Prevalence of hypothermia and critical hand temperatures during military cold water immersion training

References

• Lieberman HR, Castellani JW, Young AJ. Cognitive function and mood during acute cold stress after extended military training and recovery. Aviat space environ med. 2009;80(7):629–8. doi: 10.3357/ASEM.2431.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittmers LE, Savage MV. Cold water immersion. In: Wenger B, editor. Medical aspects of harsh environments, Vol 1. Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army, Falls Church. Virginia: Government Printing Office; 2001. p. 531–549.
   Google Scholar
• Lee DT, Toner MM, McArdle WD, et al. Thermal and metabolic responses to cold-water immersion at knee, hip, and shoulder levels. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82(5):1523–1530. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Navy Task Force on Climate Change. The United States Navy Arctic roadmap for 2014 to 2030. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; 2014. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=756030
   Google Scholar
• Cheung SS, Montie DL, White MD, et al. Changes in manual dexterity following short- term hand and forearm immersion in 10°C water. Aviat space environ med. 2003;74(9):990–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenith G, Heus R, Daanen HA. The hand in the cold, performance and risk. Arct Med Res. 1995;54 Suppl 2:37–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrone P, Asensio JA, Marini CP. Management of accidental hypothermia and cold injury. Curr Probl Surg. 2014;51(10):417–431. doi: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2014.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilcher JJ, Nadler E, Busch C. Effects of hot and cold temperature exposure on performance: A meta-analytic review. Ergonomics. 2002;45(10):682–698. doi: 10.1080/00140130210158419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dow J, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, et al. Wilderness Medical Society clinical practice guidelines for the out-of- hospital evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia: 2019 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2019;30(4):S47–S69. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh SE, Freer L, Grissom CK, et al. Wilderness Medical Society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2019 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2019;30(4):S19–S32. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DJ, Brugger H, Boyd J, et al. Accidental hypothermia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(20):1930–1938. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1114208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Update: Cold weather injuries, active and reserve components, US armed forces, July 2016–June 2021. MSMR. 2021;28(10):2–10.
   Google Scholar
• Enander AN. Effects of moderate cold on performance of psychomotor and cognitive tasks. Ergonomics. 1987;30(10):1431–1445. doi: 10.1080/00140138708966037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney CR, Castellani J, Kramer FM, et al. Tyrosine supplementation mitigates working memory decrements during cold exposure. Physiol Behav. 2007;92(4):575–582. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng Q, Holmér I, Hartog DE, et al. Temperature limit values for touching cold surfaces with the fingertip. Ann Work Expo Health. 2006;50(8):851–862.
   Google Scholar
• Heus R, Daanen HA, Havenith G. Physiological criteria for functioning of hands in the cold: A review. Appl Ergon. 1995;26(1):5–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-6870(94)00004-I
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones D, Weller R, Eggan S, et al. Influence of core temperature on psychomotor performance during cold weather military training. J Hum Perform Extreme Environ. 2022;17(1): Article 3. doi: 10.7771/2327-2937.1149
   Google Scholar
• Beckman EL, Reeves E, Goldman RF. Current concepts and practices applicable to the control of body heat loss in aircrew subjected to water immersion. Aerosp Med. 1966;37(4):348–357.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stephens JM, Halson SL, Miller J, et al. Effect of body composition on physiological responses to cold-water immersion and the recovery of exercise performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(3):382–389. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough L, Arora S. Diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia. Am Fam Physician. 2004;70(12):2325–2332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daanen HA. Manual performance deterioration in the cold estimated using the wind chill equivalent temperature. Ind Health. 2009;47(3):262–270. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.47.262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn TL, Jones DM, Heaney JH. Cold entropy: Assessing individual differences in cognitive adaptability during cold stress. Ecological Psychology. 2022;34(1–2):19–47. doi: 10.1080/10407413.2022.2055473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper CK, Jones DM, Rostomily KA, et al. Performance of intravenous insertion is impaired following cold water immersion in military medical providers. Med & Sci In Sports & Ex. 2017;49(5S):285. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517639.17261.1d
   Google Scholar