The effect of water depth on passage success of arctic grayling through two Denil fishways

References

• Bond MH, Hanson CV, Baertsch R, Hayes SA, MacFarlane RB. 2007. A new low-cost instream antenna system for tracking passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged fish in small streams. Trans Am Fish Soc. 136(3):562–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunt CM, Katopodis C, McKinley RS. 1999. Attraction and passage efficiency of white suckers and small mouth bass by two Denil fishways. North Am J Fish Manage. 19(3):793–803.
   Google Scholar
• Cahoon J, Kappenman K, Ryan E, Jones A, Plymesser K, Blank M. 2018. Swimming capabilities of Arctic grayling. Northwest Sci. 92(3):234–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Committee on Fish Passes. 1942. Rep. of the committee of fish-passes. London: The Institution Research Committee, Institution of Civil Engineers, William Clowes and Sons, Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Clay C. 1995. Design of fishways and other fish facilities. 2nd ed. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Davison W. 1997. The effects of exercise training on teleost fish, a review of recent literature. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A. 117(1):67–75.
   Google Scholar
• Denil G. 1909. Fish passes and their application at the Neuse and Orthe dams. Bull Acad R Med Sci Belg. 1221–1224.
   Google Scholar
• Dockery DR, McMahon TE, Kappenman KM, Blank M. 2017. Swimming performance of sauger (Sander canadensis) in relation to fish passage. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 74(12):2035–2044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockery DR, Ryan E, Kappenman KM, Blank M. 2020. Swimming performance of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus Pallas) in an open channel flume. J Ecohydraul. 5(1):31–42.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Register. 2010. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; revised 12-month finding to list the Upper Missouri River distinct population segment of Arctic grayling as endangered or threatened. Fed Regist. 75(175):54708–54753. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2010/09/08/2010-22038/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-revised-12-month-finding-to-list-the-upper-missouri.
   Google Scholar
• Fulton LA, Gangmark HA, Bair SH. 1953. Trial of a Denil-type fish ladder on Pacific Salmon. U.S. FWS Special Scientific Report-Fisheries. No. 99, 16 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Haro A, Odeh M, Castro-Santos T, Noreika J. 1999. Effect of slope and headpond on passage of American shad and blueback herring through simple Denil and deepened Alaska steeppass fishways. North Am J Fish Manage. 19(1):51–58.
   Google Scholar
• Heim KC, Wipfli MS, Whitman MS, Arp CD, Adams J, Falke JA. 2016. Seasonal cues of Arctic grayling movement in a small Arctic stream: the importance of surface water connectivity. Environ Biol Fish. 99(1):49–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katopodis C, Rajaratnam N, Wu S, Tovell D. 1997. Denil fishways of varying geometry. J. Hydraulic Eng. 123(7):631–634.
   Google Scholar
• Kamula R, Barthel J. 2000. Effects of modifications on the hydraulics of Denil fishways. Boreal Environ Res. 5:67–79.
   Google Scholar
• Mallen-Cooper M, Stuart IG. 2007. Optimising Denil fishways for passage of small and large fishes. Fish Manage Ecol. 14(1):61–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MTFWP and USFWS (Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2006. Candidate agreement with assurances for fluvial Arctic Grayling in the upper Big Hole River. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tracking #TE104415-0.
   Google Scholar
• Moyle PB, Williams JE. 1990. Biodiversity loss in the temperate zone: decline of the native fish fauna of California. Conserv Biol. 4(3):275–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nau GS, Spares AD, Andrews SN, Mallory ML, McLellan MR, Stokesbury MJW. 2017. Body size, experience, and sex do matter: multiyear study shows improved passage rates for alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) through small-scale Denil and pool-and-weir fishways. River Res Appl. 33(9):1472–1483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odeh M. 2003. Discharge rating equation and hydraulic characteristics of standard Denil fishways. J Hydraul Eng. 129(5):341–348.
   Google Scholar
• Platt NC. 2019. Designing and assessing the effectiveness of Denil fishways using hydraulic modeling-based approaches [Master’s thesis]. Bozeman, Montana: Montana State University. p. 134.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Rajaratnam N, Katopodis C. 1984. Hydraulics of Denil fishways. J Hydraul Eng. 110(9):1219–1233.
   Google Scholar
• Ricks B, Hightower J, Wicker AM. 2004. Preliminary assessment of an Alaska steeppass fishway on a North Carolina blackwater creek. Southeast Assoc Fish Wildlife Agencies. 58:92–99.
   Google Scholar
• Shepard BB, Oswald RA. 1989. Timing, location, and population characteristics of spawning Montana Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus montanus [milner]) in the Big Hole River drainage, 1998. Bozeman, MT: Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife and Parks.
   Google Scholar
• Sheer MB, Steel EA. 2006. Lost watersheds: barriers, aquatic habitat connectivity, and salmon persistence in the Willamette and Lower Columbia River Basins. Trans Am Fish Soc. 135(6):1654–1669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slatick E. 1975. Laboratory evaluations of Denil-type steeppass fishway with various entrance and exit conditions for passage of adult salmonids and American shad. Mar Fish Rev. 37(5):17–26.
   Google Scholar
• Slatick E, Basham LR. 1985. The effect of Denil fishway length on passage of some nonsalmonid fishes. U.S. National Marine Fish Serv Marine Fish Rev. 47(1):83–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tack SL, Fisher JG. 1977. Performance of Arctic grayling in a twenty foot section of model “A” Alaska steeppass fish ladder. Poplar Grove Creek (AK): Army Corps of Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Turnipseed DP, Sauer VB. 2010. Discharge measurements at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods book 3, chap. A8, 87. http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm3-a8/
   Google Scholar
• Wada K, Azuma N, Shunroku N. 2000. Migratory behavior of juvenile ayu in Denil and steeppass fishways in Japan. In: Odeh M, editors. Advances in Fish Passage Technology. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society; p. 103–114.
   Google Scholar
• Weigel DE, Connolly PJ, Powell MS. 2013. The impact of small irrigation diversion dams on the recent migration rates of steelhead and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Conserv Genet. 14(6):1255–1267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams JE, Johnson JE, Hendrickson DA, Contreras-Balderas S, Williams JD, Navarro-Mendoza M, McAllister DE, Deacon JE. 1989. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Fisheries. 14(6):2–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USACOE. 2008. HEC-RAS, “User Manual,” US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis Version 4.0, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). 2017. Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria. USFWS, Northeast Region R5, Hadley (MA).
   Google Scholar
• Ziemer GL. 1962. Steeppass fishway development. Alaska Oep Fish Game Div Eng Serv Inf Leaft. (12):36.
   Google Scholar