Concept of Jok Among the Acholi and Lango.” Uganda Journal 27 (1): 15–30.
- p’Bitek, O. 1971. Religion of the Central Luo. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.
- Peterson, D. 2012. Ethnic Patriotism and the East African Revival: A History of Dissent, c.1935–1972. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Prestholdt, J. 2008. Domesticating the World: African Consumerism and the Genealogies of Globalization. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Ranger, T. 2003. “Bicycles and the Social History of Bulawayo.” In Short Writings from Bulawayo, edited by Jane Morris, 76–81. Bulawayo: Amabooks.
- Schoenbrun, D. 2006. “Conjuring the Modern in Africa: Durability and Rupture in Histories of Public Healing Between the Great Lakes of East Africa.” The American Historical Review 111 (5): 1403–1439. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.5.1403
- Seligman, C.G., and B.Z. Seligman. 1932. Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. London: George Routledge and Sons.
- Uma, F.K. 1971. “The Acoli-Arab-Nubian Relation in the Nineteenth Century.” BA Thesis. Makerere University.
- Verrips, J., and B. Meyer. 2008. “Kwaku’s Car: The Struggles and Stories of a Ghanaian Long-Distance Taxi-Driver.” In Readings in Modernity in Africa, edited by P. Geschiere, B. Meyer, and P. Pels, 154–164. Bloomington: The International African Institute in Association with Indiana University Press.