Irreversibility and Nuclear Disarmament: Unmaking Nuclear Weapon Complexes

References

• Albright, H., T. Zamora, and D. Lewis. 1990. “Turn off Rocky Flats.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 46:5. pp. 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1990.11459840.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspin, L. 1992. From Deterrence to Denuking: A New Nuclear Policy for the 1990s. Washington, D.C: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Armed Services.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, K. C. 1998. “Prepared Statement of Dr Kathleen C. Bailey. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Hearing on ‘The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and Nuclear Nonproliferation’.” Government Printing Office. 18 March.
   Google Scholar
• Barkenbus, J. 1989. “Devaluing Nuclear Weapons.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 14 (4): 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224398901400406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., and C. Knill. 2012. “Understanding Policy Dismantling: An Analytical Framework.” In Dismantling Public Policy: Preferences, Strategies, and Effects, edited by M. Bauer, 30–51. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benford, R., and D. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (1): 611–639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, P., and J. Wood. 2010. The Origins of Nunn-Lugar and Cooperative Threat Reduction. Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Case Study 3.National Defense University.
   Google Scholar
• Bijker, W. 1995. Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourne, M. 2016. “Invention and Uninvention in Nuclear Weapons Politics.” Critical Studies on Security 4 (1): 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2015.1106427.
   Google Scholar
• Browne, D. 2008. “Laying the Foundations for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament. UK Ministry of Defence.” Remarks to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, Palais des Nations, February 5.
   Google Scholar
• Canberra Commission. 1996. The Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. Government of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
   Google Scholar
• Claytor, R. 1992. “Prepared Statement of Richard Claytor. House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services Hearing on ‘National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1993-H.R. 5006’.” European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 65:295–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cliff, D., H. Elbahtimy, and A. Persbo 2011. “Irreversibility in nuclear disarmament: Practical steps against nuclear rearmament.” VERTIC, London. http://www.vertic.org/media/assets/Publications/Irreversibility_Report_Sept_2011.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Clinton, W. J. 1997. “Message to the Senate Transmitting the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty and Documentation, September 22.” Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 33 (39): 1371–1429.
   Google Scholar
• Clinton, W. J. 1998. “Remarks at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico February 3.” Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 34 (6): 175–225.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, W. 1997. Nuclear Weapon Systems Sustainment Programs. Washington, D.C: Office of the Secretary of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Colby, E. 2008. “Nuclear Abolition: A Dangerous Illusion.” Orbis 52 (3): 424–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2008.05.008.
   Google Scholar
• Collina, T., and R. Kidder. 1994. “Shopping Spree Softens Test-Ban Sorrows.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 50 (4): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1994.11456536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, H. 2010. Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cressman, D. 2009. “A Brief Overview of Actor-Network Theory: Punctualization, Heterogeneous Engineering & Translation.” Working paper. Centre for Policy Research on Science & Technology (CPROST) School of Communication, Simon Fraser University.
   Google Scholar
• Crouch, J. 2001. Media Roundtable with ASD (ISP) Crouch. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• David, M. 2017. “Moving Beyond the Heuristic of Creative Destruction: Targeting Exnovation with Policy Mixes for Energy Transitions.” Energy Research & Social Science 33:138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOE (Department of Energy). 1999a. Nuclear Skills Retention Measures within the Department of Defense and Department of Energy. Washington, D.C: Department of Energy. (The Chiles Commission).
   Google Scholar
• DOE (Department of Energy). 1999b. Stockpile Stewardship Program: 30-Day Review. Washington, D.C: Department of Energy.
   Google Scholar
• DOE (Department of Energy). 2017. “Fiscal Year 2018 Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan Report to Congress.” November. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2017/11/f46/fy18ssmp_final_november_2017%5B1%5D_0.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• DSB (Defense Science Board). 1993. “Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on the Defense Nuclear Agency.” Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• DSB (Defense Science Board). 1998. “Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Nuclear Deterrence.” Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• DSB (Defense Science Board). 2006. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Nuclear Capabilities. Washington, D.C: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, U.S. Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Elmet, D. 1994. The Role of the Unrealisable: A Study in Regulative Ideals. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Finnemore, M. 1996. National Interests in International Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flank, S. 1993. “Exploding the Black Box: The Historical Sociology of Nuclear Proliferation.” Security Studies 3 (2): 259–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636419309347549.
   Google Scholar
• Frankel, M., J. Scouras, and G. Ullrich 2021. “Tickling the Sleeping Dragon’s Tail: Should We Resume Nuclear Testing?” Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/documents/DragonsTail.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gaffney, F. 1991. “Self-Imposed Structural Disarmament: The Sorry State of the DoE Weapons Complex. House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services Hearing on ‘National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993- H.R. 2100’.” April 18.
   Google Scholar
• Garrity, P. 1991. “The Depreciation of Nuclear Weapons in International Politics.” Journal of Strategic Studies 14 (4): 463–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402399108437465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geels, F. 2005. Technological Transitions and System Innovations: A Co-Evolutionary and Socio-Technical Analysis. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Government Accountability Office. 2007. “Nuclear Weapons: Annual Assessment of the Safety, Performance, and Reliability of the Nation’s Stockpile.” GAO-07-243R. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-07-243r.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, C. 1999. The Second Nuclear Age. London: Lynne Rienner.
   Google Scholar
• Gusterson, H., and C. Besteman. 2019. “Cultures of militarism.” Current Anthropology 60 (19): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1086/700648.
   Google Scholar
• Hamre, J. 1998. DOD News Briefing, Deputy Secretary of Defense John J. Hamre. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Harahan, J., and R. Bennett. 2002. Creating the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Harrington, A. 2011. “The Strategy of Non-Proliferation: Maintaining the Credibility of an Incredible Pledge to Disarm.” Millennium - Journal of International Studies 40 (1): 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829811413312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington, A., and M. Englert. 2014. “How Much is Enough? The Politics of Technology and Weaponless Nuclear Deterrence.” In The Global Politics of Science and Technology: Perspectives, Cases and Methods, edited by M. Mayer, M. Carpes, and R. Knoblich, 287–302. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hecht, G. 2000. The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity After World War II. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hecker, S. 1992. “Prepared Statement by Dr Siegfried Hecker, Director, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Senate Committee on Armed Services Hearing on ‘Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1993 and the Future Years Defense Program’”. 27 March.
   Google Scholar
• Hecker, S. 1997. “Statement by Dr Siegfried S. Hecker. Senate Committee on Armed Services Hearing on ‘Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1998 and the Future Years Defense Program’.” 19 March.
   Google Scholar
• Herzfeld, C. 1990. “Statement of Dr Charles Herzfeld, Chairman, Nuclear Weapons Council. House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services Hearing on ‘National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1991- H.R. 4739’.” March 20.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, J. 2016. “Nuclear test readiness.” National Security Science 9–16. https://www.lanl.gov/discover/publications/national-security-science/2016-december/assets/docs/NSS-dec2016nuclear-test-readiness.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, T. 1983. Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• IPNDV (International Partnership on Nuclear Disarmament Verification). 2018. “Food-For-Thought Paper: Achieving Irreversibility in Nuclear Disarmament. Working Group 1: Monitoring and Verification Objectives.” International Partnership on Nuclear Disarmament Verification. https://www.ipndv.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IPNDV-WG1-FFT-Irreversibility-Final.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jasanoff, S., Ed. 2004. States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, A., C. Green-Pedersen, and J. Turnpenny. 2012. “Policy Dismantling: An Introduction.” In Dismantling Public Policy: Preferences, Strategies, and Effects, edited by M. Bauer, et al., 2–29. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, R., and R. Lehman. 1998a. “U.S. Nuclear Policy in the 21st Century.” Strategic Forum 145: 1–4 .
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, R., and R. Lehman. 1998b. U.S. Nuclear Policy in the 21st Century: A Fresh Look at National Strategy and Requirements. Washington, D.C: National Defense University and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Koretsky, Z. 2023. “Dynamics of Technological Decline as Socio-Material Unravelling.” In Technologies in Decline: Socio-Technical Approaches to Discontinuation and Destabilisation, edited by Z. Koretsky, P. Stegmaier, B. Turnheim, and H. van Lente, 15–42. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Koretsky, Z., and H. van Lente. 2020. “Technology Phase-Out as Unravelling of Socio-Technical Configurations: Cloud Seeding Case.” Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 37:302–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2020.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krepon, M. 2003. Cooperative Threat Reduction, Missile Defense and the Nuclear Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kull, S. 1988. Minds at War: Nuclear Reality and the Inner Conflicts of Defense Policymakers. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kyl, J. 1994. “National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995.” Congressional Record (House of Representatives), May 18.
   Google Scholar
• Law, J. 1987. “Technology and Heterogeneous Engineering: The Case of Portuguese Expansion.” In The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, edited by T. In Pinch, W. Bijker, and T. Hughes, 111–134. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Law, J. 2007. “Actor Network Theory and Material Semiotics.” Working paper. http://www.heterogeneities.net/publications/Law2007ANTandMaterialSemiotics.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D. 1993. Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, D. 1999. “Theories of Technology and the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons.” In The Governance of Large Technical Systems, edited by O. Coutard, 173–198. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Markard, J., K. Isoaho, and L. Widdel. 2023. “Discourse Around Decline: Comparing the Debates on Coal Phase-Out in the UK, Germany and Finland.” In Technologies in Decline: Socio-Technical Approaches to Discontinuation and Destabilisation, edited by Z. Koretsky, B. Turnheim, and H. van Lente, 119–144. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, D., J. McCarthy, and M. Zald, Eds. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mehan, H., C. Nathanson, and J. Kelly. 1990. “Nuclear Discourse in the 1980s: The Unravelling Conventions of the Cold War.” Discourse & Society 1 (2): 133–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926590001002002.
   Google Scholar
• Milliken, J. 1999. “The Study of Discourse in International Relations: A Critique of Research and Methods.” European Journal of International Relations 5 (2): 225–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066199005002003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olshanksky, S., and R. Williams. 1990. “Culture Shock at the Weapons Complex.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 46 (8): 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1990.11459874.
   Google Scholar
• PDD (Presidential Decision Directive). 1993. “NSC-15.” The White House. Washington, D.C. November 3. https://irp.fas.org/offdocs/pdd/pdd-15.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Perkovich, G., and J. Acton. 2008. “Managing the Nuclear Industry in a World without Nuclear Weapons. In Perkovich & Acton.” International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 48 (396): 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320802370248.
   Google Scholar
• Pinch, T. 1998. “Theoretical Approaches to Science, Technology and Social Change: Recent Developments.” Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 26 (1): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1163/030382498X00021.
   Google Scholar
• Pretorius, J. 2023. “Staying the Course: Lessons from South Africa for Irreversibility of Nuclear Disarmament.” Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Price, R. 1995. “A Genealogy of the Chemical Weapons Taboo.” International Organization 49 (1): 73–103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis, V. 1996. Prepared Statement of Dr Victor Reis. House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development. Hearing on ‘Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1997’. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Reis, V. 1997. Testimony Before the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services Subcommittee. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Reis, V. 1998. Prepared Statement of Dr Victor Reis, Assistant Secretary of Energy for Defense Programs. Hearing on ‘‘Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998: Atomic Energy Defense Activities”. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Richanbach, P., D. Graham, J. Bell, and J. Silk. 1997. The Organization and Management of the Nuclear Weapons Program. Alexandria: Institute for Defense Analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, N. 2009. US Nuclear Weapons Policy After the Cold War: Russians, Rogues and Domestic Division. Basingstoke: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, N. 2010. “Relinquishing Nuclear Weapons: Identities, Networks and the British Bomb.” International Affairs 86: 2:465–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00892.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie, N. 2013. “Valuing and Devaluing Nuclear Weapons.” Contemporary Security Policy 34 (1): 146–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2013.771040.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, N. 2018. “Inventing Nuclear Disarmament.” Critical Studies on Security 7 (1): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2018.1468083.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, N. 2022. “A Contestation of Nuclear Ontologies: Resisting Nuclearism and Reimagining the Politics of Nuclear Disarmament.” International Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178221122959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, C. P. 1999. Statement of C. Paul Robinson, Director, Sandia National Laboratories. Senate Committee on Armed Services Hearing on ‘Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty’. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Roscow, S. 1989. “Nuclear deterrence, state legitimation, and liberal democracy.” Polity 21 (3): 563–586. https://doi.org/10.2307/3234748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosert, E., U. Becker-Jakob, F. Giorgio, and A. Schaper. 2013. “Arms Control Norms and Technology.” In Norm Dynamics in Multilateral Arms Control, edited by H. Muller and C. Wunderlich, 122–172. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shove, E., M. Pantzar, and M. Watson. 2012. The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday Life and How It Changes. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Sims, B., and C. Henke. 2012. “Repairing Credibility: Repositioning Nuclear Weapons Knowledge After the Cold War.” Social Studies of Science 42 (3): 324–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712437778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovacool, B., K. Lovell, and M. Ting. 2018. “Reconfiguration, Contestation, and Decline: Conceptualizing Mature Large Technical Systems.” Science, Technology and Human Values 43 (6): 6, pp. 1066–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243918768074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, F. 1994. “The Clinton Administration and Nuclear Weapons Policy: Benign Neglect or Erosion by Design?” Congressional Record (House of Representatives), June 8.
   Google Scholar
• Spinardi, G. 1994. From Polaris to Trident: The Development of US Fleet Ballistic Missile Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spinardi, G., and D. MacKenzie. 1995. “Tacit Knowledge, Weapons Design, and the Uninvention of Nuclear Weapons.” American Journal of Sociology 101 (1): 44–99. https://doi.org/10.1086/230699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steeves, G. 2020. “Ready, Set, Getting to Go: US Nuclear Test Readiness Posture.” Strategic Studies Quarterly 14 (3): 22–48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26937410.
   Google Scholar
• Stegmaier, P. 2023. “Conceptual Aspects of Discontinuation Governance: An Exploration.” In Technologies in Decline: Socio-Technical Approaches to Discontinuation and Destabilisation, edited by Z. Koretsky, P. Stegmaier, B. Turnheim, and H. van Lente, 78–116. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stegmaier, P., S. Kuhlmann, and V. Visser. 2014. “The Discontinuation of Socio-Technical Systems as a Governance Problem.” In The Governance of Socio-Technical Systems, edited by S. Borrás and J. Edler, 111–133. Elgar: Cheltenham.
   Google Scholar
• Stirling, A., and P. Johnstone. 2018. “Interdependencies Between Civil and Military Nuclear Infrastructures.” SPRU Working Paper Series (SWPS) 13:1–18. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3230021.
   Google Scholar
• Sturm, R. 1993. “Nuclear Power in Eastern Europe: Learning or Forgetting Curves?” Energy Economics 15 (3): 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(93)90004-B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurmond, S. 1991. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Hearing on ‘DOE Nuclear Weapons Complex Reconfiguration Study’. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Turnheim, B. 2023. “Destabilisation, Decline and Phase-Out in Transitions Research.” In Technologies in Decline: Socio-Technical Approaches to Discontinuation and Destabilisation, edited by Z. Koretsky, P. Stegmaier, B. Turnheim, and H. van Lente, 43–77. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2007. “Model Nuclear Weapons Convention. Working Paper Submitted by Costa Rica to the Preparatory Committee for the 2010.” Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. NPT/CONF.2010/PC.I/WP.17. Vienna. May 1.
   Google Scholar
• van der Vleuten, E. 2009. “Large Technical Systems.” In A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology, edited by J. Olsen, S. Pederson, and V. Hendricks, 218–222. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, P. 2016. “Cooperative Threat Reduction in the Former Soviet States: Legislative History, Implementation, and Lessons Learned.” The Nonproliferation Review 23 (1–2): 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2016.1178442.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, W. 2000. “Entrapment in Large Technology Systems: Institutional Commitment and Power Relations.” Research Policy 29 (7–8): 833–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00108-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, W. 2020. “On Nuclear Embeddedness and (Ir)reversibility: A Working Paper.” Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University.
   Google Scholar
• Weiner, S. 2011. Our Own Worst Enemy: Institutional Interests and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Expertise. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• White House. 1962. “‘Blueprint for the Peace Race: Outline of Basic Provisions of a Treaty on General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful world’.” Washington, D.C. http://ucf.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A5074/datastream/OBJ/view/Blueprint_for_the_peace_race__Outline_of_basic_provisions_of_a_treaty_on_general_and_complete_disarmament_in_a_peaceful_world.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• White House. 1995. Joint Statement on the Transparency and Irreversibility of the Process of Reducing Nuclear Weapons. Washington, D.C: The White House.
   Google Scholar
• Wilton Park. 2023. “Irreversibility in Nuclear Disarmament.” Wilton Park Conference. Details at https://www.wiltonpark.org.uk/event/irreversibility-in-nuclear-disarmament-2.
   Google Scholar
• Winner, L. 1980. “Do Politics Have Artifacts?” Daedalus 109 (1): 121–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winner, L. 1986. The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar