References
- Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
- Altemus, M., Sarvaiya, N., & Neill Epperson, C. (2014). Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(3), 320–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.004
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
- American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Psychological distress. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved June 6, 2023, from https://dictionary.apa.org/psychological-distress
- Ando, A. M. C., Giromini, L., Ales, F., & Zennaro, A. (2020). A multimethod assessment to study the relationship between rumination and gender differences. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(6), 740–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12666
- Arjanto, P. (2022). Uji reliabilitas dan validitas depression anxiety stress scales 21 (DASS-21) pada Mahasiswa. Arjanto | Jurnal Psikologi Perseptual. https://jurnal.umk.ac.id/index.php/perseptual/article/view/6196/pdf
- Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(2), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074
- Cohen, N., Daches, S., Mor, N., & Henik, A. (2014). Inhibition of negative content - a shared process in rumination and reappraisal. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00622
- Crawford, T. J., Higham, S., Mayes, J., Dale, M., Shaunak, S., & Lekwuwa, G. (2012). The role of working memory and attentional disengagement on inhibitory control: Effects of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. AGE, 35(5), 1637–1650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-012-9466-y
- Cuijpers, P., Smits, N., Donker, T., ten Have, M., & de Graaf, R. (2009). Screening for mood and anxiety disorders with the five-item, the three-item, and the two-item mental health inventory. Psychiatry Research, 168(3), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.012
- DeJong, H., Fox, E., & Stein, A. (2019). Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 63, 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.12.007
- Delespaux, E., & Zech, E. (2015). Why do bereaved partners experience interfering rumination?: Evidence for deficits in cognitive inhibition. Death Studies, 39(8), 463–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2014.958631
- De Lissnyder, E., Koster, E. H. W., Derakshan, N., & De Raedt, R. (2010). The association between depressive symptoms and executive control impairments in response to emotional and non-emotional information. Cognition & Emotion, 24(2), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903378354
- De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. (2010). Understanding vulnerability for depression from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: A reappraisal of attentional factors and a new conceptual framework. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(1), 50–70. https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.10.1.50
- Frings, C., Schneider, K., & Fox, E. (2015). The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(6), 1577–1597. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0841-4
- Grafton, B., Southworth, F., Watkins, E., & MacLeod, C. (2016). Stuck in a sad place: Biased attentional disengagement in rumination. Emotion, 16(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000103
- Greiff, S., Wüstenberg, S., Goetz, T., Vainikainen, M., Hautamäki, J., & Bornstein, M. H. (2015). A longitudinal study of higher-order thinking skills: Working memory and fluid reasoning in childhood enhance complex problem solving in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01060
- Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (methodology in the social sciences). (Third ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Homer, J. B., & Hirsch, G. B. (2006). System dynamics modeling for public health: background and opportunities. American journal of public health, 96(3), 452–458. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.062059
- Homer, J., Milstein, B., Hirsch, G. B., & Fisher, E. S. (2016). Combined regional investments could substantially enhance health system performance and be financially affordable. Health Affairs, 35(8), 1435–1443. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1043
- Hosseinichimeh, N., Wittenborn, A. K., Rick, J., Jalali, M. S., Rahmandad, H., & Puebla, I. (2018). Modeling and estimating the feedback mechanisms among depression, rumination, and stressors in adolescents. PLOS ONE, 13(9), e0204389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204389
- Jeronimus, B. F. (2019). Dynamic system perspectives on anxiety and depression. Routledge eBooks, 100–126. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315165844-7
- Joormann, J. (2004). Attentional bias in dysphoria: The role of inhibitory processes. Cognition & Emotion, 18(1), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930244000480
- Joormann, J. (2006). Differential effects of rumination and dysphoria on the inhibition of irrelevant emotional material: Evidence from a negative priming task. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9035-8
- Joormann, J. (2010). Cognitive inhibition and emotion regulation in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410370293
- Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Updating the contents of working memory in depression: Interference from irrelevant negative material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(1), 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.182
- Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition & Emotion, 24(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903407948
- Joormann, J., Yoon, K. L., & Zetsche, U. (2007). Cognitive inhibition in depression. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 12(3), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2007.09.002
- Kalin, N. H. (2020). The critical relationship between anxiety and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(5), 365–367. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030305
- Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
- Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N. A., Berglund, P., Gruber, M. J., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L., Bunting, B., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S., de Girolamo, G., Gureje, O., He, Y., Hu, C., Huang, Y., Karam, E., Kovess-Masfety, V., Lee, S., Levinson, D., Wilcox, M. A. (2015). Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the world health organization world mental health surveys. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 24(3), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796015000189
- Kinanthi, M. R., Listiyandini, R. A., Amaliah, U. S., & Ramadhanty, R. (2020). Adaptasi Alat Ukur DASS-21 Versi Indonesia Pada Populasi Mahasiswa. Seminar Nasional Psikologi dan Call for Paper UMB Yogyakarta 2020. Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta.
- Kuehner, C. (2017). Why is depression more common among women than among men? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-03661630263-2
- Lange, K., Kühn, S., Filevich, E., & Margulies, D. (2015). Just Another Tool for Online Studies (JATOS): An easy solution for setup and management of web servers supporting online studies. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0130834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130834
- Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation.
- Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.339
- Maraver, M. J., Bajo, M. T., & Gomez-Ariza, C. J. (2016, November 18). Training on working memory and inhibitory control in young adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00588
- Mathot, S., & March, J. (2021). Conducting linguistic experiments online with OpenSesame and OSWeb. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wnryc
- Mathôt, S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2011). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7
- Mayr, U., & Keele, S. W. (2000). Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(1), 4–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.4
- McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.003
- McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.006
- McLennan, K. S., Neumann, E., & Russell, P. N. (2019). Positive and negative priming differences between short-term and long-term identity coding of word-specific attentional priorities. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 81(5), 1426–1441. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-01661-9
- Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. L. (2017). Education, social status, and health. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351328081
- Mor, N., & Daches, S. (2015). Ruminative thinking: Lessons learned from cognitive training. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(4), 574–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702615578130
- Morris, A., Krishna, S. G., & Ulieru, M. (2010). A system dynamics view of stress: Towards human-factor modeling with computer agents. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (pp. 4369–4374). https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642412
- Nada, Q., Herdiana, I., & Andriani, F. (2022). Testing the validity and reliability of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 instrument for individuals with psychodermatology. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 7(2), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v7i2.11802
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1061–1072. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1061
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Watkins, E. R. (2011). A heuristic for developing transdiagnostic models of psychopathology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 589–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611419672
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
- Olatunji, B. O., Naragon-Gainey, K., & Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B. (2013). Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 20(3), 225–257. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101719
- Onraedt, T., Koster, E. H. W., & Aleman, A. (2014). Training working memory to reduce rumination. PLOS ONE, 9(3), e90632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090632
- Putri, V. M., Prasetio, C. E., & Sianipar, A. (2023).The relationship between inhibition of irrelevant negative information and happiness with mood as a moderator.
- Rahman, T. A. (2020). Peranan Rumination Terhadap Pikiran Bunuh Diri Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Padjadjaran [ Undergraduate Thesis]. Universitas Padjadjaran.
- Richter Levin, G., & Xu, L. (2018). How could stress lead to major depressive disorder? IBRO Reports, 4, 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibror.2018.04.001
- Ruscio, A. M., Gentes, E. L., Jones, J. D., Hallion, L. S., Coleman, E. S., & Swendsen, J. (2015). Rumination predicts heightened responding to stressful life events in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000025
- Schrobsdorff, H., Ihrke, M., Behrendt, J., Herrmann, J. M., Hasselhorn, M., & Paterson, K. (2012). Identity negative priming: A phenomenon of perception, recognition or selection? PLOS ONE, 7(3), e0032946. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032946
- Sianipar, A., van Groenestijn, P., & Dijkstra, T. (2016). Affective meaning, concreteness, and subjective frequency norms for Indonesian words. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01907
- Thompson, K. M., Tebbens, R. J. D., Pallansch, M. A., Wassilak, S. G. F., & Cochi, S. L. (2015). Polio eradicators use integrated analytical models to make better decisions. Interfaces, 45(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2014.0769
- Tong, H., Hou, W. K., Liang, L., Li, T. W., Liu, H., Lee, T. M. C., & Stanley, J. T. (2021, August 29). Age-related differences of rumination on the loneliness–depression relationship: Evidence from a population-representative cohort. Innovation in Aging, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab034.
- Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
- Valle, T. M., Gómez-Ariza, C. J., Bajo, M. T., & Wimber, M. (2019). Inhibitory control during selective retrieval may hinder subsequent analogical thinking. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0211881. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211881
- Verkuil, B., Brosschot, J. F., Gebhardt, W. A., & Thayer, J. F. (2010). When worries make you sick: A review of perseverative cognition, the default stress response and somatic health. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 1(1), jep.009110. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.009110
- Watkins, E. R. (2009). Depressive rumination and co-morbidity: Evidence for brooding as a transdiagnostic process. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: RET, 27(3), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-009-0098-9
- Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103573
- Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 522–536. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.522
- Wittenborn, A. K., Rahmandad, H., Rick, J., & Hosseinichimeh, N. (2016). Depression as a systemic syndrome: Mapping the feedback loops of major depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 46(3), 551–562. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002044
- World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.