Immune reconstitution efficacy after combination antiretroviral therapy in male HIV-1 infected patients with homosexual and heterosexual transmission

References

• Xu JJ, Han MJ, Jiang YJ, et al. Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in China: lessons from the past three decades. Chin Med J. 2021;134(23):2799–2809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James A, Dixit NM. Transmitted HIV-1 is more virulent in heterosexual individuals than men-who-have-sex-with-men. PLoS Pathog. 2022;18(3):e1010319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesar C, Jenkins CA, Shepherd BE, et al. Incidence of virological failure and major regimen change of initial combination antiretroviral therapy in the Latin America and the Caribbean: an observational cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(11):e492–e500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrecilla García E, Yebra Sanz G, Llácer-Delicado T, et al. Clinical, epidemiological and treatment failure data among HIV-1 non-B-infected patients in the Spanish AIDS Research Network Cohort. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2016;34(6):353–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan D, Liu M, Jia P, et al. Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriquiry G, Fink V, Koethe JR, et al. Mortality and loss to follow-up among HIV-infected persons on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Latin America and the Caribbean. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(1):20016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao DC, Wen Y, Ma Y, et al. Expansion of China's free antiretroviral treatment program. Chin Med J. 2012;125(19):3514–3521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang F, Dou Z, Ma Y, et al. Five-year outcomes of the China national free antiretroviral treatment program. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang F, Haberer JE, Wang Y, et al. The Chinese free antiretroviral treatment program: challenges and responses. Aids. 2007;21(Suppl. 8):S143–S148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge Y, Liu Y, Fu G, et al. The molecular epidemiological and immunological characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE/B recombinants in Nanjing, China. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:936502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negredo E, Massanella M, Puig J, et al. Nadir CD4 T cell count as predictor and high CD4 T cell intrinsic apoptosis as final mechanism of poor CD4 T cell recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients: clinical implications. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(9):1300–1308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tincati C, Merlini E, Braidotti P, et al. Impaired gut junctional complexes feature late-treated individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery upon virologically suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy. Aids. 2016;30(7):991–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge Z, Feng Y, Li K, et al. Crf01_AE and CRF01_AE cluster 4 are associated with poor immune recovery in Chinese patients under combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(10):1799–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SS, Wong NS, Wong BCK, et al. Combining CD4 recovery and CD4: CD8 ratio restoration as an indicator for evaluating the outcome of continued antiretroviral therapy: an observational cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Wang L, Hou Y, et al. Immune restoration in HIV-1-infected patients after 12 years of antiretroviral therapy: a real-world observational study. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):2550–2561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Su B, Zhang X, et al. Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders. J Leukoc Biol. 2020;107(4):597–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanjako D, Kiragga AN, Musick BS, et al. Frequency and impact of suboptimal immune recovery on first-line antiretroviral therapy within the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS in East Africa. Aids. 2016;30(12):1913–1922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Lelyveld SF, Gras L, Kesselring A, et al. Long-term complications in patients with poor immunological recovery despite virological successful HAART in Dutch ATHENA cohort. Aids. 2012;26(4):465–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu X, Liang B, Zhou C, et al. HIV late presentation and advanced HIV disease among patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in Southwestern China: a large-scale cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther. 2019;16(1):6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun C, Li J, Liu X, et al. HIV/AIDS late presentation and its associated factors in China from 2010 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Res Ther. 2021;18(1):96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rava M, Bisbal O, Domínguez-Domínguez L, et al. Late presentation for HIV impairs immunological but not virological response to antiretroviral treatment. Aids. 2021;35(8):1283–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tully DC, Ogilvie CB, Batorsky RE, et al. Differences in the selection bottleneck between modes of sexual transmission influence the genetic composition of the HIV-1 founder virus. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(5):e1005619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson JM, Schaefer M, Monaco DC, et al. Selection bias at the heterosexual HIV-1 transmission bottleneck. Science. 2014;345(6193):1254031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theys K, Libin P, Pineda-Peña AC, et al. The impact of HIV-1 within-host evolution on transmission dynamics. Curr Opin Virol. 2018;28:92–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijmeijer BM, Geijtenbeek TBH. Negative and positive selection pressure during sexual transmission of transmitted founder HIV-1. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song R, Hall HI, Green TA, et al. Using CD4 data to estimate HIV incidence, prevalence, and percent of undiagnosed infections in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;74(1):3–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzola L, Tincati C, Bellistrì GM, et al. The absence of CD4+ T cell count recovery despite receipt of virologically suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy: clinical risk, immunological gaps, and therapeutic options. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(3):328–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roul H, Mary-Krause M, Ghosn J, et al. CD4+ cell count recovery after combined antiretroviral therapy in the modern combined antiretroviral therapy era. Aids. 2018;32(17):2605–2614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Titanji K, Sheth AN, et al. The effect of age on CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-suppressed adult participants: a sub-study from AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) A5321 and the Bone Loss and Immune Reconstitution (BLIR) study. Immun Ageing. 2022;19(1):4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayarsaikhan S, Jagdagsuren D, Gunchin B, et al. Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0247929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroeze S, Ondoa P, Kityo CM, et al. Suboptimal immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy with sustained HIV suppression in sub-Saharan Africa. Aids. 2018;32(8):1043–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lembas A, Załęski A, Mikuła T, et al. Evaluation of clinical biomarkers related to CD4 recovery in HIV-infected patients-5-year observation. Viruses. 2022;14:10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chehimi J, Azzoni L, Farabaugh M, et al. Baseline viral load and immune activation determine the extent of reconstitution of innate immune effectors in HIV-1-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral treatment. J Immunol. 2007;179(4):2642–2650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Xue Y, Zhou L, et al. Evidence that HIV-1 CRF01_AE Is associated with Low CD4+T cell count and CXCR4 Co-receptor usage in recently infected young Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye J, Chen J, Wang J, et al. CRF07_BC is associated with slow HIV disease progression in Chinese patients. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):3773.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raffi F, Le Moing V, Assuied A, et al. Failure to achieve immunological recovery in HIV-infected patients with clinical and virological success after 10 years of combined ART: role of treatment course. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(1):240–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weijsenfeld AM, Blokhuis C, Stuiver MM, et al. Longitudinal virological outcomes and factors associated with virological failure in behaviorally HIV-infected young adults on combination antiretroviral treatment in The Netherlands, 2000 to 2015. Medicine. 2019;98(32):e16357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remien RH, Dolezal C, Wagner GJ, et al. The association between poor antiretroviral adherence and unsafe sex: differences by gender and sexual orientation and implications for scale-up of treatment as prevention. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(8):1541–1547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon JM, Braksmajer A, Zhang C, et al. Syndemic factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adult heterosexual men. AIDS Res Ther. 2019;16(1):32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Badry E, Macharia G, Claiborne D, et al. Better viral control despite higher CD4(+) T cell activation during acute HIV-1 infection in Zambian women Is linked to the Sex hormone estradiol. J Virol. 2020;94:16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathad JS, Gupte N, Balagopal A, et al. Sex-related differences in inflammatory and immune activation markers before and after combined antiretroviral therapy initiation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;73(2):123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar