Human performance and medical treatment during cold weather operations – synthesis of a symposium

References

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Science and Technology Organisation (STO). Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM). Human performance and medical treatment and support during cold weather operations. NATO STO HFM Meeting Proceedings 349. Washington DC, USA, 19-21 October 2022. NATO Collaboration Support Office, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France. 2023.
   Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD). The support of air operations under extreme hot and cold weather conditions. AGARD Report No. 540. Proceeding of symposium, Victoria, Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Paris, France: AGARD Neuilly-sur-Seine. 17-21 May 1993.
   Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Research and Technology Organisation (RTO). Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM). Blowing hot and cold: protecting against climatic extremes. NATO RTO Meeting Proceedings 76. Dresden, Germany 8-10 October 2001. NATO RTO, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France. 2002.
   Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Research and Technology Organisation (RTO). Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM). Prevention of Cold Injuries. NATO RTO HFM Meeting Proceedings 126. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 19-20 May 2005. NATO RTO, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Research and Technology Organisation (RTO). Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM). Soldiers in cold environments. NATO RTO HFM Meeting Proceedings 168. Helsinki, Finland, 20-22 April 2009. NATO RTO, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France. 2002.
   Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Science and Technology Organisation (STO). Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM). Cold extreme environmental operations: optimizing warfighter performance in extreme cold. NATO STO HFM Meeting Proceedings 255. Kjeller, Norway, 28-30 October 2014. NATO Collaboration Support Office, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Potter AW, Looney DP, Friedl KE. Use case for predictive physiological models: tactical insights about frozen Russian soldiers in Ukraine. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2194504. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2194504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X, Rioux T, Friedl K, et al. Development of interactive guidance for cold exposure using a thermoregulatory model. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2190485. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2190485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingma B, Sullivan-Kwantes W, Castellani J, et al. We are all exposed, but some are more exposed than others. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2199492. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2199492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis T. Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart. 1930;15:177–12.
   Google Scholar
• Keramidas ME, Kölegård R, Gäng P, et al. Acral skin vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to hand cooling following 5 days of intermittent whole body cold exposure. Am J Physiol. 2022;323(1):R1–R15. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00021.2022
   Google Scholar
• Fischer FR. Protection and functioning of the hands in cold climates. Proceedings of a conference held at the Quartermaster Research and Development Command, Natick, Massachusetts, 23-24 Apr 1956. National Research Council-National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC. 179 pp. 1957.
   Google Scholar
• Boyd JWR, Weller AS Aircrew glove cold protection: defining thermal requirements accounting for loss of manual dexterity. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel 349 (STO-MP-HFM-349) Human performance and medical treatment and support during cold weather operations. Arlington, Washington D.C., October 17-19, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Teien HK, Rones N, Renberg J. Training videos to prevent cold weather injuries. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2195137. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2195137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallinen K, Ojanen T. Cognitive performance among Finnish paratroopers during and after 20-day winter military field training. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1): in press. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2225896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn TL, Jones D Low hand temperature predicts individual differences in cognitive adaptability during cold water immersion. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel 349 (STO-MP-HFM-349) Human performance and medical treatment and support during cold weather operations. Arlington, Washington D.C., October 17-19, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng W, Weller R, McClintock R, et al. Altered neural network oscillations and impaired cognitive performance during military cold water immersion training. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel 349 (STO-MP-HFM-349). Human performance and medical treatment and support during cold weather operations. Arlington, Washington D.C., October 17-19, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Mekjavic IB, Golden FSC, Eglin M, et al. Thermal status of saturation divers during operational dives in the North sea. Undersea Hyperbaric Med. 2001;28:149–155.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan-Kwantes W, Tikuisis P. Extremity cooling during an arctic diving training exercise. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2190488. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2190488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders S, Furby W, Chillingsworth K, et al. A preliminary study of the thermal strain experienced by dive support boat personnel. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2199491. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2199491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekjavic IB, Tipton MJ, Gennser M, et al. Motion sickness potentiates core cooling during immersion in humans. J Physiol. 2001;535(2):619–623. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00619.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden FSC. Death after rescue from immersion in cold water. J Royal Navy Med Serv. 1973;59(1):5–8. doi: 10.1136/jrnms-59-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wheelock CE, Bartman NE, Pryor RR, et al. Prediction of core temperature during prolonged cold weather immersion in thermally protected men and women. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel 349 (STO-MP-HFM-349) Human performance and medical treatment and support during cold weather operations. Arlington, Washington D.C., October 17-19, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Hock CW, Sookne AW, Harris M. Thermal properties of Moist Fabrics. J Res National Bureau Standards. 1944;32(5):229–252. doi: 10.6028/jres.032.012
   Google Scholar
• Shattock MJ, Tipton MJ. ‘Autonomic conflict’: a different way to die during cold water immersion? J Physiol. 2012;590(14):3219–3230. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.229864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundell RV, Ojanen T. A systematic review of HRV during diving in very cold water. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2203369. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2203369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones D, Weller RS, McClintock RJ, et al. Prevalence of hypothermia and critical hand temperatures during military cold water immersion training. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):in review. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2236777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojanen T, Pihlainen K, Vaara JP, et al. Physiological and physical performance changes during a 20-day winter military training course and its subsequent 10-day recovery period. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2207287. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2207287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pihlainen K, Ojanen T, Vaara JP, et al. Effects of paratroopers’ initial body composition on changes in physical performance and recovery during 20 day winter military field training. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel 349 (STO-MP-HFM-349) Human performance and medical treatment and support during cold weather operations. Arlington, Washington D.C., October 17-19, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Vaara JP, Eränen L, Ojanen T, et al. Can physiological and psychological factors predict dropout from intense 10-day winter military survival training? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):9064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17239064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis LM, Pasiakos SM. Performance nutrition for cold-weather military operations. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2192392. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2192392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs I Fueling shivering in humans during cold water immersion. Proceedings of the AGARD-540 meeting. Support of Air Operations under Extreme Hot and Cold Weather Conditions. Aerospace Medical Symposium Panel, Victoria, Canada. 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Passias TC, Meneilly GS, Mekjavic IB. Effect of hypoglycemia on thermoregulatory responses. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80(3):1021–1032. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.3.1021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellani JW, Mahoney C, O’Brien C Tyrosine supplementation attenuates cognitive and psychomotor performance deficits in cold environments. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel 168 (RTO-MP-HFM-168). Soldiers in Cold Environment, Helsinki, Finland; 2009. p. 38-1 to 38–15.
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg T, Kristoffersen A, Bjerkan G, et al. Freezing cold injuries among soldiers in the Norwegian Armed Forces – a cross sectional study. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1): in final revision. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2227344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norheim AJ, Sullivan-Kwantes W, Steinberg T, et al. The classification of freezing cold injuries-a NATO research task group position paper. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2203923. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2203923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe J, Warner M. Can iloprost be used for treatment of cold weather injury at the point of wounding in a forward operating environment? A literature review. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2210340. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2210340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier J, Morris-Janzen D, Poole A. Iloprost for the treatment of frostbite: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2189552. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2189552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norheim AJ, Borud E, Mercer JB, et al. Botulinum Toxin a in the treatment of frostbite sequelae–results from a blinded, early-phase, comparative trial. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2189556. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2189556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Groot W. Surviving a C-130 accident in the Canadian high arctic. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994;65(8):764–767.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rund TJ. Casualty evacuation in arctic and extreme cold environments: a paradigm shift for traumatic hypothermia management in tactical combat casualty care. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2196047. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2196047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner R, Beres Y, Oberst A, et al. Analysis of tourniquet pressure over military winter clothing and a short review of combat casualty care in cold weather warfare. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1):2194141. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2194141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe J, Warner B. Optimising “reachback” capabilities to maintain operational effectiveness – lessons from military practice. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1): in press. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2230633.
   Google Scholar
• Howes RJ, Evans J, Keenan ACM, et al. Operating in the cold weather environment–a medical officer’s perspective. J Royal Naval Med Serv. 2011;97(2):62–65. doi: 10.1136/jrnms-97-62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferraby DH, Hayhurst D, Strachan R, et al. Musculoskeletal injuries in UK service personnel and the impact of in-theatre rehabilitation during cold weather warfare training: exercise CETUS 2020. BMJ Mil Health 2022; e001972
   Google Scholar