Situating the social sciences in responsible innovation in the global south: the case of gene drive mosquitoes

References

• Abramowitz, S. A., K. Bardosh, M. Leach, B. Hewlett, M. Nichter, and V. K. Nguyen. 2015. “Social Science Intelligence in the Global Ebola Response.” The Lancet 385 (9965): 330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60119-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• African Union and The New Economic Partnership for Africa’s Development \(A.U. and NEPAD. 2018. Gene Drives for Malaria Control and Elimination in Africa. Midrand: South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• African Union Development Agency - NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD). 2020. Annual Report 2020. Midrand: South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Allgaier, J., and A. L. Svalastog. 2015. “The Communication Aspects of the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Western Africa–do we Need to Counter one, two, or Many Epidemics?” Croatian Medical Journal 56 (5): 496–499. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2015.56.496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anoko, J., and D. Henry. 2020. Balancing Burial Rituals with Public Health Demands During the 2014 Guinean Ebola Epidemic. SSHAP Case Study Issue 8, UNICEF, IDS and Anthrologica.
   Google Scholar
• Anugwom, E. 2004. “African Social Sciences and Development in the New Century: Challenges and Prospects.” African Development Review: African Development Bank 16 (2): 399–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2004.00.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmer, A. S., J. Calvert, C. Marris, S. Molyneux-Hodgson, E. Frow, M. Kearnes, K. Bulpin, et al. 2015. “Taking Roles in Interdisciplinary Collaborations: Reflections on Working in Post-ELSI Spaces in the UK Synthetic Biology Community.” Science & Technology Studies 28 (3): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.55340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardosh, K. 2014. “Global Aspirations, Local Realities: The Role of Social Science Research in Controlling Neglected Tropical Diseases.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty 3 (35): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-3-35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bardosh, K., I. Gercama, and J. Bedford. 2019. Social Science and Behavioural Data Compilation (No. 3), Ebola Outbreak Eastern DRC February-May 2019. Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform.
   Google Scholar
• Barry, N., P. Toé, L. Pare Toe, J. Lezaun, M. Drabo, R. C. Dabiré, and A. Diabate. 2020. “Motivations and Expectations Driving Community Participation in Entomological Research Projects: Target Malaria as a Case Study in Bana, Western Burkina Faso.” Malaria Journal 19 (199): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03277-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett, N. J., R. Roth, S. C. Klain, K. Chan, P. Christie, D. A. Clark, G. Cullman, et al. 2017. “Conservation Social Science: Understanding and Integrating Human Dimensions to Improve Conservation.” Biological Conservation 205: 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). 2020. Awarded Grants. Accessed 1 August, 2023. https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2019. “Reflecting on Reflexive Thematic Analysis.” Qualitative Research in Sport.” Exercise and Health 11 (4): 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs, R. C., and S. Weathers. 2016. “Gender and Location in African Politics Scholarship: The Other White Man's Burden?” African Affairs 115 (460): 466–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adx033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callaway, E. 2018. “UN Treat Agrees to Limit Gene Drives but Rejects a Moratorium.” Nature, November 29. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07600-w.
   Google Scholar
• Callon, M. 1999. “The Role of lay People in the Production and Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge.” Science, Technology and Society 4 (1): 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971721899004001.
   Google Scholar
• Chu, K. M., S. Jayaraman, P. Kyamanywa, and G. Ntakiyiruta. 2014. “Building Research Capacity in Africa: Equity and Global Health Collaborations.” PLoS Medicine 11 (3): e1001612. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Campos, A. S., S. Hartley, C. de Koning, J. Lezaun, and L. Velho. 2017. “Responsible Innovation and Political Accountability: Genetically Modified Mosquitoes in Brazil.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 4 (1): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2017.1326257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Graeff, N., K. R. Jongsma, J. Johnston, S. Hartley, and A. L. Bredenoord. 2019. “The Ethics of Genome Editing in non-Human Animals: A Systematic Review of Reasons Reported in the Academic Literature.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374 (1772): 20180106. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Hoop, E., A. Pols, and H. Romijn. 2016. “Limits to Responsible Innovation.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 3 (2): 110–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2016.1231396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Saille, S. 2015. “Innovating Innovation Policy: The Emergence of ‘Responsible Research and Innovation.’” Journal of Responsible Innovation 2 (2): 152–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2015.1045280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doezema, T., D. Ludwig, P. Macnaghten, C. Shelley-Egan, and E.-M. Forsberg. 2019. “Translation, Transduction, and Transformation: Expanding Practices of Responsibility Across Borders.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 6 (3): 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2019.1653155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entomological Society of America (ESA). 2020. “ESA Position Statement on the Importance of Continued Innovation in Gene Drive Technology.” Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113 (6): 486–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, E. 2020. “Reinventing Responsible Innovation.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 7 (1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2020.1712537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover, B., O. Akinbo, M. Savadogo, S. Timpo, G. Lemgo, W. Sinebo, S. Akile, et al. 2018. “Strengthening Regulatory Capacity for Gene Drives in Africa: Leveraging NEPAD’s Experience in Establishing Regulatory Systems for Medicines and GM Crops in Africa.” BMC Proceedings 12 (Suppl 8): 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12919-018-0108-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris, M., E. Weisberger, D. Silver, V. Dadwal, and J. Macinko. 2016. “That’s not how the Learning Works – the Paradox of Reverse Innovation: A Qualitative Study.” Globalization and Health 12 (36): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-016-0175-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartley, S., A. Kokotovich, and C. McCalman. 2022. “Prescribing Engagement in Environmental Risk Assessment for Gene Drive Technology.” Regulation and Governance, https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, S., K. Ledingham, R. Owen, S. Leonelli, S. Diarra, and S. Diop. 2021a. “Experimenting with co-Development: A Qualitative Study of Gene Drive Research for Malaria Control in Mali.” Social Science and Medicine 276: 113850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, S., C. McLeod, M. Clifford, S. Jewitt, and C. Ray. 2019. “A Retrospective Analysis of Responsible Innovation for low-Technology Innovation in the Global South.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 6 (2): 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2019.1575682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, S., W. Pearce, and A. Taylor. 2017. “Against the Tide of Depoliticisation: The Politics of Research Governance.” Policy and Politics 45 (3): 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557316X14681503832036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, S., R. D. J. Smith, A. Kokotovich, C. Opesen, T. Habtewold, K. Ledingham, B. Raymond, et al. 2021b. “Ugandan Stakeholder Hopes and Concerns About Gene Drive Mosquitoes for Malaria Control: New Directions for Gene Drive Risk Governance.” Malaria Journal 20 (149): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03682-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holden, K., and N. Jensen. 2017. “From Under the Wheels of the Juggernaut: Global Health Networks, Gold Standards and the Possibilities for Social Science Critique.” Science as Culture 26 (1): 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2016.1238889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, S., and K. H. Tountas. 2018. “Using Gene Drive Technologies to Control Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases.” Sustainability 10 (12): 4789. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juma, P. A., C. M. Jones, R. Mijumbi-Deve, C. Wenham, T. Masupe, J. Sobngwi-Tambekou, G. Biemba, et al. 2021. “Governance of Health Research in Four Eastern and Southern African Countries.” Health Res Policy Sys 19 (132), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00781-3.
   Google Scholar
• Kamwi, R. N. 2016. “Gene Drive Debate Must Include Voices from Africa, elsewhere.” STAT News, June 15. https://www.statnews.com/2016/06/15/gene-drive-debate-africa/#:~:text = As%20the%20spread%20of,day%20stop%20them%3A%20gene%20drive.
   Google Scholar
• Koch, S. 2020. “Responsible Research, Inequality in Science and Epistemic Injustice: An Attempt to Open up Thinking About Inclusiveness in the Context of RI/RRI.” Journal of Responsible Innovatio 7 (3): 672–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2020.1780094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, H., J. Gupte, H. Fletcher, L. Hammond, N. Lowe, M. Pelling, T. Shahid, et al. 2020. “COVID-19 as a Global Challenge: Towards an Inclusive and Sustainable Future.” The Lancet Planetary Health 4 (8): e312–e314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30168-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ledingham, K., and S. Hartley. 2021. “Transformation and Slippage in co-Production Ambitions for Global Technology Development: The Case of Gene Drive.” Environmental Science and Policy 116: 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.10.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, K. C., L. Alphey, G. J. Annas, C. S. Bloss, K. J. Campbell, J. Champer, C.-H. Chen, et al. 2020. “Core Commitments for Field Trials of Gene Drive Organisms.” Science 370 (6523): 1417–1419. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd1908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig, D., V. Blok, M. Garnier, P. Macnaghten, and A. Pols. 2022. “What’s Wrong with Global Challenges?’’.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 9 (1): 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2021.2000130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macnaghten, P. 2016. “Responsible Innovation and the Reshaping of Existing Technological Trajectories: The Hard Case of Genetically Modified Crops.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 3 (3): 282–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2016.1255700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macnaghten, P., R. Owen, J. Stilgoe, B. Wynne, A. Azevedo, A. de Campos, J. Chilvers, et al. 2014. “Responsible Innovation Across Borders: Tensions, Paradoxes and Possibilities.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 1 (2): 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2014.922249.
   Google Scholar
• Marris, C. 2015. “The Construction of Imaginaries of the Public as a Threat to Synthetic Biology.” Science as Culture 24 (1): 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2014.986320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouton, J. 2010. “The State of Social Science in sub-Saharan Africa.” In World Social Science Report 2010: Knowledge Divides, edited by Unesco, 63–67. Paris: International Social Science Council, Unesco.
   Google Scholar
• Museveni, Y. 2019. “Letter: The Genetic Engineering Regulatory Act’’. Addressed to the Speaker, Rt. Hon. Rebecca A. Kadaga. Accessed 26 Feb, 2021. http://parliamentwatch.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Motion-for-Reconsideration-of-the-Genetic-Engineering-Regulatory-Bill-2018-as-Returned-By-H.E-the-President-in-Accordance-with-Article-913b-of-the-Constitution-and-Rule-142-of-the-Rules-of-Procedure.pd.
   Google Scholar
• Ngalame, P. M., H. A. Williams, C. Jones, I. Nyamongo, S. Diop, and F. Gaspar. 2004. “Participation of African Social Scientists in Malaria Control: Identifying Enabling and Constraining Factors.” Malaria Journal 3 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-3-47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Open Philanthropy. 2020. African Union Development Agency – General Support (2020). Accessed 1 August, 2023. https//www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/African-union-development-agency-general-support-2020/.
   Google Scholar
• Opesen, C. 2021. A Social Science Agenda for Gene Drive Research: Workshop Report. Kampala: Makerere University.
   Google Scholar
• Owusu, F., Kalipeni, E. and J. M. M. Kiiru. 2014. Capacity Building for Research Leadership: The Need, Support and Strategies for Growing African Research Leaders. Nairobi: Partnership for African Social and Governance Research.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, P., G. Valkenburg, A. Mamidipudi, and W. Bijker. 2020. “Responsible Research and Innovation in the Global South: Agriculture, Renewable Energy and the Pursuit of Symmetry.” Science, Technology and Society 25 (2): 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/09717218209029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pansera, M., and R. Owen. 2018. “Innovation for de-Growth: A Case Study of Counter-Hegemonic Practices from Kerala, India.” Journal of Cleaner Production 197: 1872–1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pare Toe, L. 2021. “We Need to Redefine the Relationship Between Science and its end-Users.” Nature Human Behaviour 5: 176–177. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01023-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parliament of the Republic of Uganda. 2022. Public Service to Streamline Salaries of teachers by 2027. Parliament of the Republic of Uganda. Kampala.
   Google Scholar
• Piccolino, G., and S. Franklin. 2019. “The Unintended Consequences of Risk Assessment Regimes: How Risk Adversity at European Universities is Affecting African Studies.” Africa Spectrum 54 (3): 268–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039719898904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, C. S. 2020. “Constructing Alternative Socio-Technical Worlds: Re-Imagining RRI Through SRI in India.” Science, Technology and Society 25 (2): 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971721820903002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarewitz, D. 2015. “CRISPR: ‘science Can't Solve it.” Nature 522 (7557): 413–414. https://doi.org/10.1038/522413a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schot, J., and W. E. Steinmueller. 2018. “Three Frames for Innovation Policy: R&D, Systems of Innovation and Transformative Change.” Research Policy 47 (9): 1554–1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, H. 2020. “Global Problems Need Social Science.” Nature 577 (7789): 295–296. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00064-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urassa, M., D. W. Lawson, J. Wamoyi, E. Gurmu, M. A. Gibson, P. Madhivanan, and C. Placek. 2021. “Cross-cultural Research Must Prioritize Equitable Collaboration.” Nature Human Behaviour 5 (6): 668–671. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01076-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, G. 2020. “Consensus or Contestation: Reflections on Governance of Innovation in a Context of Heterogeneous Knowledges’’.” Science, Technology and Society 25 (2): 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/097172182090300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, G., A. Mamidipudi, P. Pandey, and W. Bijker. 2020. “Responsible Innovation as Empowering Ways of Knowing.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 7 (1): 6–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2019.1647087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasen, F. 2017. “Responsible Innovation in Developing Countries: An Enlarged Agenda.” In Responsible Innovation 3, edited by Asveld, L., van Dam-Mieras, R., Swierstra, T., Lavrijssen, S., and Linse, K. Springer: Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Wakunuma, K., F. de Castro, T. Jiya, E. A. Inigo, V. Blok, and V. Bryce. 2021. “Reconceptualising Responsible Research and Innovation from a Global South Perspective.” Journal of Responsible Innovation 8 (2): 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2021.1944736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wight, D. 2008. “Most of our Social Scientists are not Institution Based … They are There for Hire — Research Consultancies and Social Science Capacity for Health Research in East Africa.” Social Science and Medicine 66 (1): 110–116. doi.10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilsdon, J., and R. Willis. 2004. See-through Science: Why Public Engagement Needs to Move Upstream. London: Demos.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2021. World Malaria Report. World Health Organization: Geneva.
   Google Scholar