Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater by quantitative PCR and digital PCR: a case study in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, China

References

• Ahmed W, Tscharke B, Bertsch PM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA monitoring in wastewater as a potential early warning system for COVID-19 transmission in the community: a temporal case study. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:144216. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claro ICM, Cabral AD, Augusto MR, et al. Long-term monitoring of SARS-COV-2 RNA in wastewater in Brazil: a more responsive and economical approach. Water Res. 2021 Sep 15;203:117534. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Zhang S, Sherchan S, et al. Correlation between SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater and COVID-19 cases in community: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jan 5;441:129848. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng X, Li S, Deng Y, et al. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater treatment plants mirrors the pandemic trend in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Oct 20;844:157121. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randazzo W, Truchado P, Cuevas-Ferrando E, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area. Water Res. 2020 Aug 15;181:115942. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves J, Koritnik T, Mioč V, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospital wastewater from a low COVID-19 disease prevalence area. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 10;755(Pt 2):143226. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143226
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ou G, Tang Y, Niu S, et al. Wastewater surveillance and an automated robot: effectively tracking SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the post-epidemic era. Natl Sci Rev. 2023 Jun;10(6):nwad089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bivins A, North D, Ahmad A, et al. Wastewater-based epidemiology: global collaborative to maximize contributions in the fight against COVID-19. Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jul 7;54(13):7754–7757. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c02388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li R, Pei S, Chen B, et al. Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Science. 2020;368(6490):489–493. doi:10.1126/science.abb3221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He X, Lau EHY, Wu P, et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020 May;26(5):672–675. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. Jama. 2020 Apr 21;323(15):1488–1494. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu F, Xiao A, Zhang J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater foreshadow dynamics and clinical presentation of new COVID-19 cases. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 20;805:150121. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamza IA, Jurzik L, Uberla K, et al. Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and torque teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water. Water Res. 2011 Jan;45(3):1358–1368. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosario K, Symonds EM, Sinigalliano C, et al. Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov;75(22):7261–7267. doi:10.1128/AEM.00410-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachmadi AT, Kitajima M, Pepper IL, et al. Enteric and indicator virus removal by surface flow wetlands. Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;542(Pt A):976–982. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu X, Wang L, Sakthivel SK, et al. US CDC real-time reverse transcription PCR panel for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;26(8):1654–1665. doi:10.3201/eid2608.201246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(3):2000045. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamouda M, Mustafa F, Maraqa M, et al. Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: lessons learnt from recent studies to define future applications. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 10;759:143493. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho J, Stange C, Suhrborg R, et al. SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance in Germany: long-term RT-digital droplet PCR monitoring, suitability of primer/probe combinations and biomarker stability. Water Res. 2022 Feb 15;210:117977. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epidemic situation of COVID-19 infection in China. Available from: https://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/
   Google Scholar
• Flood MT, D'Souza N, Rose JB, et al. Methods evaluation for rapid concentration and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater using droplet digital and quantitative RT-PCR. Food Environ Virol. 2021 Sep;13(3):303–315. doi:10.1007/s12560-021-09488-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed W, Simpson SL, Bertsch PM, et al. Minimizing errors in RT-PCR detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for wastewater surveillance. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 20;805:149877. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciesielski M, Blackwood D, Clerkin T, et al. Assessing sensitivity and reproducibility of RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. J Virol Methods. 2021 Nov;297:114230. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed W, Bivins A, Metcalfe S, et al. Evaluation of process limit of detection and quantification variation of SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR assays for wastewater surveillance. Water Res. 2022 Feb 3;213:118132. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Aoust PM, Mercier E, Montpetit D, et al. Quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater solids in communities with low COVID-19 incidence and prevalence. Water Res. 2021 Jan 1;188:116560. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strati A, Zavridou M, Paraskevis D, et al. Development and analytical validation of a one-step five-plex RT-ddPCR assay for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts in clinical samples. Anal Chem. 2022 Sep 13;94(36):12314–12322. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedim AP, Almansa R, Domínguez-Gil M, et al. Comparison of real-time and droplet digital PCR to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA in plasma. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021 Jun;51(6):e13501. doi:10.1111/eci.13501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Wang J, Zhang S, et al. Simultaneous quantification of hepatitis A virus and norovirus genogroup I and II by triplex droplet digital PCR. Food Microbiol. 2022 May;103:103933. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2021.103933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rački N, Dreo T, Gutierrez-Aguirre I, et al. Reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR shows high resilience to PCR inhibitors from plant, soil and water samples. Plant Methods. 2014;10(1):42. doi:10.1186/s13007-014-0042-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiwari A, Lipponen A, Hokajärvi AM, et al. Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater influent in relation to reported COVID-19 incidence in Finland. Water Res. 2022 May 15;215:118220. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrillo-Reyes J, Barragán-Trinidad M, Buitrón G. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and wastewater treatment plants in Mexico. J Water Process Eng. 2021 Apr;40:101815. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101815
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D'Aoust PM, Graber TE, Mercier E, et al. Catching a resurgence: increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in wastewater 48 h before COVID-19 clinical tests and 96 h before hospitalizations. Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 20;770:145319. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giraud-Billoud M, Cuervo P, Altamirano JC, et al. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater as an epidemiological surveillance tool in Mendoza, Argentina. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Nov 20;796:148887. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthikeyan S, Levy JI, De Hoff P, et al. Wastewater sequencing reveals early cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission. Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7925):101–108. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05049-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Toit A. Sewer biofilms and SARS-CoV-2. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 May;21(5):277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent-Hubert F, Wacrenier C, Desdouits M, et al. Development of passive samplers for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and seawater: application for the monitoring of sewage. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 10;833:155139. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kevill JL, Lambert-Slosarska K, Pellett C, et al. Assessment of two types of passive sampler for the efficient recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses from wastewater. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 4):156580. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156580
   PubMedGoogle Scholar