Publication Cover
Applied Earth Science
Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy
Volume 132, 2023 - Issue 3-4
108
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Risk assessment of radioactive hazards associated with black sand upgrading processes

, , , &
Pages 187-193 | Received 11 Jun 2023, Accepted 20 Jul 2023, Published online: 29 Jul 2023

References

  • Abdel-Karim AM, Zaid SM, Moustafa MI, Barakat MG. 2016. Mineralogy, chemistry and radioactivity of the heavy minerals in the black sands, along the northern coast of Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci. 123:10–20. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.07.005.
  • Aboelkhair H, Zaaeimah M. 2013. The potential of natural gamma-ray spectrometry for mapping and environmental monitoring of black-sand beach deposits on the northern coast of Sinai, Egypt. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 154:81–94. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncs136.
  • Adelikhah ME, Shahrokhi A, Chalupnik S, Tóth-Bodrogi E, Kovács T. 2020. High level of natural ionizing radiation at a thermal bath in Dehloran, Iran. Heliyon. 6(7):e04297. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04297.
  • Akram M, Qureshi M, Riffat N, Ahmad N, Solaija TJ. 2007. Determination of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the inter-tidal sediments off Baluchistan (Pakistan) coast, Arabian sea. Radiat Prot Dosim. 123:268–273. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl105.
  • Alam MN, Chowdhury MI, Kamal M, Ghose S, Islam MN, Mustafa MN, et al. 1999. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K activities in beach sand minerals and beach soils of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. J Environ Radioact. 46:243–250. doi:10.1016/S0265-931X(98)00143-X.
  • Ali M, Qureshi AA, Waheed A, Baloch MA, Qayyum H, Tufail M, Khan HA. 2012. Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess. 184:4623–4634. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2290-5.
  • Aziz A, Sief R, Ghieth B, Kaiser M. 2020. Black sand deposits; their spatial distribution and hazards along the northern coast of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. J Appl Geophys. 183:104219. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.104219.
  • Beretka J, Mathew PJ. 1985. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes, and by-products. Health Phys. 48(1):87–95. doi:10.1097/00004032-198501000-00007.
  • Dodge-Wan D, Viswanathan PM. 2021. Terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate mapping and influence of building materials: a case study at Curtin University campus (Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia). J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 328(1):163–180. doi:10.1007/s10967-021-07641-y.
  • El-Afandy AH, Moustafa MI, El Nahas HA, Abdou AA, Barakat MG. 2016. Geomorphology and mineralogy of the top meter black sandnorthwestst of el-Burbllus lake, Kafr al-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. Al Azhar Bull. Sci. 27(2):65–72.
  • El-Kammar A, Ragab A, Moustafa M. 2011. Geochemistry of economic heavy minerals from rosetta black sand of Egypt. J. King Abdulaziz Univ. Earth Sci. 22(2):69–97. doi:10.4197/Ear.22-2.4.
  • El-Khatib A, Denton M, El-Sabrouti M. 1993. Isotope identification of Egyptian black sands from rosetta using neutron activation analysis. J. Fiz. Malays. 14:1–10.
  • El-Naggar AM. 1999. Environmental radioactivity; sources and effects on man.Proceedings of the international conference on hazardous waste sources, effects and management.Cairo, Egypt.
  • European Commission (EC). 1999. Radiation protection 112. Radiological Protection Principles Concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials. Luxembourg, Belgium: Directorate General Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection; p. 1–16.
  • García-Florentino C, Maguregui M, Romera-Fernández M, Queralt I, Margui E, Madariaga JM. 2018. Usefulness of a dual macro-and micro-energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer to develop quantitative methodologies for historic mortar and related materials characterization. Anal Chem. 90(9):5795–5802. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00216.
  • Guerra VdG, Achiles AE, Béttega R. 2017. The influence of droplet size distribution on liquid dispersion in a venturi scrubber: experimental measurements and CFD simulation. Ind Eng Chem Res. 56(8):2177–2187. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03761.
  • Khan AR, Rafique M, Rahman SU, Kearfott KJ, Matiullah. 2017. A review of radon measurement studies with nuclear track detectors (NTDs) in Azad Kashmir. Indoor Built Environ. 26(4):447–455. doi:10.1177/1420326X15626236.
  • Khedr M.Z., H. Zaghloul, E. Takazawa, H. El-Nahas, M.K. Azer, S. A. El-Shafei, Genesis and evaluation of heavy minerals in black sands: a case study from the southern eastern desert of Egypt, Geochemistry, Vol. 83, Issue 1, 2023, 125945. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2022.125945.
  • Kocsis E, Tóth-Bodrogi E, Peka A, Adelikhah M, Kovács T. 2021. Radiological impact assessment of different building material additives. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 330:1517–1526. doi:10.1007/s10967-021-07897-4.
  • Pettijohn FJ, Potter PE, Siever R. 1987. Sand and sandstones. New York: Springer.
  • Radiation, U.N.S.C.o.t. E.o.A. 2000. Sources, and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2000 Report, Volume I. 2000: United Nations.
  • Radiation, U.N.S.C.o.t. E.o.A. 2008. Source,s and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2008 Report, Volume I. 2010: United Nations.
  • Tawfic AF, Zakaly HMH, Awad HA, Tantawy HR, Abbasi A, Abed NS, Mostafa M. 2021. Natural radioactivity levels and radiological implications in the high natural radiation area of Wadi el Reddah, Egypt. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 327:643–652. doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07554-2.
  • Turhan Ş, Baykan U, Şen K. 2008. Measurement of the natural radioactivity in building materials used in Ankara and assessment of external doses. J Radiol Prot. 28(1):83–91. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/28/1/005.
  • UNSCEAR. 2018. United Nations. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources, effects,s and risks of ionizing radiation: UNSCEAR 2017 report to the general assembly, with Scientific Annexes A and B. UN.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.